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Kikani B, Patel R, Thumar J, Bhatt H, Rathore DS, Koladiya GA, Singh SP. Solvent tolerant enzymes in extremophiles: Adaptations and applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 238:124051. [PMID: 36933597 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Non-aqueous enzymology has always drawn attention due to the wide range of unique possibilities in biocatalysis. In general, the enzymes do not or insignificantly catalyze substrate in the presence of solvents. This is due to the interfering interactions of the solvents between enzyme and water molecules at the interface. Therefore, information about solvent-stable enzymes is scarce. Yet, solvent-stable enzymes prove quite valuable in the present day biotechnology. The enzymatic hydrolysis of the substrates in solvents synthesizes commercially valuable products, such as peptides, esters, and other transesterification products. Extremophiles, the most valuable yet not extensively explored candidates, can be an excellent source to investigate this avenue. Due to inherent structural attributes, many extremozymes can catalyze and maintain stability in organic solvents. In the present review, we aim to consolidate information about the solvent-stable enzymes from various extremophilic microorganisms. Further, it would be interesting to learn about the mechanism adapted by these microorganisms to sustain solvent stress. Various approaches to protein engineering are used to enhance catalytic flexibility and stability and broaden biocatalysis's prospects under non-aqueous conditions. It also describes strategies to achieve optimal immobilization with minimum inhibition of the catalysis. The proposed review would significantly aid our understanding of non-aqueous enzymology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavtosh Kikani
- Department of Biosciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot 360 005, Gujarat, India; Department of Biological Sciences, P.D. Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Changa 388 421, Gujarat, India
| | - Rajesh Patel
- Department of Biosciences, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat 395 007, Gujarat, India
| | - Jignasha Thumar
- Government Science College, Gandhinagar 382 016, Gujarat, India
| | - Hitarth Bhatt
- Department of Biosciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot 360 005, Gujarat, India; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Atmiya University, Rajkot 360005, Gujarat, India
| | - Dalip Singh Rathore
- Department of Biosciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot 360 005, Gujarat, India; Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre, Gandhinagar 382 010, Gujarat, India
| | - Gopi A Koladiya
- Department of Biosciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot 360 005, Gujarat, India
| | - Satya P Singh
- Department of Biosciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot 360 005, Gujarat, India.
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2
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Rodrigues RC, Berenguer-Murcia Á, Carballares D, Morellon-Sterling R, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Stabilization of enzymes via immobilization: Multipoint covalent attachment and other stabilization strategies. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 52:107821. [PMID: 34455028 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The use of enzymes in industrial processes requires the improvement of their features in many instances. Enzyme immobilization, a requirement to facilitate the recovery and reuse of these water-soluble catalysts, is one of the tools that researchers may utilize to improve many of their properties. This review is focused on how enzyme immobilization may improve enzyme stability. Starting from the stabilization effects that an enzyme may experience by the mere fact of being inside a solid particle, we detail other possibilities to stabilize enzymes: generation of favorable enzyme environments, prevention of enzyme subunit dissociation in multimeric enzymes, generation of more stable enzyme conformations, or enzyme rigidification via multipoint covalent attachment. In this last point, we will discuss the features of an "ideal" immobilization protocol to maximize the intensity of the enzyme-support interactions. The most interesting active groups in the support (glutaraldehyde, epoxide, glyoxyl and vinyl sulfone) will be also presented, discussing their main properties and uses. Some instances in which the number of enzyme-support bonds is not directly related to a higher stabilization will be also presented. Finally, the possibility of coupling site-directed mutagenesis or chemical modification to get a more intense multipoint covalent immobilization will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael C Rodrigues
- Biocatalysis and Enzyme Technology Lab, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, P.O. Box 15090, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Diego Carballares
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, ICP-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Roberto Fernandez-Lafuente
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, ICP-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain; Center of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, External Scientific Advisory Academics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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3
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Zhao H. What do we learn from enzyme behaviors in organic solvents? - Structural functionalization of ionic liquids for enzyme activation and stabilization. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 45:107638. [PMID: 33002582 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme activity in nonaqueous media (e.g. conventional organic solvents) is typically lower than in water by several orders of magnitude. There is a rising interest of developing new nonaqueous solvent systems that are more "water-like" and more biocompatible. Therefore, we need to learn from the current state of nonaqueous biocatalysis to overcome its bottleneck and provide guidance for new solvent design. This review firstly focuses on the discussion of how organic solvent properties (such as polarity and hydrophobicity) influence the enzyme activity and stability, and how these properties impact the enzyme's conformation and dynamics. While hydrophobic organic solvents usually lead to the maintenance of enzyme activity, solvents carrying functional groups like hydroxys and ethers (including crown ethers and cyclodextrins) can lead to enzyme activation. Ionic liquids (ILs) are designable solvents that can conveniently incorporate these functional groups. Therefore, we systematically survey these ether- and/or hydroxy-functionalized ILs, and find most of them are highly compatible with enzymes leading to high activity and stability. In particular, ILs carrying both ether and tert-alcohol groups are among the most enzyme-activating solvents. Future direction is to learn from enzyme behaviors in both water and nonaqueous media to design biocompatible "water-like" solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO 80639, United States.
