1
|
Nachtigall C, Surber G, Wefers D, Vogel C, Rohm H, Jaros D. Capsular Exopolysaccharides from Two Streptococcus thermophilus Strains Differ in Their Moisture Sorption Behavior. Foods 2023; 12:foods12030596. [PMID: 36766125 PMCID: PMC9914836 DOI: 10.3390/foods12030596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus thermophilus is a species frequently used in the manufacture of fermented milk. Apart from acid production, some strains additionally synthesize exopolysaccharides (EPS) which contribute to texture improvement and syneresis reduction, both being attributable to the EPS's high water binding capacity. There are two different types of EPS that may be produced, namely free exopolysaccharides (fEPS) which are secreted into the medium, and capsular EPS (cEPS) which remain attached to the bacterial cell wall. This study aims to analyze their individual contribution to techno-functional properties of fermented milk by determining the moisture sorption behavior of isolated fEPS and cell-attached cEPS from two S. thermophilus strains separately: ST-1G, a producer of non-ropy fEPS and cEPS, and ST-2E, a producer of ropy fEPS and cEPS. Differences in moisture load and sorption kinetics, determined for the first time for microbial EPS, were related to structural and macromolecular properties. The observed data are discussed by using previously published data on the physical properties of stirred fermented milk produced with these two strains. ST-1G EPS showed a higher cEPS fraction, a higher moisture load and slower moisture desorption than EPS produced by ST-2E, thus contributing to lower syneresis in fermented milk. For ST-2E, higher gel viscosity was related to a higher intrinsic viscosity and molecular mass of the ropy fEPS. Both strains produced complex EPS or EPS mixtures with clearly different molecular structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Nachtigall
- Institute of Natural Materials Technology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Georg Surber
- Institute of Natural Materials Technology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Daniel Wefers
- Institute of Chemistry, Food Chemistry–Functional Food, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Cordula Vogel
- Institute of Soil Science and Site Ecology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Harald Rohm
- Institute of Natural Materials Technology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-351-463-32420
| | - Doris Jaros
- Institute of Natural Materials Technology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chee WJY, Chew SY, Than LTL. Vaginal microbiota and the potential of Lactobacillus derivatives in maintaining vaginal health. Microb Cell Fact 2020; 19:203. [PMID: 33160356 PMCID: PMC7648308 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-020-01464-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human vagina is colonised by a diverse array of microorganisms that make up the normal microbiota and mycobiota. Lactobacillus is the most frequently isolated microorganism from the healthy human vagina, this includes Lactobacillus crispatus, Lactobacillus gasseri, Lactobacillus iners, and Lactobacillus jensenii. These vaginal lactobacilli have been touted to prevent invasion of pathogens by keeping their population in check. However, the disruption of vaginal ecosystem contributes to the overgrowth of pathogens which causes complicated vaginal infections such as bacterial vaginosis (BV), sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC). Predisposing factors such as menses, pregnancy, sexual practice, uncontrolled usage of antibiotics, and vaginal douching can alter the microbial community. Therefore, the composition of vaginal microbiota serves an important role in determining vagina health. Owing to their Generally Recognised as Safe (GRAS) status, lactobacilli have been widely utilised as one of the alternatives besides conventional antimicrobial treatment against vaginal pathogens for the prevention of chronic vaginitis and the restoration of vaginal ecosystem. In addition, the effectiveness of Lactobacillus as prophylaxis has also been well-founded in long-term administration. This review aimed to highlight the beneficial effects of lactobacilli derivatives (i.e. surface-active molecules) with anti-biofilm, antioxidant, pathogen-inhibition, and immunomodulation activities in developing remedies for vaginal infections. We also discuss the current challenges in the implementation of the use of lactobacilli derivatives in promotion of human health. In the current review, we intend to provide insights for the development of lactobacilli derivatives as a complementary or alternative medicine to conventional probiotic therapy in vaginal health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wallace Jeng Yang Chee
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Shu Yih Chew
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Leslie Thian Lung Than
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Capsular Polysaccharides of Lactobacillus spp.: Theoretical and Practical Aspects of Simple Visualization Methods. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2017. [PMID: 28643226 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-017-9295-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Lactobacillus strains can synthesize capsular polysaccharides (CPS), which are important substances in the dairy industry-they exhibit many important technological as well as health-promoting properties. Technological advancements have made it possible to detect bacterial capsules using costly and labor-intensive methods, such as serological reactions, molecular genetic techniques, and electron microscopy. Light microscopy, which is the method of interest in this paper, is one of the most widely accessible and cheapest techniques. CPS may be observed under a light microscope after staining bacterial cells and the background with a basic die and an acidic die, respectively (negative-positive staining), with the capsules remaining transparent. The literature offers many polysaccharide staining methods, but due to the considerable structural diversity of CPS and possible dye-capsule interactions, a suitable staining technique should be carefully selected for each strain. The current study showed that not all methods adequately reveal Lactobacillus CPS, with the most effective ones being those proposed by Hiss and Maneval.
