1
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A comprehensive review on natural occurrence, synthesis and biological activities of glycolipids. Carbohydr Res 2022; 516:108556. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2022.108556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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2
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Fatahi-Bafghi M. Characterization of the Rothia spp. and their role in human clinical infections. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2021; 93:104877. [PMID: 33905886 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.104877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The genus Rothia are emerging as opportunistic pathogens associated with various infections in immunocompromised and immunocompetent individuals. This review describes the taxonomy, cell wall structure, pathogenesis, phenotypic and molecular characteristics, clinical diseases, treatment and, as well as, the related genera that may be misidentified by Rothia species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Fatahi-Bafghi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
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3
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Willmann C, Mata X, Hanghoej K, Tonasso L, Tisseyre L, Jeziorski C, Cabot E, Chevet P, Crubézy E, Orlando L, Esclassan R, Thèves C. Oral health status in historic population: Macroscopic and metagenomic evidence. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196482. [PMID: 29768437 PMCID: PMC5955521 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent developments in High-Throughput DNA sequencing (HTS) technologies and ancient DNA (aDNA) research have opened access to the characterization of the microbial communities within past populations. Most studies have, however, relied on the analysis of dental calculus as one particular material type particularly prone to the molecular preservation of ancient microbial biofilms and potential of entire teeth for microbial characterization, both of healthy communities and pathogens in ancient individuals, remains overlooked. In this study, we used shotgun sequencing to characterize the bacterial composition from historical subjects showing macroscopic evidence of oral pathologies. We first carried out a macroscopic analysis aimed at identifying carious or periodontal diseases in subjects belonging to a French rural population of the 18th century AD. We next examined radiographically six subjects showing specific, characteristic dental pathologies and applied HTS shotgun sequencing to characterize the microbial communities present in and on the dental material. The presence of Streptococcus mutans and also Rothia dentocariosa, Actinomyces viscosus, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Pseudoramibacter alactolyticus, Olsenella uli and Parvimonas micra was confirmed through the presence of typical signatures of post-mortem DNA damage at an average depth-of-coverage ranging from 0.5 to 7X, with a minimum of 35% (from 35 to 93%) of the positions in the genome covered at least once. Each sampled tooth showed a specific bacterial signature associated with carious or periodontal pathologies. This work demonstrates that from a healthy independent tooth, without visible macroscopic pathology, we can identify a signature of specific pathogens and deduce the oral health status of an individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Willmann
- Laboratoire d’Anthropologie Moléculaire et d’Imagerie de Synthèse UMR 5288, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
- Service d’odontologie de l’Hôtel-Dieu, Toulouse, France
| | - Xavier Mata
- Laboratoire d’Anthropologie Moléculaire et d’Imagerie de Synthèse UMR 5288, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Kristian Hanghoej
- Laboratoire d’Anthropologie Moléculaire et d’Imagerie de Synthèse UMR 5288, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
- Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Laure Tonasso
- Laboratoire d’Anthropologie Moléculaire et d’Imagerie de Synthèse UMR 5288, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Lenka Tisseyre
- Laboratoire d’Anthropologie Moléculaire et d’Imagerie de Synthèse UMR 5288, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Elodie Cabot
- Institut National de Recherches Archéologiques Préventives, INRAP Grand Ouest, Cesson-Sévigné, France
- Anthropologie Bio-Culturelle, Droit, Ethique et Santé, Faculté de Médecine Site Nord (UMR 7268), Marseille, France
| | - Pierre Chevet
- Institut National de Recherches Archéologiques Préventives, INRAP Grand Ouest, Cesson-Sévigné, France
| | - Eric Crubézy
- Laboratoire d’Anthropologie Moléculaire et d’Imagerie de Synthèse UMR 5288, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Ludovic Orlando
- Laboratoire d’Anthropologie Moléculaire et d’Imagerie de Synthèse UMR 5288, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
- Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rémi Esclassan
- Laboratoire d’Anthropologie Moléculaire et d’Imagerie de Synthèse UMR 5288, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
- Service d’odontologie de l’Hôtel-Dieu, Toulouse, France
| | - Catherine Thèves
- Laboratoire d’Anthropologie Moléculaire et d’Imagerie de Synthèse UMR 5288, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
- * E-mail:
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4