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4
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Böhmer W, Volkov A, Engelmark Cassimjee K, Mutti FG. Continuous Flow Bioamination of Ketones in Organic Solvents at Controlled Water Activity using Immobilized ω-Transaminases. Adv Synth Catal 2020; 362:1858-1867. [PMID: 32421034 PMCID: PMC7217232 DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201901274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Compared with biocatalysis in aqueous media, the use of enzymes in neat organic solvents enables increased solubility of hydrophobic substrates and can lead to more favorable thermodynamic equilibria, avoidance of possible hydrolytic side reactions and easier product recovery. ω-Transaminases from Arthrobacter sp. (AsR-ωTA) and Chromobacterium violaceum (Cv-ωTA) were immobilized on controlled porosity glass metal-ion affinity beads (EziG) and applied in neat organic solvents for the amination of 1-phenoxypropan-2-one with 2-propylamine. The reaction system was investigated in terms of type of carrier material, organic solvents and reaction temperature. Optimal conditions were found with more hydrophobic carrier materials and toluene as reaction solvent. The system's water activity (aw) was controlled via salt hydrate pairs during both the biocatalyst immobilization step and the progress of the reaction in different non-polar solvents. Notably, the two immobilized ωTAs displayed different optimal values of aw, namely 0.7 for EziG3-AsR-ωTA and 0.2 for EziG3-Cv-ωTA. In general, high catalytic activity was observed in various organic solvents even when a high substrate concentration (450-550 mM) and only one equivalent of 2-propylamine were applied. Under batch conditions, a chemical turnover (TTN) above 13000 was obtained over four subsequent reaction cycles with the same batch of EziG-immobilized ωTA. Finally, the applicability of the immobilized biocatalyst in neat organic solvents was further demonstrated in a continuous flow packed-bed reactor. The flow reactor showed excellent performance without observable loss of enzymatic catalytic activity over several days of operation. In general, ca. 70% conversion was obtained in 72 hours using a 1.82 mL flow reactor and toluene as flow solvent, thus affording a space-time yield of 1.99 g L-1 h-1. Conversion reached above 90% when the reaction was run up to 120 hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley Böhmer
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, HIMS-BiocatUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | | | | | - Francesco G. Mutti
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, HIMS-BiocatUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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5
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Miranda-Molina A, Xolalpa W, Strompen S, Arreola-Barroso R, Olvera L, López-Munguía A, Castillo E, Saab-Rincon G. Deep Eutectic Solvents as New Reaction Media to Produce Alkyl-Glycosides Using Alpha-Amylase from Thermotoga maritima. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215439. [PMID: 31683666 PMCID: PMC6862209 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES) were investigated as new reaction media for the synthesis of alkyl glycosides catalyzed by the thermostable α-amylase from Thermotoga maritima Amy A. The enzyme was almost completely deactivated when assayed in a series of pure DES, but as cosolvents, DES containing alcohols, sugars, and amides as hydrogen-bond donors (HBD) performed best. A choline chloride:urea based DES was further characterized for the alcoholysis reaction using methanol as a nucleophile. As a cosolvent, this DES increased the hydrolytic and alcoholytic activity of the enzyme at low methanol concentrations, even when both activities drastically dropped when methanol concentration was increased. To explain this phenomenon, variable-temperature, circular dichroism characterization of the protein was conducted, finding that above 60 °C, Amy A underwent large conformational changes not observed in aqueous medium. Thus, 60 °C was set as the temperature limit to carry out alcoholysis reactions. Higher DES contents at this temperature had a detrimental but differential effect on hydrolysis and alcoholysis reactions, thus increasing the alcoholyisis/hydrolysis ratio. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the effect of DES and temperature on an enzyme in which structural studies made it possible to establish the temperature limit for a thermostable enzyme in DES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Miranda-Molina
- Departamento Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62250, Mexico.