Collapse
|
4
|
Influence of gallic acid and catechin polyphenols on probiotic properties of Streptococcus thermophilus CHCC 3534 strain. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-010-0393-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
5
|
Robitaille G, Moineau S, St-Gelais D, Vadeboncoeur C, Britten M. Detection and quantification of capsular exopolysaccharides from Streptococcus thermophilus using lectin probes. J Dairy Sci 2008; 89:4156-62. [PMID: 17033001 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(06)72460-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to use fluorescently labeled lectins to develop a convenient and reliable method to determine the relative abundance of capsular polysaccharides (CPS) at the surface of Streptococcus thermophilus MR-1C cells. Fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled peanut agglutinin isolated from Arachis hypogaea was found to interact specifically with the CPS of Strep. thermophilus MR-1C. This labeled lectin was then used as an effective probe to detect and quantify CPS. A fluorescence-based lectin-binding assay was successfully applied to follow the accumulation of CPS during the growth of Strep. thermophilus MR-1C in milk and in M17 broth supplemented with lactose. Our results showed that in both media, CPS production by Strep. thermophilus MR-1C began during the exponential phase of growth and continued for several hours after the culture reached the stationary growth phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Robitaille
- Food Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada, J2S 8E3.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hassan A. ADSA Foundation Scholar Award: Possibilities and Challenges of Exopolysaccharide-Producing Lactic Cultures in Dairy Foods. J Dairy Sci 2008; 91:1282-98. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2007-0558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
7
|
Robitaille G, Moineau S, St-Gelais D, Vadeboncoeur C, Britten M. Galactose metabolism and capsule formation in a recombinant strain of Streptococcus thermophilus with a galactose-fermenting phenotype. J Dairy Sci 2007; 90:4051-7. [PMID: 17699021 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2007-0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The capsule-producing, galactose-negative Streptococcus thermophilus MR-1C strain was first transformed with a low-copy plasmid containing a functional galK gene from Streptococcus salivarius to generate a recombinant galactose-fermenting Strep. thermophilus strain named MR-AAC. Then, we compared the functional properties of Strep. thermophilus MR-AAC with those of the parent MR-1C strain when used as starter for fermented products and cheese. In lactose-supplemented laboratory medium, MR-AAC metabolized galactose, but only when the amount of lactose was less than 0.1% (wt/vol). After 7 h of fermentation, the medium was almost depleted of galactose. The parent strain, MR-1C, showed the same pattern, except that the concentration of galactose decreased by only 25% during the same period. It was found that, during milk fermentation and Mozzarella cheese production, the galactose-fermenting phenotype was not expressed by MR-AAC and this strain expelled galactose into the medium at a level similar to the parent MR-1C strain. In milk and in lactose-supplemented medium, capsular exopolysaccharide production occurred mainly during the late exponential phase and the stationary growth phase with similar kinetics between MR-1C and MR-AAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Robitaille
- Food Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, St-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada, J2S 8E3.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tiwari P, Misra AK. Synthesis of oligosaccharide fragments corresponding to the exopolysaccharide released by Streptococcus macedonicus Sc 136. Glycoconj J 2007; 25:85-99. [PMID: 17659442 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-007-9056-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2007] [Revised: 06/04/2007] [Accepted: 06/08/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Hexa-, penta- and tetrasaccharide fragments related to the repeating unit of the exopolysaccharide secreted by Streptococcus macedonicus Sc 136 were synthesized in a very efficient manner involving minimum number of steps. A general glycosylation condition has been applied for all glycosylation steps and yields were excellent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Tiwari
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, Central Drug Research Institute, Chattar Manzil Palace, Lucknow 226 001, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
AMATAYAKUL THANUT, SHERKAT FRANK, SHAH NAGENDRAP. Syneresis in set yogurt as affected by EPS starter cultures and levels of solids. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0307.2006.00264.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