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Tóth Á, Baka E, Bata-Vidács I, Luzics S, Kosztik J, Tóth E, Kéki Z, Schumann P, Táncsics A, Nagy I, Sós E, Kukolya J. Micrococcoides hystricis gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel member of the family Micrococcaceae, phylum Actinobacteria. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2017; 67:2758-2765. [PMID: 28853684 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.002018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A Gram-stain-positive bacterium, designated TSL3T, was isolated from faeces of a porcupine, Hystrix indica, from the Budapest Zoo and Botanical Garden, Hungary. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the strain is phylogenetically related to the family Micrococcaceae. The highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity was found with Micrococcus terreus V3M1T (96.50 %) followed by Arthrobacter humicola KV-653T (96.43 %). Cells of strain TSL3T were aerobic, non-motile and coccoid-shaped. The main fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (54.4 %), iso-C16 : 0 (18.2 %) and iso C15 : 0 (9.7 %). The major menaquinone was MK-7, and the polar lipid profile included phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, dimannosylglyceride, trimannosyldiacylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, three unknown phospholipids and two unknown glycolipids. Strain TSL3T showed the peptidoglycan structure A4alpha l-Lys - Gly - l-Glu. The DNA G+C content of strain TSL3T was 58.4 mol%. Phenotypic and genotypic characterisation clearly showed that strain TSL3T could be differerentiated from the members of other genera in the family Micrococcaceae. According to these results, strain TSL3T represents a novel genus and species, for which the name Micrococcoides hystricis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is TSL3T (=DSM 29785T=NCAIM B. 02604T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ákos Tóth
- Department of Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Agro-Environmental Research Institute, National Agricultural Research and Innovation Centre, H-1022 Budapest, Herman Ottó u. 15, Hungary
| | - Erzsébet Baka
- Department of Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Agro-Environmental Research Institute, National Agricultural Research and Innovation Centre, H-1022 Budapest, Herman Ottó u. 15, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Bata-Vidács
- Department of Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Agro-Environmental Research Institute, National Agricultural Research and Innovation Centre, H-1022 Budapest, Herman Ottó u. 15, Hungary
| | - Szabina Luzics
- Department of Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Agro-Environmental Research Institute, National Agricultural Research and Innovation Centre, H-1022 Budapest, Herman Ottó u. 15, Hungary
| | - Judit Kosztik
- Department of Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Agro-Environmental Research Institute, National Agricultural Research and Innovation Centre, H-1022 Budapest, Herman Ottó u. 15, Hungary
| | - Erika Tóth
- Department of Microbiology, Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Pázmány P. stny. 1/C, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsa Kéki
- Department of Microbiology, Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Pázmány P. stny. 1/C, Hungary
| | - Peter Schumann
- Leibniz-Institute DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstrasse 7B, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - András Táncsics
- Regional University Center of Excellence in Environmental Industry, Szent István University, H-2100 Gödöllő, Károly Róbert u. 1, Hungary
| | - István Nagy
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-6726 Szeged, Temesvári krt. 62, Hungary.,SeqOmics Biotechnology Ltd, H-6782 Mórahalom, Vállalkozók útja 7, Hungary
| | - Endre Sós
- Budapest Zoo and Botanical Garden, H-1146 Budapest, Állatkerti krt. 6-12, Hungary
| | - József Kukolya
- Department of Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Agro-Environmental Research Institute, National Agricultural Research and Innovation Centre, H-1022 Budapest, Herman Ottó u. 15, Hungary
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Activation of invariant natural killer T cells stimulated with microbial α-mannosyl glycolipids. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9703. [PMID: 28852174 PMCID: PMC5574887 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10309-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Some synthetic and bacterial glycolipids presented by CD1d specifically activate invariant NKT (iNKT) cells bearing an invariant Vα14-Jα18 (mouse) or Vα24-Jα18 (human) TCR. The antigenic glycolipids identified to date consist of two hydrophobic chains and an α-glycoside in which the 2′-OH group is in the cis orientation toward the anomeric group, namely, either an α-galactoside or an α-glucoside. Several microbial α-mannosyl glycolipids, in which the 2′-OH group is in the trans orientation, were herein examined to establish whether they have potential to activate iNKT cells. We found that α-mannnosyl1-3 (6′-O-acyl α-mannosyl)-1-1 monoacylglycerol and cholesteryl 6′-O-acyl α-mannoside, found in Saccharopolyspora and Candida albicans, respectively, induced the activation of iNKT cells, dependent on CD1d. In contrast, α-mannosyldiacylglycerol found in Streptococcus suis or α-mannosylceramide demonstrated markedly less antigenicity for iNKT cells. The potentially antigenic α-mannosyl glycolipids contributed to the protection of mice against infection with S. pneumoniae in which iNKT cells have previously been found to participate. Furthermore, these glycolipids induced the production of proinflammatory cytokines by macrophages, thereby suggesting their recognition by specific pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Collectively, these results suggest that these microbial α-mannosyl glycolipids are capable of being recognized by both the invariant TCR and PRRs and inducing immune responses.