| | - Wendy Xolalpa
- Departamento Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62250, Mexico.
| | - Simon Strompen
- Departamento Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62250, Mexico.
| | - Rodrigo Arreola-Barroso
- Departamento Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62250, Mexico.
| | - Leticia Olvera
- Departamento Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62250, Mexico.
| | - Agustín López-Munguía
- Departamento Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62250, Mexico.
| | - Edmundo Castillo
- Departamento Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62250, Mexico.
| | - Gloria Saab-Rincon
- Departamento Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62250, Mexico.
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6
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Xu WJ, Huang YK, Li F, Wang DD, Yin MN, Wang M, Xia ZN. Improving β-glucosidase biocatalysis with deep eutectic solvents based on choline chloride. Biochem Eng J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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7
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Tavano OL, Berenguer-Murcia A, Secundo F, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Biotechnological Applications of Proteases in Food Technology. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2018; 17:412-436. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Luisa Tavano
- Faculty of Nutrition; Alfenas Federal Univ.; 700 Gabriel Monteiro da Silva St Alfenas MG 37130-000 Brazil
| | - Angel Berenguer-Murcia
- Inorganic Chemistry Dept. and Materials Science Inst.; Alicante Univ.; Ap. 99 E-03080 Alicante Spain
| | - Francesco Secundo
- Istit. di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare; CNR; v. Mario Bianco 9 20131 Milan Italy
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8
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Modulating conversion of isoflavone glycosides to aglycones using crude beta-glycosidase extracts from almonds and processed soy. Food Chem 2017; 237:685-692. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.05.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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Belafriekh A, Secundo F, Serra S, Djeghaba Z. Enantioselective enzymatic resolution of racemic alcohols by lipases in green organic solvents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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10
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Roy I, Mukherjee J, Gupta MN. Cross-Linked Enzyme Aggregates for Applications in Aqueous and Nonaqueous Media. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1504:109-123. [PMID: 27770417 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6499-4_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Extensive cross-linking of a precipitate of a protein by a cross-linking reagent (glutaraldehyde has been most commonly used) creates an insoluble enzyme preparation called cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs). CLEAs show high stability and performance in conventional aqueous as well as nonaqueous media. These are also stable at fairly high temperatures. CLEAs with more than one kind of enzyme activity can be prepared, and such CLEAs are called combi-CLEAs or multipurpose CLEAs. Extent of cross-linking often influences their morphology, stability, activity, and enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ipsita Roy
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - Joyeeta Mukherjee
- Chemistry Department, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110 016, India
| | - Munishwar N Gupta
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110 016, India.
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11
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Zhang X, Pei J, Zhao L, Tang F, Fang X, Xie J. Overexpression and characterization of CCD4 from Osmanthus fragrans and β-ionone biosynthesis from β-carotene in vitro. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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12
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Swer TL, Chauhan K, Paul PK, Mukhim C. Evaluation of enzyme treatment conditions on extraction of anthocyanins from Prunus nepalensis L. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 92:867-871. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.07.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/30/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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13
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Moreira IP, Sasselli IR, Cannon DA, Hughes M, Lamprou DA, Tuttle T, Ulijn RV. Enzymatically activated emulsions stabilised by interfacial nanofibre networks. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:2623-31. [PMID: 26905042 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm02730f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
We report on-demand formation of emulsions stabilised by interfacial nanoscale networks. These are formed through biocatalytic dephosphorylation and self-assembly of Fmoc(9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl)dipeptide amphiphiles in aqueous/organic mixtures. This is achieved by using alkaline phosphatase which transforms surfactant-like phosphorylated precursors into self-assembling aromatic peptide amphiphiles (Fmoc-tyrosine-leucine, Fmoc-YL) that form nanofibrous networks. In biphasic organic/aqueous systems, these networks form preferentially at the interface thus providing a means of emulsion stabilisation. We demonstrate on-demand emulsification by enzyme addition, even after storage of the biphasic mixture for several weeks. Experimental (Fluorescence, FTIR spectroscopy, fluorescence microscopy, electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy) and computational techniques (atomistic molecular dynamics) are used to characterise the interfacial self-assembly process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês P Moreira
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure, Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral St, Glasgow G1 1xl, UK.
