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Noubiap JJ, Nyaga UF, Middeldorp ME, Stokes MB, Sanders P. Cardiac imaging correlates and predictors of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation: a meta-analysis. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2024; 25:280-293. [PMID: 38407860 DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0000000000001608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND New nonclinical parameters are needed to improve the current stroke risk stratification schemes for patients with atrial fibrillation. This study aimed to summarize data on potential cardiac imaging correlates and predictors of stroke or systemic embolism in patients with atrial fibrillation. METHODS MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science were searched to identify all published studies providing relevant data through 16 November 2022. Random effects meta-analysis method was used to pool estimates. RESULTS We included 64 studies reporting data from a pooled population of 56 639 patients. Left atrial spontaneous echo-contrast [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 3.32, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.98-5.49], nonchicken wing left atrial appendage (LAA) morphology (aOR 2.15, 95% CI 1.11-4.18), left atrial enlargement (aOR 2.12, 95% CI 1.45-3.08), and higher LAA orifice diameter (aOR 1.56, 95% CI 1.18-2.05) were highly associated with stroke. Other parameters associated with stroke included higher left atrial sphericity (aOR 1.14, 95% CI 1.01-1.29), higher left atrial volume (aOR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01-1.04), higher left atrial volume index (aOR 1.014, 95% CI 1.004-1.023), lower left atrial reservoir strain [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 0.86, 95% CI 0.76-0.98], higher left ventricular mass index (aOR 1.010, 95% CI 1.005-1.015) and E / e' ratio (aOR 1.12, 95% CI 1.07-1.16). There was no association between LAA volume (aOR 1.37, 95% CI 0.85-2.21) and stroke. CONCLUSION These cardiac imaging parameters identified as potential predictors of thromboembolism may improve the accuracy of stroke risk stratification schemes in patients with atrial fibrillation. Further studies should evaluate the performance of holistic risk scores including clinical factors, biomarkers, and cardiac imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Jacques Noubiap
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Melissa E Middeldorp
- Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedar-Sinai Medical Centre, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Michael B Stokes
- Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Prashanthan Sanders
- Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
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Effect of mitral regurgitation on stroke risk in patients with non-rheumatic atrial fibrillation. Arch Cardiovasc Dis 2022; 115:448-456. [PMID: 36030169 DOI: 10.1016/j.acvd.2022.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation (AF) carries a thrombotic risk related to blood stasis in the left atrium. In patients with rheumatic valve disease and AF, the presence of severe mitral regurgitation (MR) has been shown to reduce the risk of atrial thrombosis and stroke. However, in patients without rheumatic disease, the results are controversial. AIM To analyse the association between MR and the incidence of stroke in patients with non-rheumatic AF. METHODS We analysed data from the retrospective CardioCHUVI-AF registry, which includes 15,720 patients with AF (without mechanical prostheses or rheumatic valvular disease) in the Vigo area of Spain, during 2014-2018. We grouped the patients according to MR grades: 0-2 (n=15,194) and 3-4 (n=526). We performed univariate and multivariable competitive risk analyses to analyse the association between MR and stroke, with death as the competitive event. RESULTS During a median (interquartile range [IQR]) follow-up of 4.9 (2.8-4.9) years, 859 patients (5.5%) suffered a stroke. The stroke incidence was 1.3 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.2-1.4), with no difference between the MR groups. In univariate analysis, no relationship was observed between MR grade and stroke (subdistribution hazard ratio [sHR]: 1.12, 95% CI: 0.79-1.60; P=0.53); likewise after multivariable analysis (sHR: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.68-1.41; P=0.90). This same relationship was evaluated in subgroups of interest (patients with and without: oral anticoagulation, CHA2DS2-VASc≥2, prior heart failure, aortic valve disease, left ventricular ejection fraction≤40%, and moderate-severe left atrial dilation), with results consistent with the overall population. CONCLUSION In our large registry of patients with non-rheumatic AF, we did not find a protective effect of grade 3-4 MR on the risk of stroke.