10
|
Vaningelgem F, Zamfir M, Adriany T, De Vuyst L. Fermentation conditions affecting the bacterial growth and exopolysaccharide production by Streptococcus thermophilus ST 111 in milk-based medium. J Appl Microbiol 2005; 97:1257-73. [PMID: 15546417 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2004.02418.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To study the effect of different fermentation conditions and to model the effect of temperature and pH on different biokinetic parameters of bacterial growth and exopolysaccharides (EPS) production of Streptococcus thermophilus ST 111 in milk-based medium. METHODS AND RESULTS The influence of temperature and pH was studied through fermentation and modelling. Fermentations under non-pH controlled conditions with S. thermophilus ST 111 indicated that the EPS production was low in milk medium, even if additional nitrogen sources were supplemented. Under pH-controlled conditions, addition of whey protein hydrolysate to the milk medium resulted in a fivefold increase of the EPS production. This medium did not contain polysaccharides interfering with EPS isolation. Primary and secondary modelling of different fermentations revealed an optimum temperature and pH of 40 degrees C and constant pH 6.2, respectively, for growth in milk medium supplemented with whey protein hydrolysate. Maximum EPS production was observed in the range of 32-42 degrees C and constant pH 5.5-6.6. Whereas growth and maximum EPS production were clearly influenced by temperature and pH, the specific EPS production was only affected by stress conditions (T = 49 degrees C). CONCLUSIONS Addition of whey protein hydrolysate to milk medium resulted in an increased growth and EPS production of S. thermophilus ST 111 under pH-controlled conditions. A modelling approach allowed studying the influence of temperature and pH on the kinetics of both growth and EPS production. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The use of an appropriate milk-based medium and a combined model of temperature and pH can be of practical importance for the production of yoghurt or other fermented milks as well as for process optimization of the large-scale production of starter strains to be used for their EPS production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Vaningelgem
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Research Group of Industrial Microbiology, Fermentation Technology and Downstream Processing, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Carvalho AS, Silva J, Ho P, Teixeira P, Malcata FX, Gibbs P. Effects of various sugars added to growth and drying media upon thermotolerance and survival throughout storage of freeze-dried Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus. Biotechnol Prog 2004; 20:248-54. [PMID: 14763849 DOI: 10.1021/bp034165y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this research effort was to investigate the role of various sugar substrates in the growth medium upon thermotolerance and upon survival during storage after freeze-drying of Lactobacillus bulgaricus. Addition of the sugars tested to the growth medium, and of these and sorbitol to the drying medium (skim milk) was investigated so as to determine whether a relationship exists between growth and drying media, in terms of protection of freeze-dried cells throughout storage. The lowest decrease in viability of L. bulgaricus cells after freeze-drying was obtained when that organism was grown in the presence of mannose. However, L. bulgaricus clearly survived better during storage when cells had been grown in the presence of fructose, lactose or mannose rather than glucose (the standard sugar in the growth medium). A similar effect could not be observed in terms of thermotolerance; in this case, the growth medium supplemented with lactose was found to yield cells bearing the highest heat resistance. Supplementation of the drying medium with glucose, fructose, lactose, mannose or sorbitol led in most cases to enhancement of protection during storage, to a degree that was growth medium-dependent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana S Carvalho
- Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, P-4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Carvalho AS, Silva J, Ho P, Teixeira P, Malcata F, Gibbs P. Relevant factors for the preparation of freeze-dried lactic acid bacteria. Int Dairy J 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2004.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
13
|
Degeest B, Vaningelgem F, De Vuyst L. Microbial physiology, fermentation kinetics, and process engineering of heteropolysaccharide production by lactic acid bacteria. Int Dairy J 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0958-6946(01)00118-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|