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14
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Castillo E, Casas-Godoy L, Sandoval G. Medium-engineering: a useful tool for modulating lipase activity and selectivity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/boca-2015-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe design of a specific reaction medium capable to enhance activity, stability, and productivity of biocatalysts has been a recurring topic of study during the last three decades. The remarkable properties and valuable applications of enzymes, especially lipases, have inspiried different strategies for improving their performance in near-anhydrous media. As lipases are the most frequently used enzymes in organic synthesis, understanding the influence of reaction media on their activity and selectivity is crucial. In this paper, we review the key features of lipases and demonstrate how medium-engineering is a useful tool to modulate the activity and selectivity of lipase-catalyzed reactions.
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15
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Yan EK, Cao HL, Zhang CY, Lu QQ, Ye YJ, He J, Huang LJ, Yin DC. Cross-linked protein crystals by glutaraldehyde and their applications. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra01722j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of cross-linked protein crystals using glutaraldehyde, and their properties and applications are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Er-Kai Yan
- Institute for Special Environmental Biophysics
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Space Biotechnology
- School of Life Sciences
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi'an 710072
| | - Hui-Ling Cao
- Institute for Special Environmental Biophysics
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Space Biotechnology
- School of Life Sciences
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi'an 710072
| | - Chen-Yan Zhang
- Institute for Special Environmental Biophysics
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Space Biotechnology
- School of Life Sciences
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi'an 710072
| | - Qin-Qin Lu
- Institute for Special Environmental Biophysics
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Space Biotechnology
- School of Life Sciences
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi'an 710072
| | - Ya-Jing Ye
- Institute for Special Environmental Biophysics
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Space Biotechnology
- School of Life Sciences
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi'an 710072
| | - Jin He
- Institute for Special Environmental Biophysics
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Space Biotechnology
- School of Life Sciences
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi'an 710072
| | - Lin-Jun Huang
- Institute for Special Environmental Biophysics
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Space Biotechnology
- School of Life Sciences
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi'an 710072
| | - Da-Chuan Yin
- Institute for Special Environmental Biophysics
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Space Biotechnology
- School of Life Sciences
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi'an 710072
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16
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Piotrowska U, Sobczak M. Enzymatic polymerization of cyclic monomers in ionic liquids as a prospective synthesis method for polyesters used in drug delivery systems. Molecules 2014; 20:1-23. [PMID: 25546617 PMCID: PMC6272625 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodegradable or bioresorbable polymers are commonly used in various pharmaceutical fields (e.g., as drug delivery systems, therapeutic systems or macromolecular drug conjugates). Polyesters are an important class of polymers widely utilized in pharmacy due to their biodegradability and biocompatibility features. In recent years, there has been increased interest in enzyme-catalyzed ring-opening polymerization (e-ROP) of cyclic esters as an alternative method of preparation of biodegradable or bioresorbable polymers. Ionic liquids (ILs) have been presented as green solvents in enzymatic ring-opening polymerization. The activity, stability, selectivity of enzymes in ILs and the ability to catalyze polyester synthesis under these conditions are discussed. Overall, the review demonstrates that e-ROP of lactones or lactides could be an effective method for the synthesis of useful biomedical polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Piotrowska
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, Warsaw 02-097, Poland.
| | - Marcin Sobczak
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, Warsaw 02-097, Poland.