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Suwa Y, Miyasaka Y, Taniguchi N, Harada S, Nakai E, Shiojima I. Atrial fibrillation and stroke: importance of left atrium as assessed by echocardiography. J Echocardiogr 2022; 20:69-76. [DOI: 10.1007/s12574-021-00561-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Samaras A, Vrana E, Kartas A, Moysidis DV, Papazoglou AS, Doundoulakis I, Fotos G, Rampidis G, Tsalikakis DG, Efthimiadis G, Karvounis H, Tzikas A, Giannakoulas G. Prognostic implications of valvular heart disease in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2021; 21:453. [PMID: 34536990 PMCID: PMC8449469 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-021-02264-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Valvular heart disease (VHD) in non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF) is a puzzling clinical entity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic effect of significant VHD (sVHD) among patients with non-valvular AF. METHODS This is a post-hoc analysis of the MISOAC-AF trial (NCT02941978). Consecutive inpatients with non-valvular AF who underwent echocardiography were included. sVHD was defined as the presence of at least moderate aortic stenosis (AS) or aortic/mitral/tricuspid regurgitation (AR/MR/TR). Cox regression analyses with covariate adjustments were used for outcome prediction. RESULTS In total, 983 patients with non-valvular AF (median age 76 [14] years) were analyzed over a median follow-up period of 32 [20] months. sVHD was diagnosed in 575 (58.5%) AF patients. sVHD was associated with all-cause mortality (21.6%/yr vs. 6.5%/yr; adjusted HR [aHR] 1.55, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.17-2.06; p = 0.02), cardiovascular mortality (16%/yr vs. 4%/yr; aHR 1.70, 95% CI 1.09-2.66; p = 0.02) and heart failure-hospitalization (5.8%/yr vs. 1.8%/yr; aHR 2.53, 95% CI 1.35-4.63; p = 0.02). The prognostic effect of sVHD was particularly evident in patients aged < 80 years and in those without history of heart failure (p for interaction < 0.05, in both subgroups). After multivariable adjustment, moderate/severe AS and TR were associated with mortality, while AS and MR with heart failure-hospitalization. CONCLUSION Among patients with non-valvular AF, sVHD was highly prevalent and beared high prognostic value across a wide spectrum of clinical outcomes, especially in patients aged < 80 years or in the absence of heart failure. Predominantly AS, as well as MR and TR, were associated with worse prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Samaras
- 1st Department of Cardiology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, St. Kiriakidi 1, 54636, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleni Vrana
- 1st Department of Cardiology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, St. Kiriakidi 1, 54636, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anastasios Kartas
- 1st Department of Cardiology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, St. Kiriakidi 1, 54636, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios V Moysidis
- 1st Department of Cardiology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, St. Kiriakidi 1, 54636, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Andreas S Papazoglou
- 1st Department of Cardiology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, St. Kiriakidi 1, 54636, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Doundoulakis
- 1st Department of Cardiology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, St. Kiriakidi 1, 54636, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - George Fotos
- 1st Department of Cardiology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, St. Kiriakidi 1, 54636, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios Rampidis
- 1st Department of Cardiology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, St. Kiriakidi 1, 54636, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios G Tsalikakis
- Department of Informatics and Telecommunication Engineering, University of Western Macedonia, Kozani, Greece
| | - Georgios Efthimiadis
- 1st Department of Cardiology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, St. Kiriakidi 1, 54636, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Haralambos Karvounis
- 1st Department of Cardiology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, St. Kiriakidi 1, 54636, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Apostolos Tzikas
- 1st Department of Cardiology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, St. Kiriakidi 1, 54636, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Interbalkan European Medical Center, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - George Giannakoulas
- 1st Department of Cardiology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, St. Kiriakidi 1, 54636, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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A new risk model of assessing left atrial appendage thrombus in patients with atrial fibrillation - Using multiple clinical and transesophageal echocardiography parameters. Int J Cardiol 2020; 314:60-63. [PMID: 32305560 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2020.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Predicting left atrial appendage thrombus (LAAT) in non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) patients need more precisely quantified risk models. In this study, we attempted to review the risk markers for LAAT and develop a simple and reliable model for LAAT prediction. METHODS The study included 307 patients with NVAF who were scheduled for transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) to exclude LAA thrombus before synchronized electrical cardioversion or radiofrequency ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF). We analyzed the relationship between echo, clinical parameters and the presence or absence of LAAT. RESULTS A total of 33 patients were found having LAAT (10.7%, 33/307). The age, left atrial appendage emptying velocity (LAAEV), left atrial or left atrial appendage spontaneous echocardiographic contrast (SEC), less than moderate to severe mitral regurgitation (≤mild MR), and left atrial enlargement showed association with LAAT. The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that LAAEV, SEC and ≤mild MR were independent risk factors of the LAAT. We used LAAEV ≤ 21.5 cm/s, SEC and ≤mild MR to construct a combined predictive model for LAAT in NVAF patients (the area under receiver operator characteristic curve: 0.88; 95% confidence interval: 0.82-0.95, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Comprehensive evaluation of LAAEV, SEC, and MR with associated LAAT may help risk stratifying the NVAF patients, especially if the LAA imaging quality was suboptimal for identifying thrombus. These parameters may facilitate the decision-making process at the time of TEE.
