1
|
Nyarko EB, Donnelly CW. Listeria monocytogenes: Strain Heterogeneity, Methods, and Challenges of Subtyping. J Food Sci 2015; 80:M2868-78. [PMID: 26588067 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a food-borne bacterial pathogen that is associated with 20% to 30% case fatality rate. L. monocytogenes is a genetically heterogeneous species, with a small fraction of strains (serotypes 1/2a, 1/2b, 4b) implicated in human listeriosis. Monitoring and source tracking of L. monocytogenes involve the use of subtyping methods, with the performance of genetic-based methods found to be superior to phenotypic-based ones. Various methods have been used to subtype L. monocytogenes isolates, with the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) being the gold standard. Although PFGE has had a massive impact on food safety through the establishment of the PulseNet, there is no doubt that whole genome sequence (WGS) typing is accurate, has a discriminatory power superior to any known method, and allows genome-wide differences between strains to be quantified through the comparison of nucleotide sequences. This review focuses on the different techniques that have been used to type L. monocytogenes strains, their performance challenges, and the tremendous impact WGS typing could have on the food safety landscape.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esmond B Nyarko
- Dept. of Animal and Food Science, Univ. of Delaware, 044 Townsend Hall, 531 S. College Avenue, Newark, Del., 19716, U.S.A
| | - Catherine W Donnelly
- Dept. of Nutrition and Food Science, Univ. of Vermont, 109 Carrigan Drive, 256 Carrigan Wing, Burlington, Vt., 05405, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abstract
The pathologic evaluation of spinal cord infections requires comprehensive clinical, radiological, and laboratory correlation, because the histologic findings in acute, chronic, or granulomatous infections rarely provide clues for the specific cause. This brief review focuses on the pathologic mechanisms as well as practical issues in the diagnosis and reporting of infections of the spinal cord. Examples are provided of the common infectious agents and methods for their diagnosis. By necessity, discussion is restricted to the infections of the medulla spinalis proper and its meninges, and not bone or soft tissue infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tarik Tihan
- Neuropathology Division, Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, Room M551, 505 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143-0102, USA; Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hadjilouka A, Andritsos ND, Paramithiotis S, Mataragas M, Drosinos EH. Listeria monocytogenes serotype prevalence and biodiversity in diverse food products. J Food Prot 2014; 77:2115-20. [PMID: 25474059 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-14-072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess serotype prevalence and biodiversity of Listeria monocytogenes strains isolated from diverse food products, i.e., minced pork, fruits, and vegetables. Three hundred twenty-six samples previously purchased from supermarkets and street markets within the Athens area were studied for L. monocytogenes prevalence. A total of 121 strains were isolated from the 36 samples that were positive for L. monocytogenes. Serotyping was performed with multiplex PCR, and biodiversity was assessed with random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) PCR analysis using M13, UBC155, and HLWL85 as primers and with repetitive element palindromic (rep) PCR analysis using (GTG)5 as the primer. The majority (17 of 22) of the contaminated minced pork samples contained strains identified as serotype 1/2a, either alone or in combination with strains belonging to serotypes 1/2b, 4a, 4c, or 4ab. However, all L. monocytogenes isolates from fruits and vegetables belonged to serotype 4b. Rep-PCR provided better differentiation of the isolates than did RAPD PCR and resulted in discrimination of the isolates into a larger number of unique profiles. Complete differentiation was achieved only with the combination of these subtyping techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agni Hadjilouka
- Laboratory of Food Quality Control and Hygiene, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, GR-118 55 Athens, Greece.