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17
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Nath A, Subbiah K. Inferring biological basis about psychrophilicity by interpreting the rules generated from the correctly classified input instances by a classifier. Comput Biol Chem 2014; 53PB:198-203. [PMID: 25462328 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Organisms thriving at extreme cold surroundings are called as psychrophiles and they present a wealth of knowledge about sequence adjustments in proteins that had occurred during the adaptation to low temperatures. In this paper, we propose a new cascading model to investigate the basis for psychrophilicity. In this model, a superior classifier was used to discriminate psychrophilic from mesophilic protein sequences, and then the PART rule generating algorithm was applied on the input instances that are correctly classified by the classifier, to generate human interpretable rules. These derived rules were further validated on a structural dataset and finally analyzed to discover the underlying biological basis about the psychrophilicity. In this study, we have used one of the key features of psychrophilic proteins accountable for remaining functional in extreme cold temperature surroundings i.e., global patterns of amino acid composition as the input features. The rotation forest classifier outperformed all the other classifiers with maximum accuracy of 70.5% and maximum AUC of 0.78. The effect of sequence length on the classification accuracy was also investigated. The analysis of the derived rules and interpretation of the analyzed results had revealed some interesting phenomena such as the amino acids A, D, G, F, and S are over-represented, and T is under-represented in psychrophilic proteins. These findings augment the existing domain knowledge for psychrophilic sequence features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhigyan Nath
- Bioinformatics Section, Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
| | - Karthikeyan Subbiah
- Department of Computer Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
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18
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Induction, purification and characterization of a novel manganese peroxidase from Irpex lacteus CD2 and its application in the decolorization of different types of dye. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113282. [PMID: 25412169 PMCID: PMC4239052 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Manganese peroxidase (MnP) is the one of the important ligninolytic enzymes produced by lignin-degrading fungi which has the great application value in the field of environmental biotechnology. Searching for new MnP with stronger tolerance to metal ions and organic solvents is important for the maximization of potential of MnP in the biodegradation of recalcitrant xenobiotics. In this study, it was found that oxalic acid, veratryl alcohol and 2,6-Dimehoxyphenol could stimulate the synthesis of MnP in the white-rot fungus Irpex lacteus CD2. A novel manganese peroxidase named as CD2-MnP was purified and characterized from this fungus. CD2-MnP had a strong capability for tolerating different metal ions such as Ca2+, Cd2+, Co2+, Mg2+, Ni2+ and Zn2+ as well as organic solvents such as methanol, ethanol, DMSO, ethylene glycol, isopropyl alcohol, butanediol and glycerin. The different types of dyes including the azo dye (Remazol Brilliant Violet 5R, Direct Red 5B), anthraquinone dye (Remazol Brilliant Blue R), indigo dye (Indigo Carmine) and triphenylmethane dye (Methyl Green) as well as simulated textile wastewater could be efficiently decolorized by CD2-MnP. CD2-MnP also had a strong ability of decolorizing different dyes with the coexistence of metal ions and organic solvents. In summary, CD2-MnP from Irpex lacteus CD2 could effectively degrade a broad range of synthetic dyes and exhibit a great potential for environmental biotechnology.
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19
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Zhao D, Yue H, Chen G, Jiang L, Zhang H, Wang Z, Liu G. Enzymatic resolution of ibuprofen in an organic solvent under ultrasound irradiation. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2014; 61:655-9. [PMID: 24698427 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasound has been successfully adopted to improve the biocatalytic properties of APE1547 (a novel esterase from the archaeon Aeropyrum pernix K1) in the resolution of ibuprofen. After optimizing the conditions (ultrasound power, 200 W; temperature, 35 °C), the best biocatalytic performance of APE1547 (enzyme activity, 5.39 µmol/H/mg; E value, 130.8) was obtained. Compared with the conventional reaction in an orbital shaker, the enzyme activity was significantly enhanced about 90-fold, and the enantioselectivity was enhanced about fourfold after an ultrasound. The results of scanning electron microscopy clearly indicated that the activation effect of ultrasound on APE1547 originated mainly in the morphological change of the enzyme powder. Both lower particle size and conformational change of APE1547 under ultrasound might be helpful to enhance the enantioselectivity. In addition, APE1547 kept its best performance under the low-power ultrasound for at least five reaction cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dantong Zhao
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Urban Integrated Pest Management and Ecological Security, Shenyang University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
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20
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Heidlindemann M, Rulli G, Berkessel A, Hummel W, Gröger H. Combination of Asymmetric Organo- and Biocatalytic Reactions in Organic Media Using Immobilized Catalysts in Different Compartments. ACS Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/cs4010387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Heidlindemann
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Rulli
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestrasse 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Albrecht Berkessel
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstraße 4, 50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Werner Hummel
- Institute of Molecular
Enzyme Technology at the Heinrich-Heine-University of Düsseldorf,
Research Centre Jülich, Stetternicher
Forst, 52426 Jülich, Germany
| | - Harald Gröger
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestrasse 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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21
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Liu Y, Guo C, Liu CZ. Development of a mixed solvent system for the efficient resolution of (R, S)-2-octanol catalyzed by magnetite-immobilized lipase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2013.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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22