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Aoki J, Suzuki K, Kanamaru T, Katano T, Sakamoto Y, Kutsuna A, Suda S, Nishiyama Y, Kimura K. Association between mitral regurgitation and clinical outcome after endovascular thrombectomy in stroke patients. Neurol Res 2020; 42:605-611. [PMID: 32497466 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2020.1773611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Some hyperacute stroke patients have unfavorable outcomes after endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) despite successful recanalization. We hypothesized that a cardiac parameter, moderate-to-severe mitral regurgitation (MR), might decrease the rate of favorable clinical outcome after EVT in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). METHOD From our prospective EVT registry, AF patients who underwent transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) were retrospectively analyzed. Based on the presence of moderate-to-severe MR, patients were assigned to either significant MR or nonsignificant MR group. The severity of MR was determined by the ratio of the color Doppler jet area to the left atrial area in mid-systole. Moderate-to-severe MR was estimated to be at a ratio of >20%. Favorable outcome was defined as having a modified Rankin Scale score of 0-1 at 3 months. RESULT 127 patients with AF who underwent TTE were included in the study. TTE results found that 25 (20%) patients had significant MR. Patients with significant MR were older (p = 0.051) and had enlarged left (p = 0.015) and right (p = 0.002) atria. Tricuspid and aortic regurgitation (p = 0.007 and 0.043, respectively) were more severe in significant MR group. At 3 months, favorable outcomes were 11% in the significant MR group and 26% in the non-significant MR group (p = 0.031). Multivariate regression analysis reported that moderate-to-severe MR was a negative predictor of favorable outcome (odds ratio = 0.14; 95% confidence interval = 0.02, 0.84; p = 0.031). CONCLUSIONS Significant MR might prevent the clinical recovery of AF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Aoki
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Suzuki
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Kanamaru
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takehiro Katano
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Sakamoto
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihito Kutsuna
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Suda
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nishiyama
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazumi Kimura
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
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Cresti A, Galli CA, Alimento ML, De Sensi F, Baratta P, D'Aiello I, Limbruno U, Pepi M, Fusini L, Maltagliati AC. Does mitral regurgitation reduce the risks of thrombosis in atrial fibrillation and flutter? J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2019; 20:660-666. [PMID: 31361652 DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0000000000000838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Blood stasis is the main cause of left atrial thrombosis (LAT) in atrial tachyarrhythmias. The high-velocity flow inside the left atrium, due to mitral valve regurgitation, may prevent clot formation but the topic has never been investigated in large-scale studies. The aim of our study was to evaluate whether the presence and degree of mitral regurgitation have a protective role against LAT risk. METHODS A total of 1302 consecutive adult patients with paroxysmal or persistent atrial fibrillation or flutter undergoing cardioversion, submitted to transesophageal echocardiography, were retrospectively enrolled in the study. The study population was divided into three groups according to the mitral regurgitation degree: absent, mild-to-moderate and severe. RESULTS Among 1302 patients enrolled in the study, patients without mitral regurgitation were 248 (19%), those with mild-to-moderate 970 (75%), whereas 84 had severe mitral regurgitation (6%). LAT incidence was significantly lower in patients with severe mitral regurgitation compared with those with mild-to-moderate (mitral regurgitation) (2.4 vs. 8.9%, P < 0.05), and similar to subjects without mitral regurgitation (2.4%). CONCLUSION