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6
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Oblak E, Piecuch A, Maciaszczyk-Dziubinska E, Wawrzycka D. Quaternary ammonium salt N-(dodecyloxycarboxymethyl)- N,N,N-trimethyl ammonium chloride induced alterations in Saccharomyces cerevisiae physiology. J Biosci 2017; 41:601-614. [PMID: 27966483 DOI: 10.1007/s12038-016-9644-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the influence of the quaternary ammonium salt (QAS) called IM (N-(dodecyloxycarboxymethyl)- N,N,N-trimethyl ammonium chloride) on yeast cells of the parental strain and the IM-resistant mutant (EO25 IMR) growth. The phenotype of this mutant was pleiotropic. The IMR mutant exhibited resistance to ethanol, osmotic shock and oxidative stress, as well as increased sensitivity to UV. Moreover, it was noted that mutant EO25 appears to have an increased resistance to clotrimazole, ketoconazole, fluconazole, nystatin and cycloheximide. It also tolerated growth in the presence of crystal violet, DTT and metals (selenium, tin, arsenic). It was shown that the presence of IM decreased ergosterol level in mutant plasma membrane and increased its unsaturation. These results indicate changes in the cell lipid composition. Western blot analysis showed the induction of Pma1 level by IM. RT-PCR revealed an increased PMA1 expression after IM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Oblak
- Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, and Institute of Experimental Biology University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland,
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7
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Busse HJ. Review of the taxonomy of the genus Arthrobacter, emendation of the genus Arthrobacter sensu lato, proposal to reclassify selected species of the genus Arthrobacter in the novel genera Glutamicibacter gen. nov., Paeniglutamicibacter gen. nov., Pseudoglutamicibacter gen. nov., Paenarthrobacter gen. nov. and Pseudarthrobacter gen. nov., and emended description of Arthrobacter roseus. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2015; 66:9-37. [PMID: 26486726 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.000702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, the taxonomy of the genus Arthrobacter is discussed, from its first description in 1947 to the present state. Emphasis is given to intrageneric phylogeny and chemotaxonomic characteristics, concentrating on quinone systems, peptidoglycan compositions and polar lipid profiles. Internal groups within the genus Arthrobacter indicated from homogeneous chemotaxonomic traits and corresponding to phylogenetic grouping and/or high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities are highlighted. Furthermore, polar lipid profiles and quinone systems of selected species are shown, filling some gaps concerning these chemotaxonomic traits. Based on phylogenetic groupings, 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities and homogeneity in peptidoglycan types, quinone systems and polar lipid profiles, a description of the genus Arthrobacter sensu lato and an emended description of Arthrobacter roseus are provided. Furthermore, reclassifications of selected species of the genus Arthrobacter into novel genera are proposed, namely Glutamicibacter gen. nov. (nine species), Paeniglutamicibacter gen. nov. (six species), Pseudoglutamicibacter gen. nov. (two species), Paenarthrobacter gen. nov. (six species) and Pseudarthrobacter gen. nov. (ten species).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Jürgen Busse
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz, 1A-1210 Vienna, Austria
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8