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Li F, Zhao D, Chen G, Zhang H, Yue H, Wang L, Wang Z. Enantioselective transesterification ofN-hydroxymethyl vince lactam catalyzed by lipase under ultrasound irradiation. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2013. [DOI: 10.3109/10242422.2013.857314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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23
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Morales JO, Joks GM, Lamprecht A, Ross AC, McConville JT. A design of experiments to optimize a new manufacturing process for high activity protein-containing submicron particles. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2013; 39:1793-801. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2012.737332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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24
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Gupta MN, Mukherjee J, Malhotra D. Use of high activity enzyme preparations in neat organic solvents for organic synthesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.7243/2053-7670-1-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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25
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Furukawa S, Hasegawa K, Fuke I, Kittaka K, Nakakoba T, Goto M, Kamiya N. Enzymatic synthesis of Z-aspartame in liquefied amino acid substrates. Biochem Eng J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2012.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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26
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Makshakova ON, Faĭzullin DA, Zuev IF. [Influence of dioxane on the hydration shell of polypeptides]. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2012; 38:300-5. [PMID: 22997701 DOI: 10.1134/s1068162012030107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Our interest in modifying influence of the low-molecular organic compounds on the hydration shell of biopolymers is due to a well-known fact that the former can act as regulators of the enzymatic activity changed the hydration shell of the latter. Dioxane was chosen because of its wide application in non-aqueous biocatalysis. In the present study we investigate the mechanisms of the dioxane influence on water of the first hydration layer of the model polypeptides by FTIR-spectroscopy during simultaneous sorption of water-dioxane vapors into the polypeptide films at low water activity. It was found that modification of the hydration shell of the studied polypeptides was mainly due to the indirect ordering ofpolypeptide secondary structure at penetration of dioxane molecules at these conditions.
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27
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Li XF, Lu ZH, Zhao GL, Wu H, Yu YG. A facile whole-cell biocatalytic approach to regioselective synthesis of monoacylated 1-β-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine: influence of organic solvents. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 114:6-11. [PMID: 22494574 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Revised: 03/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The lyophilized Pseudomonas fluorescens cell was an efficient alternative catalyst to enzymes for highly regioselective acylation of a polar nucleoside, 1-β-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-C). The cells showed an evident solvent dependence in the reaction. Among the tested solvents except for acetonitrile-pyridine, catalytic activity of the cells clearly increased with increasing the polarity of the organic solvents used. Among all the tested solvents both pure and binary, the best results were observed in isopropyl ether-pyridine system, in which the catalyst also showed good thermal and operational stabilities. For the biocataylsis in isopropyl ether-pyridine, the optimal isopropyl ether concentration, water content, acyl donor/ara-C ratio, biocatalyst dosage and reaction temperature were 30% (v/v), 4%, 45, 50mg/mL and 30 °C, respectively, under which the initial rate, yield and 5'-regioselectivity were 2.93 mM/h, 77.1% and 97.3%, respectively. The bacterial cells exhibited comparable 5'-regioselectivity to the expensive immobilized enzyme, which could also have environmental and cost advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-feng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, PR China
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28
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Lousa D, Cianci M, Helliwell JR, Halling PJ, Baptista AM, Soares CM. Interaction of Counterions with Subtilisin in Acetonitrile: Insights from Molecular Dynamics Simulations. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:5838-48. [DOI: 10.1021/jp303008g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Lousa
- Instituto
de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras,
Portugal
| | - Michele Cianci
- European Molecular
Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Outstation, c/o DESY, Building 25a, Notkestraße 85, 22603 Hamburg, Germany
| | - John R. Helliwell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United
Kingdom
| | - Peter J. Halling
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - António M. Baptista
- Instituto
de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras,
Portugal
| | - Cláudio M. Soares
- Instituto
de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras,
Portugal
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29
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Bridiau N, Maugard T. Bacillus circulans β-galactosidase catalyses the synthesis of N-acetyl-lactosamine in a hydro-organic medium via a steady-state ordered Bi Bi reaction mechanism. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2011.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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30
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Regioselective enzymatic procedure for preparing 3′-O-stearoyl-6-azauridine by using Burkholderia cepacia lipase. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-011-0483-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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31