Despite patients with severe regurgitation having clinical and echo characteristics predisposing to LAT (higher age, heart failure, higher atrial size, lower ventricular function) thrombosis prevalence was significantly lower than for those with mild-to-moderate mitral regurgitation. The percentage of LAT in severe mitral regurgitation cases was very low and similar to that of cases without regurgitation which were characterized by lower age, normal left ventricular function or other risk factors, reinforcing the hypothesis of a protecting role against atrial thrombosis of mitral regurgitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Cresti
- Cardioneurovascular Department, Grosseto Hospital, Azienda USL Toscana Sudest
| | | | | | - Francesco De Sensi
- Cardioneurovascular Department, Grosseto Hospital, Azienda USL Toscana Sudest
| | - Pasquale Baratta
- Cardioneurovascular Department, Grosseto Hospital, Azienda USL Toscana Sudest
| | - Incoronata D'Aiello
- Cardioneurovascular Department, Grosseto Hospital, Azienda USL Toscana Sudest
| | - Ugo Limbruno
- Cardioneurovascular Department, Grosseto Hospital, Azienda USL Toscana Sudest
| | - Mauro Pepi
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Laura Fusini
- Cardioneurovascular Department, Grosseto Hospital, Azienda USL Toscana Sudest
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Saito C, Minami Y, Arai K, Haruki S, Yagishita Y, Jujo K, Ashihara K, Hagiwara N. Prevalence, clinical characteristics, and outcome of atrial functional mitral regurgitation in hospitalized heart failure patients with atrial fibrillation. J Cardiol 2018; 72:292-299. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Vinereanu D, Wang A, Mulder H, Lopes RD, Jansky P, Lewis BS, Gersh BJ, Avezum A, Hanna M, Held C, Wallentin L, Granger CB, Alexander JH. Outcomes in anticoagulated patients with atrial fibrillation and with mitral or aortic valve disease. Heart 2018; 104:1292-1299. [DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2017-312272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveTo assess stroke/systemic embolism, major bleeding and other outcomes, and treatment effect of apixaban versus warfarin, in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and different types of valvular heart disease (VHD), using data from the Apixaban for Reduction in Stroke and Other Thromboembolic Events in Atrial Fibrillation trial.MethodsThere were 14 793 patients with known VHD status, categorised as having moderate or severe mitral regurgitation (MR) (n=3382), aortic regurgitation (AR) (n=842) or aortic stenosis (AS) (n=324); patients with moderate or severe mitral stenosis were excluded from the trial. Baseline characteristics, efficacy and safety outcomes were compared between each type and no significant VHD. Treatment effect was assessed using an adjusted model.ResultsPatients with MR or AR had similar rates of stroke/systemic embolism and bleeding compared with patients without MR or AR, respectively. Patients with AS had significantly higher event rates (presented as rate per 100 patient-years of follow-up) of stroke/systemic embolism (3.47 vs 1.36; adjusted HR (adjHR) 2.21, 95% CI 1.35 to 3.63), death (8.30 vs 3.53; adjHR 1.92, 95% CI 1.41 to 2.61), major bleeding (5.31 vs 2.53; adjHR 1.80, 95% CI 1.19 to 2.75) and intracranial bleeding (1.29 vs 0.51; adjHR 2.54, 95% CI 1.08 to 5.96) than patients without AS. The superiority of apixaban over warfarin on stroke/systemic embolism was similar in patients with versus without MR (HR 0.69, 95% CI 0.46 to 1.04 vs HR 0.79, 95% CI 0.63 to 1.00; interaction P value 0.52), with versus without AR (HR 0.57, 95% CI 0.27 to 1.20 vs HR 0.78, 95% CI 0.63 to 0.96; interaction P value 0.52), and with versus without AS (HR 0.44, 95% CI 0.17 to 1.13 vs HR 0.79, 95% CI 0.64 to 0.97; interaction P value 0.19). For each of the primary and secondary efficacy and safety outcomes, there was no evidence of a different effect of apixaban over warfarin in patients with any VHD subcategory.ConclusionsIn anticoagulated patients with AF, AS is associated with a higher risk of stroke/systemic embolism, bleeding and death. The efficacy and safety benefits of apixaban compared with warfarin were consistent, regardless of presence of MR, AR or AS.Clinical trial registrationARISTOTLE clinical trial number NCT00412984.
