Mechanism for elemental carbon formation in molecular ionic liquids

Physical characteristics of capacitive carbons derived from the electrolytic reduction of alkali metal carbonate molten salts

Carbons have been synthesized through the reduction of molten carbonate systems under varied conditions. The mechanism and kinetics of carbon electrodeposition has been investigated. Carbon morphologies include amorphous, graphite-like, and spherical aggregate phases. Increased graphitic character is observed in carbons electrodeposited at more cathodic potentials, particularly at higher temperatures. Bonding has been investigated and oxygen functionalised sp² and sp³ structures have been identified. The level of functionalization decreases in carbons with reduced amorphous and increased graphitic character. Thermal decomposition of electrodepositied carbons has been investigated and zero order kinetics have been identified. A relationship has been identified between elevated oxygen functionalization and increased pseudo-capacitance, with carbons deposited at 0.15 A cm⁻² showing capacitances of 400 F g⁻¹ in 0.5 M H₂SO₄ at sweep rates of 10 mV s⁻¹.

Carbons have been synthesized through the reduction of molten carbonate systems under varied conditions.

Use of inorganic fluorinated materials in lithium batteries and in energy conversion systems

After a review on the wide variety of inorganic fluorinated components in modern technologies, in particular for energy conversion/storage systems, the use of fluorinated carbons as electrodes for primary lithium batteries will be highlighted; in particular conventional graphite fluorides will be compared to recently investigated fluorinated carbon nanoparticles (F-CNPs) prepared from electrochemical reduction of molten carbonates.

Syngas production: diverse H2/CO range by regulating carbonates electrolyte composition from CO2/H2O via co-electrolysis in eutectic molten salts

This work reports the simultaneous production of CO and H₂ with a broadened H₂/CO ratio range.

Carbon electrodeposition in molten salts: electrode reactions and applications

Carbon dioxide can be electrochemically reduced to carbon in molten carbonate salts, promising affordable energy, materials and environmental explorations.