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Kügler JH, Le Roes-Hill M, Syldatk C, Hausmann R. Surfactants tailored by the class Actinobacteria. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:212. [PMID: 25852670 PMCID: PMC4365757 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally the change towards the establishment of a bio-based economy has resulted in an increased need for bio-based applications. This, in turn, has served as a driving force for the discovery and application of novel biosurfactants. The class Actinobacteria represents a vast group of microorganisms with the ability to produce a diverse range of secondary metabolites, including surfactants. Understanding the extensive nature of the biosurfactants produced by actinobacterial strains can assist in finding novel biosurfactants with new potential applications. This review therefore presents a comprehensive overview of the knowledge available on actinobacterial surfactants, the chemical structures that have been completely or partly elucidated, as well as the identity of the biosurfactant-producing strains. Producer strains of not yet elucidated compounds are discussed, as well as the original habitats of all the producer strains, which seems to indicate that biosurfactant production is environmentally driven. Methodology applied in the isolation, purification and structural elucidation of the different types of surface active compounds, as well as surfactant activity tests, are also discussed. Overall, actinobacterial surfactants can be summarized to include the dominantly occurring trehalose-comprising surfactants, other non-trehalose containing glycolipids, lipopeptides and the more rare actinobacterial surfactants. The lack of structural information on a large proportion of actinobacterial surfactants should be considered as a driving force to further explore the abundance and diversity of these compounds. This would allow for a better understanding of actinobacterial surface active compounds and their potential for biotechnological application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes H. Kügler
- Technical Biology, Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyKarlsruhe, Germany
| | - Marilize Le Roes-Hill
- Biocatalysis and Technical Biology Research Group, Institute of Biomedical and Microbial Biotechnology, Cape Peninsula University of TechnologyBellville, South Africa
| | - Christoph Syldatk
- Technical Biology, Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyKarlsruhe, Germany
| | - Rudolf Hausmann
- Bioprocess Engineering, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of HohenheimStuttgart, Germany
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9
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Paściak M, Sanchez-Carballo P, Duda-Madej A, Lindner B, Gamian A, Holst O. Structural characterization of the major glycolipids from Arthrobacter globiformis and Arthrobacter scleromae. Carbohydr Res 2010; 345:1497-503. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2010.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2010] [Revised: 03/10/2010] [Accepted: 03/14/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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10
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Obłak E, Gamian A, Adamski R, Ułaszewski S. The physiological and morphological phenotype of a yeast mutant resistant to the quaternary ammonium salt N-(dodecyloxycarboxymethyl)-N,N,N-trimethyl ammonium chloride. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2010; 15:215-33. [PMID: 20140761 PMCID: PMC6275694 DOI: 10.2478/s11658-010-0002-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2009] [Accepted: 01/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the action of the quaternary ammonium salt (QAS) called IM (N-(dodecyloxycarboxymethyl)-N,N,N-trimethyl ammonium chloride) on Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cells. Changes in the yeast cell ultrastructure were confirmed by electron microscopy. We treated resistant mutant cells with QAS, and confirmed destruction of the mutant cytoplasm, an increase in the thickness of the cell wall, separation of the cell wall from the cytoplasm, and the accumulation of numerous lipid droplets. We also observed a relatively high production of lipids in the cells of the parental wild-type strain Sigma1278b and in its IM-resistant (IM(R)) mutant in the presence of the QAS. The IM(R) mutant showed increased sensitivity to CaCl(2) and SDS, and resistance to ethidium bromide, chloramphenicol, erythromycin and osmotic shock. It also tolerated growth at low pH. We suggest that the resistance to IM could be connected with the level of permeability of the cell membrane because the IM(R) mutant was sensitive to this compound in vivo in the presence of SDS and guanidine hydrochloride, which cause increased permeability of the cell plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Obłak
- Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wrocław, Poland.