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Başaran Ö, Dogan V, Beton O, Tekinalp M, Aykan AÇ, Kalaycıoğlu E, Bolat I, Taşar O, Şafak Ö, Kalçık M, Yaman M, İnci S, Altıntaş B, Kalkan S, Kırma C, Biteker M. Impact of valvular heart disease on oral anticoagulant therapy in non-valvular atrial fibrillation: results from the RAMSES study. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2017; 43:157-165. [PMID: 27848065 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-016-1445-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The definition of non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) is controversial. We aimed to assess the impact of valvular heart disease on stroke prevention strategies in NVAF patients. The RAMSES study was a multicenter and cross-sectional study conducted on NVAF patients (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02344901). The study population was divided into patients with significant valvular disease (SVD) and non-significant valvular disease (NSVD), whether they had at least one moderate valvular disease or not. Patients with a mechanical prosthetic valve and mitral stenosis were excluded. Baseline characteristics and oral anticoagulant (OAC) therapies were compared. In 5987 patients with NVAF, there were 3929 (66%) NSVD and 2058 (34%) SVD patients. The predominant valvular disease was mitral regurgitation (58.1%), followed by aortic regurgitation (24.1%) and aortic stenosis (17.8%). Patients with SVD had higher CHA2DS2VASc [3.0 (2.0; 4.0) vs. 4.0 (2.0; 5.0), p < 0.001] and HAS-BLED [2.0 (1.0; 2.0) vs. 2.0 (1.0; 2.0), p = 0.004] scores compared to patients with NSVD. Overall, 2763 (71.2%) of NSVD and 1515 (73.8%) of SVD patients were on OAC therapy (p = 0.035). When the patients with SVD were analyzed separately, the mean CHA2DS2VASc and HAS-BLED scores were higher in patients with mitral regurgitation compared to patients with aortic regurgitation and aortic stenosis [4.0 (3.0; 5.0), 3.0 (2.0; 4.0), 3.0 (2.0; 4.0) p < 0.001 and 2.0 (1.0; 3.0), 1.0 (1.0; 2.0), 1.0 (0.0; 2.0) p < 0.001, respectively]. In patients with SVD, 65.7% of mitral regurgitation, 82.6% of aortic regurgitation and 88.0% of aortic stenosis patients were on OAC therapy. One out of three NVAF patients had at least one moderate valvular heart disease with the predominance of mitral regurgitation. Patients with SVD were at greater risk of stroke and bleeding compared to patients with NSVD. Although patients with mitral regurgitation should be given more aggressive anticoagulant therapy due to their higher risk of stroke, they are undertreated compared to patients with aortic valve diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özcan Başaran
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mugla Sitki Kocman Universitesi Tip Fakultesi, Orhaniye Mah. Haluk Özsoy Cad., 48000, Muğla, Turkey
| | - Volkan Dogan
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mugla Sitki Kocman Universitesi Tip Fakultesi, Orhaniye Mah. Haluk Özsoy Cad., 48000, Muğla, Turkey
| | - Osman Beton
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Tekinalp
- Department of Cardiology, Kahramanmaraş Necip Fazıl State Hospital, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Çağrı Aykan
- Department of Cardiology, Trabzon Ahi Evren Chest Cardiovascular Surgery Education and Research Hospital, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Ezgi Kalaycıoğlu
- Department of Cardiology, Trabzon Ahi Evren Chest Cardiovascular Surgery Education and Research Hospital, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Ismail Bolat
- Department of Cardiology, Fethiye State Hospital, Muğla, Turkey
| | - Onur Taşar
- Department of Cardiology, Elazığ Education and Research Hospital, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Özgen Şafak
- Department of Cardiology, Burdur State Hospital, Burdur, Turkey
| | - Macit Kalçık
- Department of Cardiology, İskilip Atıf Hoca State Hospital, Iskilip, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Yaman
- Department of Cardiology, Samsun Education and Research Hospital, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Sinan İnci
- Department of Cardiology, Aksaray State Hospital, Aksaray, Turkey
| | - Bernas Altıntaş
- Department of Cardiology, Diyarbakır Gazi Yaşargil Education and Research Hospital, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Sedat Kalkan
- Department of Cardiology, Gönen State Hospital, Gönen, Turkey
| | - Cevat Kırma
- Kartal Kosuyolu Heart Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Murat Biteker