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Fraga AS, Esteves AC, Micaelo N, Cruz PF, Brito RMM, Nutley M, Cooper A, Barros MMT, Pires EMV. Functional and conformational changes in the aspartic protease cardosin A induced by TFE. Int J Biol Macromol 2012; 50:323-30. [PMID: 22212471 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2011.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Revised: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Conformational and functional changes of cardosin A, an aspartic protease of vegetal origin, in the presence of 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE), were assessed. TFE induced alterations of cardosin activity and conformation that differed with the solvent concentration. MD simulations showed that there are significant local alterations in protein flexibility and TFE molecules were found to replace several hydration molecules in the active site of the enzyme. This may explain some of the activity loss observed in the presence of TFE, especially at low TFE concentrations, as well as the recovery of enzyme activity upon aqueous dilution, indicating the release of the TFE molecules from the active site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sofia Fraga
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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32
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Zhao H, Baker GA, Holmes S. Protease activation in glycerol-based deep eutectic solvents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 72:163-167. [PMID: 21909232 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2011.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) consisting of mixtures of a choline salt (chloride or acetate form) and glycerol are prepared as easily accessible, biodegradable, and inexpensive alternatives to conventional aprotic cation-anion paired ionic liquids. These DES systems display excellent fluidity coupled with thermal stability to nearly 200 °C. In this work, the transesterification activities of cross-linked proteases (subtilisin and α-chymotrypsin), immobilized on chitosan, were individually examined in these novel DESs. In the 1:2 molar ratio mixture of choline chloride/glycerol containing 3% (v/v) water, cross-linked subtilisin exhibited an excellent activity (2.9 μmo l min(-1) g(-1)) in conjunction with a selectivity of 98% in the transesterification reaction of N-acetyl-L-phenylalanine ethyl ester with 1-propanol. These highly encouraging results advocate more extensive exploration of DESs in protease-mediated biotransformations of additional polar substrates and use of DESs in biocatalysis more generally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhao
- Chemistry Program, Savannah State University, Savannah, GA 31404, USA
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33
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Gosling A, Stevens GW, Barber AR, Kentish SE, Gras SL. Effect of the substrate concentration and water activity on the yield and rate of the transfer reaction of β-galactosidase from Bacillus circulans. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:3366-3372. [PMID: 21375323 DOI: 10.1021/jf104397w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Prebiotic galactosyl oligosaccharides (GOS) are produced from lactose by the enzyme β-galactosidase. It is widely reported that the highest GOS levels are achieved when the initial lactose concentration is as high as possible; however, little evidence has been presented to explain this phenomenon. Using a system composed of the commercial β-galactosidase derived from Bacillus circulans known as Biolacta FN5, lactose and sucrose, the relative contribution of water activity, and substrate availability were assessed. Oligosaccharide levels did not appear to be affected by changes in water activity between 1.0 and 0.77 at a constant lactose concentration. The maximum oligosaccharide concentration increased at higher initial concentrations of lactose and sucrose, while initial reaction rates for transfer increased but remained constant for hydrolysis. This suggests that the high oligosaccharide levels achieved at the raised initial saccharide concentration are due to increases in reactions that form oligosaccharides rather than decreases in concurrent reactions, which degrade oligosaccharides. There were different effects from changing the initial concentration of lactose compared to sucrose, suggesting that the ability of lactose to act as a donor saccharide may be more important for increasing maximum oligosaccharide concentrations than the combined ability of both saccharides to act as galactosyl acceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Gosling
- The Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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34
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Verma ML, Azmi W, Kanwar SS. Enzymatic Synthesis of Isopropyl Acetate by Immobilized Bacillus cereus Lipase in Organic Medium. Enzyme Res 2011; 2011:919386. [PMID: 21603222 PMCID: PMC3092694 DOI: 10.4061/2011/919386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2010] [Accepted: 02/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective production of fragrance fatty acid ester from isopropanol and acetic acid has been achieved using silica-immobilized lipase of Bacillus cereus MTCC 8372. A purified thermoalkalophilic extracellular lipase was immobilized by adsorption onto the silica. The effects of various parameters like molar ratio of substrates (isopropanol and acetic acid; 25 to 100 mM), concentration of biocatalyst (25-125 mg/mL), reaction time, reaction temperature, organic solvents, molecular sieves, and initial water activity were studied for optimal ester synthesis. Under optimized conditions, 66.0 mM of isopropyl acetate was produced when isopropanol and acetic acid were used at 100 mM: 75 mM in 9 h at 55°C in n-heptane under continuous shaking (160 rpm) using bound lipase (25 mg). Addition of molecular sieves (3 Å × 1.5 mm) resulted in a marked increase in ester synthesis (73.0 mM). Ester synthesis was enhanced by water activity associated with pre-equilibrated saturated salt solution of LiCl. The immobilized lipase retained more than 50% of its activity after the 6th cycle of reuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madan Lal Verma
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla 171 005, India
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35
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Abstract
Extensive cross-linking of a precipitate of a protein by a cross-linking reagent (glutaraldehyde has been most commonly used) creates an insoluble enzyme preparation called cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs). CLEAs show high stability and performance in both conventional aqueous media as well as nonaqueous media. These are also stable at fairly high temperatures. CLEAs having more than one kind of enzyme activity can be prepared and such CLEAs are called combi-CLEAs or multipurpose CLEAs. Extent of cross-linking often influences their morphology, stability, activity, and enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munishwar N Gupta
- Chemistry Department, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, India.