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Hölzl G, Dörmann P. Structure and function of glycoglycerolipids in plants and bacteria. Prog Lipid Res 2007; 46:225-43. [PMID: 17599463 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2007.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2007] [Revised: 05/09/2007] [Accepted: 05/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Phosphoglycerolipids are abundant membrane constituents in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. However, glycoglycerolipids are the predominant lipids in chloroplasts of plants and eukaryotic algae and in cyanobacteria. Membrane composition in chloroplasts and cyanobacteria is highly conserved, with monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGD) and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGD) representing the most abundant lipids. The genes encoding enzymes of galactolipid biosynthesis have been isolated from Arabidopsis. Galactolipids are crucial for growth under normal and phosphate limiting conditions. Furthermore, they are indispensable for maximal efficiency of photosynthesis. A wide variety of glycoglycerolipids is found in different bacteria. These lipids contain glucose or galactose, in some cases also mannose or other sugars with different glycosidic linkages in their head group. Some bacterial species produce unusual glycoglycerolipids, such as glycophospholipids or glycoglycerolipids carrying sugar head groups esterified with acyl residues. A number of genes coding for bacterial glycoglycerolipid synthases have been cloned and the enzymes characterized. In contrast to the breadth of information available on their structural diversity, much less is known about functional aspects of bacterial glycoglycerolipids. In some bacteria, glycoglycerolipids are required for membrane bilayer stability, they serve as precursors for the formation of complex membrane components, or they are crucial to support anoxygenic photosynthesis or growth during phosphate deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Hölzl
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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12
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Paściak M, Holst O, Lindner B, Mierzchała M, Grzegorzewicz A, Mordarska H, Gamian A. Structural and serological characterization of the major glycolipid from Rothia mucilaginosa. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2004; 1675:54-61. [PMID: 15535967 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2004.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2004] [Revised: 08/06/2004] [Accepted: 08/20/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Structural studies on the major glycolipid isolated from Rothia mucilaginosa were carried out utilising specific chemical degradation, NMR spectroscopy and matrix-assisted laser-desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI TOF-MS). The glycolipid was found to be a dimannosylacylmonoglyceride in which the carbohydrate part was the glycerol-linked dimannoside alpha-D-Manp-(1-->3)-alpha-D-Manp-(1-->3)-sn-Gro (Man A-Man B-Gro), of which Man B was esterified at O-6 by a fatty acid residue. A second fatty acid substituted the secondary methylene position of the glycerol residue, in contrast to the glycolipid previously found in R. dentocariosa and Saccharopolyspora strains, in which the second fatty acid esterified the primary methylene position of glycerol. Results of the ELISA experiment with rabbit specific antibacterial sera indicate that these two major glycolipids are antigenic, and the patterns of serological reactivity are similar but not identical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariola Paściak
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, PL-53-114 Wrocław, Poland
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13
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Huang Y, Paściak M, Liu Z, Xie Q, Gamian A. Amycolatopsis palatopharyngis sp. nov., a potentially pathogenic actinomycete isolated from a human clinical source. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2004; 54:359-363. [PMID: 15023943 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.02685-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The taxonomic position of an actinomycete, strain 1BDZT, isolated from a clinical human source was determined using a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analysis based on almost complete 16S rDNA sequences showed that this organism consistently formed a distinct line with the Amycolatopsis methanolica subclade within the genus Amycolatopsis, and shared moderately low 16S rDNA similarity (<96·5 %) with other species. The organism was also found to have chemical and morphological properties typical of members of the genus Amycolatopsis. A range of phenotypic characteristics readily distinguished this strain from representatives of all species of Amycolatopsis with validly published names. On the basis of these data, a novel species, Amycolatopsis palatopharyngis sp. nov., is proposed to accommodate strain 1BDZT (=AS 4.1729T=PCM 2600T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, PR China
| | - Mariola Paściak
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Rudolfa Weigla 12, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Zhiheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, PR China
| | - Qiong Xie
- Institute of Space Medico-Engineering, Beijing 100094, PR China
| | - Andrzej Gamian
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Rudolfa Weigla 12, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland
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Ben-Menachem G, Kubler-Kielb J, Coxon B, Yergey A, Schneerson R. A newly discovered cholesteryl galactoside from Borrelia burgdorferi. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2003; 100:7913-8. [PMID: 12799465 PMCID: PMC164687 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1232451100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Two major glycolipids, which comprise approximately 36% of the total lipid mass from Borrelia burgdorferi, the etiological agent of Lyme disease, were investigated. We determined the fatty acid type, sugar identity, anomeric configuration, and substituent type and position. The structures were identified as cholesteryl 6-O-acyl-beta-d-galactopyranoside (B. burgdorferi glycolipid 1, BbGL-I), and 1,2-di-O-acyl-3-O-alpha-d-galactopyranosyl-sn-glycerol (BbGL-II). The major fatty acids were palmitate and oleate. The structures were corroborated by gas-liquid chromatography MS, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight spectroscopy, fast atom bombardment MS, detailed NMR spectrometry, and metabolic labeling. This is a previously undescribed demonstration of a cholesteryl galactoside in bacteria. Lipopolysaccharide was not detected in B. burgdorferi. The two glycolipids have several properties suggesting they may function as lipopolysaccharide: both are main components of the bacterial membrane, surface exposed, and have a three-domain structure. BbGL-I elicited specific antibodies in mice and rabbits, and BbGL-II elicited antibodies that reacted with both glycolipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gil Ben-Menachem
- Laboratory of Developmental and Molecular Immunity, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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