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mugla Sitki Kocman Universitesi Tip Fakultesi, Orhaniye Mah. Haluk Özsoy Cad., 48000, Muğla, Turkey
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Breithardt G, Baumgartner H, Berkowitz SD, Hellkamp AS, Piccini JP, Lokhnygina Y, Halperin JL, Singer DE, Hankey GJ, Hacke W, Becker RC, Nessel CC, Mahaffey KW, Califf RM, Fox KAA, Patel MR. Native valve disease in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation on warfarin or rivaroxaban. Heart 2016; 102:1036-43. [PMID: 26888572 PMCID: PMC4941167 DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2015-308120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the characteristics and outcomes of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and aortic stenosis (AS) with patients with AF with mitral regurgitation (MR) or aortic regurgitation (AR) and patients without significant valve disease (no SVD). METHODS Using Rivaroxaban Once-Daily, Oral, Direct Factor Xa Inhibition Compared With Vitamin K Antagonism for Prevention of Stroke and Embolism Trial in Atrial Fibrillation (ROCKET AF) data, we analysed efficacy and safety outcomes, adjusting hazard ratios (HRs) for potential confounders using Cox regression analysis. RESULTS Among 14 119 intention-to-treat ROCKET AF trial patients, a trial that excluded patients with mitral stenosis or artificial valve prosthesis, 214 had AS with or without other valve abnormalities, 1726 had MR or AR and 12 179 had no SVD. After adjusting for prognostic factors, the composite of stroke, systemic embolism or vascular death increased approximately twofold in patients with AS (AS 10.84, MR or AR 4.54 and no SVD 4.31 events per 100 patient-years, p=0.0001). All-cause death also significantly increased (AS 11.22, MR or AR 4.90 and no SVD 4.39 events per 100 patient-years, p=0.0003). Major bleeding occurred more frequently in AS (adjusted HR 1.61, confidence intervals (CI) 1.03 to 2.49, p<0.05) and MR or AR (HR 1.30, 1.07 to 1.57, p<0.01) than in no SVD, but there was no difference between AS and MR or AR (HR 1.24, 0.78 to 1.97). The relative efficacy of rivaroxaban versus warfarin was consistent among patients with and without valvular disease. Rivaroxaban was associated with higher rates of major bleeding than warfarin in patients with MR or AR (HR 1.63, 1.15 to 2.31). CONCLUSIONS We found that patients with AF and AS on oral anticoagulants may have distinctly different efficacy and safety outcomes than patients with MR or AR or no SVD. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT00403767; Post-results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günter Breithardt
- Division of Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine,University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Helmut Baumgartner
- Division of Adult Congenital and Valvular Heart Disease, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine,University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Anne S Hellkamp
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jonathan P Piccini
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yuliya Lokhnygina
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Daniel E Singer
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Graeme J Hankey
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | | | - Richard C Becker
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Christopher C Nessel
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Raritan, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Robert M Califf
- Duke Translational Medicine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Keith A A Fox
- University of Edinburgh, and Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Manesh R Patel
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Di Biase L. Use of Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation and Valvular Heart Lesions. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5:JAHA.115.002776. [PMID: 26892528 PMCID: PMC4802477 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.115.002776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Di Biase