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36
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Marton Z, Chaput L, Pierre G, Graber M. Lipase hydration state in the gas phase: Sorption isotherm measurements and inverse gas chromatography. Biotechnol J 2010; 5:1216-25. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201000272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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37
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Highly regioselective enzymatic synthesis of 5′-O-stearate of 1-β-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine in binary organic solvent mixtures. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 88:57-63. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-010-2705-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2010] [Revised: 05/24/2010] [Accepted: 05/28/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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38
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Artificial self-sufficient P450 in reversed micelles. Molecules 2010; 15:2935-48. [PMID: 20657456 PMCID: PMC6257473 DOI: 10.3390/molecules15052935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2010] [Revised: 04/14/2010] [Accepted: 04/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450s are heme-containing monooxygenases that require electron transfer proteins for their catalytic activities. They prefer hydrophobic compounds as substrates and it is, therefore, desirable to perform their reactions in non-aqueous media. Reversed micelles can stably encapsulate proteins in nano-scaled water pools in organic solvents. However, in the reversed micellar system, when multiple proteins are involved in a reaction they can be separated into different micelles and it is then difficult to transfer electrons between proteins. We show here that an artificial self-sufficient cytochrome P450, which is an enzymatically crosslinked fusion protein composed of P450 and electron transfer proteins, showed micelle-size dependent catalytic activity in a reversed micellar system. Furthermore, the presence of thermostable alcohol dehydrogenase promoted the P450-catalyzed reaction due to cofactor regeneration.
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39
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Zhao H, Song Z, Olubajo O. High transesterification activities of immobilized proteases in new ether-functionalized ionic liquids. Biotechnol Lett 2010; 32:1109-16. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-010-0262-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2010] [Accepted: 03/23/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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40
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Branco RJF, Graber M, Denis V, Pleiss JÃ. Molecular Mechanism of the Hydration ofCandida antarcticaLipase B in the Gas Phase: Water Adsorption Isotherms and Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Chembiochem 2009; 10:2913-9. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200900544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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41
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Influence of alcohols and osmolytes on thermal stability and catalytic activity of myoglobin: Co-solvent clustering effects. Chem Phys Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2009.09.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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42
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Biosynthesis of ethyl caproate and other short ethyl esters catalyzed by cutinase in organic solvent. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2009.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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43
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44
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Heinsman NWJT, Teixeira A, Van Der Weide PLJ, Franssen MCR, Van Der Padt A, De Groot A, Riet KV. ESTERIFICATION OF 4-METHYLOCTANOIC ACID WITH POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL AT DIFFERENTaw. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/10242420109105263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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45
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Hischer T, Steinsiek S, Ansorge-Schumacher MB. Use of polyvinyl alcohol cryogels for the compartmentation of biocatalyzed reactions in non-aqueous media. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10242420601040261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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46
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Stamatis H, Voutsas EC, Delimitsou C, Kolisis FN, Tassios D. Enzymatic Production of Alkyl Esters Through Lipase-Catalyzed Transesterification Reactions in Organic Solvents: Solvent Effects and Prediction Capabilities of Equilibrium Conversions. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/10242420009015249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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47
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Antoine Overbeeke PL, Koops BC, Verheij HM, Slotboom AJ, Egmond MR, Jongejan JA, Heijnen JJ. Activity And Enantioselectivity Of Modified Lipases In Organic Solvents. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/10242420009040122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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48
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Wang ZY, Li N, Zong MH. A simple procedure for the synthesis of potential 6-azauridine prodrugs by Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2009.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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49
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Wang ZY, Zong MH. Recognition of acyl donors by lipase CAL-B in the acylation of 6-azauridine. Biotechnol Prog 2009; 25:784-91. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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50
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Sarmento AC, Oliveira CS, Pereira A, Esteves VI, Moir AJ, Saraiva J, Pires E, Barros M. Unfolding of cardosin A in organic solvents and detection of intermediaries. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2008.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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