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine at Montefiore Hospital, Bronx, NY Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, TX Texas Cardiac Arrhythmia Institute at St. David's Medical Center, Austin, TX Department of Cardiology, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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Fauchier L, Philippart R, Clementy N, Bourguignon T, Angoulvant D, Ivanes F, Babuty D, Bernard A. How to define valvular atrial fibrillation? Arch Cardiovasc Dis 2015; 108:530-9. [PMID: 26184867 DOI: 10.1016/j.acvd.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) confers a substantial risk of stroke. Recent trials comparing vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) with non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) in AF were performed among patients with so-called "non-valvular" AF. The distinction between "valvular" and "non-valvular" AF remains a matter of debate. Currently, "valvular AF" refers to patients with mitral stenosis or artificial heart valves (and valve repair in North American guidelines only), and should be treated with VKAs. Valvular heart diseases, such as mitral regurgitation, aortic stenosis (AS) and aortic insufficiency, do not result in conditions of low flow in the left atrium, and do not apparently increase the risk of thromboembolism brought by AF. Post-hoc analyses suggest that these conditions probably do not make the thromboembolic risk less responsive to NOACs compared with most forms of "non-valvular" AF. The pathogenesis of thrombosis is probably different for blood coming into contact with a mechanical prosthetic valve compared with what occurs in most other forms of AF. This may explain the results of the only trial performed with a NOAC in patients with a mechanical prosthetic valve (only a few of whom had AF), where warfarin was more effective and safer than dabigatran. By contrast, AF in the presence of a bioprosthetic heart valve or after valve repair appears to have a risk of thromboembolism that is not markedly different from other forms of "non-valvular" AF. Obviously, we should no longer consider the classification of AF as "valvular" (or not) for the purpose of defining the aetiology of the arrhythmia, but for the determination of a different risk of thromboembolic events and the need for a specific antithrombotic strategy. As long as there is no better new term or widely accepted definition, "valvular AF" refers to patients with mitral stenosis or artificial heart valves. Patients with "non-valvular AF" may have other types of valvular heart disease. One should emphasize that "non-valvular AF" does not exclude patients with some types of valvular heart disease from therapy with NOACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Fauchier
- Service de cardiologie, faculté de médecine, université François-Rabelais, CHU Trousseau, Tours, France.
| | - Raphael Philippart
- Service de cardiologie, faculté de médecine, université François-Rabelais, CHU Trousseau, Tours, France
| | - Nicolas Clementy
- Service de cardiologie, faculté de médecine, université François-Rabelais, CHU Trousseau, Tours, France
| | - Thierry Bourguignon
- Service de cardiologie, faculté de médecine, université François-Rabelais, CHU Trousseau, Tours, France
| | - Denis Angoulvant
- Service de cardiologie, faculté de médecine, université François-Rabelais, CHU Trousseau, Tours, France
| | - Fabrice Ivanes
- Service de cardiologie, faculté de médecine, université François-Rabelais, CHU Trousseau, Tours, France
| | - Dominique Babuty
- Service de cardiologie, faculté de médecine, université François-Rabelais, CHU Trousseau, Tours, France
| | - Anne Bernard
- Service de cardiologie, faculté de médecine, université François-Rabelais, CHU Trousseau, Tours, France
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Philippart R, Brunet-Bernard A, Clementy N, Bourguignon T, Mirza A, Babuty D, Angoulvant D, Lip GY, Fauchier L. Prognostic value of CHA2DS2-VASc score in patients with ‘non-valvular atrial fibrillation’ and valvular heart disease: the Loire Valley Atrial Fibrillation Project. Eur Heart J 2015; 36:1822-30. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehv163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele De Caterina
- Institute of Cardiology and Center of Excellence on Aging, G. D'Annunzio University - Chieti, and G. Monasterio Foundation, Pisa, Italy
| | - A John Camm
- Division of Clinical Sciences, St George's University of London, London, UK
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Bang CN, Greve AM, Abdulla J, Køber L, Gislason GH, Wachtell K. The preventive effect of statin therapy on new-onset and recurrent atrial fibrillation in patients not undergoing invasive cardiac interventions: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Cardiol 2012; 167:624-30. [PMID: 22999824 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2012.08.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous meta-analyses suggest that pre-procedural use of statin therapy may reduce atrial fibrillation (AF) following invasive cardiac interventions (coronary artery by-pass grafting and percutaneous coronary intervention). However, the current evidence on the benefit of statins unrelated to invasive cardiac interventions has not been clarified systematically. METHODS Through a systematic literature search, trials examining the effect of statin therapy on AF were selected. Trials using statins before any percutaneous or surgical cardiac interventions were excluded. RESULTS The search identified 11 randomized and 16 observational eligible studies, totaling 106,640 patients receiving statin therapy and 129,305 serving as controls. Fourteen studies investigated the effect of statins on new-onset AF, 13 studies investigated the effect of statins on recurrent AF and one in both new-onset and recurrent AF. In the statin versus control group the mean age was 60.7 ± 8.3 versus 68.6 ± 6.2 years and females comprised 8.4% versus 10.3%. Statin therapy was associated with significant reduction of AF (Risk ratio (RR): 0.81 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.80-0.83], p<0.001) combining all studies. Assessing exclusively randomized trials, statin therapy showed no significant risk reduction (RR: 0.97 [95%CI: 0.90-1.05], p=0.509), heterogeneity p>0.05. Assessing exclusively observational studies the risk reduction of new-onset AF was 12% (RR: 0.88 [95%CI: 0.85-0.91], p<0.001) and recurrent AF 15% (RR: 0.85 [95%CI: 0.80-0.90], p<0.001), heterogeneity p<0.001. CONCLUSION The hitherto published randomized clinical trials do not support a beneficial effect of statins on AF in patients not undergoing invasive cardiac interventions. This is in contrast to the results of observational and interventional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casper N Bang
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Relation of the severity of mitral regurgitation to thromboembolic risk in patients with atrial fibrillation. Int J Cardiol 2011; 146:197-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2009.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2009] [Revised: 06/12/2009] [Accepted: 06/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Faris R, Coats AJS, Henein MY. Echocardiography-derived variables predict outcome in patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy with or without a restrictive filling pattern. Am Heart J 2002; 144:343-50. [PMID: 12177655 DOI: 10.1067/mhj.2002.123844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite recent therapeutic advances, patients with heart failure caused by dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) still have high morbidity and mortality rates. In this study, we sought to assess the prognostic value of echocardiographic variables in patients with DCM and to assess the impact of a restrictive left ventricle filling pattern. DESIGN We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 337 patients with DCM, using the Royal Brompton Hospital Echocardiography database for the years 1994 to 1998. METHODS AND RESULTS There were 337 patients with a mean age of 53 +/- 15 years. One hundred ninety-five patients (58%) had a restrictive left ventricle filling pattern (RFP). There was a total of 74 deaths (22%) during the follow-up period (43 +/- 25 months). RFP more than tripled the risk of death (adjusted hazard ratio 3.2, 95% CI 1.8-5.7, P =.003). RFP is correlated with isovolumic relaxation time, incoordinate wall-motion, amplitude of right ventricular long axis excursion on M-mode echocardiography, and mitral regurgitation. CONCLUSION RFP is a powerful independent predictor of mortality in patients with nonischemic DCM. The risk associated with RFP is greatest among patients who had short isovolumic relaxation time, mitral regurgitation, incoordinate wall-motion, and depressed amplitude of right ventricular long axis excursion. Thus, echocardiography-derived variables may stratify patients with heart failure with DCM who are at high risk, for whom aggressive medical treatment or heart transplantation should be considered early.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajaa Faris
- Department of Clinical Cardiology, National Heart and Lung Institute, The Royal Brompton Hospital, Imperial College School of Science, Technology, and Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
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