| | - Nikolaos D Andritsos
- Laboratory of Food Quality Control and Hygiene, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, GR-118 55 Athens, Greece
| | - Spiros Paramithiotis
- Laboratory of Food Quality Control and Hygiene, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, GR-118 55 Athens, Greece
| | - Marios Mataragas
- Laboratory of Food Quality Control and Hygiene, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, GR-118 55 Athens, Greece
| | - Eleftherios H Drosinos
- Laboratory of Food Quality Control and Hygiene, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, GR-118 55 Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Keeratipibul S, Techaruwichit P. Tracking sources of Listeria contamination in a cooked chicken meat factory by PCR-RAPD-based DNA fingerprinting. Food Control 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2012.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
5
|
Spoilage microbiota associated to the storage of raw meat in different conditions. Int J Food Microbiol 2012; 157:130-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2012.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 365] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Revised: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
|
6
|
Jadhav S, Bhave M, Palombo EA. Methods used for the detection and subtyping of Listeria monocytogenes. J Microbiol Methods 2012; 88:327-41. [PMID: 22261140 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2012.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2011] [Revised: 12/30/2011] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is an important foodborne pathogen responsible for non-invasive and invasive diseases in the elderly, pregnant women, neonates and immunocompromised populations. This bacterium has many similarities with other non-pathogenic Listeria species which makes its detection from food and environmental samples challenging. Subtyping of L. monocytogenes strains can prove to be crucial in epidemiological investigations, source tracking contamination from food processing plants and determining evolutionary relationships between different strains. In recent years there has been a shift towards the use of molecular subtyping. This has led to the development of new subtyping techniques such as multi-locus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) and multi-locus sequence based typing (MLST). This review focuses on the available methods for Listeria detection including immuno-based techniques and the more recently developed molecular methods and analytical techniques such as matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight based mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). It also includes a comparison and critical analysis of the available phenotypic and genotypic subtyping techniques that have been investigated for L. monocytogenes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Snehal Jadhav
- Environment and Biotechnology Centre, Faculty of Life and Social Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, PO Box 218, Hawthorn 3122, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Andrade RD, Gemelli T, Dall Onder L, Cristina K, Brito TD, Barboza A, Brito BD. MÉTODOS DIAGNÓSTICOS PARA OS PATÓGENOS ALIMENTARES: CAMPYLOBACTER SP., SALMONELLA SP. E LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES. ARQUIVOS DO INSTITUTO BIOLÓGICO 2010. [DOI: 10.1590/1808-1657v77p7412010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO Os métodos moleculares de detecção rápida e eficaz de lotes de aves infectados por bactérias como Salmonella sp. Campylobacter sp. e Listeria monocytogenes são importantes para reduzir a frequência da transmissão destes patógenos entre os lotes de aves e aos consumidores de produtos de origem animal. Recentemente, as técnicas de biologia molecular, em especial a reação em cadeia polimerase, que permite a amplificação específica de segmentos de DNA, têm possibilitado novos rumos na identificação de bactérias supracitadas, reduzindo o tempo de cultivo e ampliando a confiabilidade das provas diagnósticas. A utilização da biologia molecular por laboratórios de diagnóstico humano e animal, assim como em programas de controle de qualidade de alimentos e produtos de origem animal, já é realidade e tende a se expandir rapidamente. O objetivo deste artigo é fazer uma breve revisão dos testes diagnósticos convencionais e moleculares para identificar Campylobacter sp., Salmonella sp. e Listeria monocytogenes. Concluindo, o diagnóstico molecular é um campo em avanço científico e tecnológico, no qual novas técnicas moleculares estão em desenvolvimento para o diagnóstico de bactérias em alimentos.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R.B. de Andrade
- Instituto de Pesquisa Veterinária “Desidério Finamor”, Brasil
| | - T. Gemelli
- Instituto de Pesquisa Veterinária “Desidério Finamor”, Brasil
| | | | - K. Cristina
- Instituto de Pesquisa Veterinária “Desidério Finamor”, Brasil
| | - T. de Brito
- Instituto de Pesquisa Veterinária “Desidério Finamor”, Brasil
| | - A.A.L. Barboza
- Instituto de Pesquisa Veterinária “Desidério Finamor”, Brasil
| | - B.G. de Brito
- Instituto de Pesquisa Veterinária “Desidério Finamor”, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Albufera U, Bhugaloo-Vial P, Issack MI, Jaufeerally-Fakim Y. Molecular characterization of Salmonella isolates by REP-PCR and RAPD analysis. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2007; 9:322-7. [PMID: 18243815 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2007.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2007] [Revised: 12/10/2007] [Accepted: 12/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Eighteen Salmonella isolates from both human and food (non-human) sources (fish, meat, and poultry) were characterized using conventional culture methods, biochemical, serological, and molecular analyses. REP-PCR and RAPD produced DNA profiles for differentiation purposes. Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC), repetitive extragenic palindronic (REP) and BOXAIR primers were selected for REP-PCR and two arbitrary primers, namely OPP-16 and OPS-11 were used for RAPD to generate DNA fingerprints from the Salmonella isolates. REP-PCR method showed greater discriminatory power in differentiating closely related strains of the related strains of Salmonella and produced more complex banding patterns as compared with RAPD. A dendogram was constructed with both sets of profiles using SPSS Version 13.0 computer software and showed that most human isolates were separately clustered from the non-human isolates. Two of the human isolates were closely related to some of the non-human isolates. A good correlation was also observed between the serogrouping of the O antigen and the molecular profiles obtained from REP-PCR and RAPD data of the Salmonella isolates. The results of a principal coordinate analysis (PCA) corresponded to the clustering in the dendrogram.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- U Albufera
- Agricultural and Food Sciences Department, University of Mauritius, Reduit, Mauritius
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ozbey G, Ertas HB, Kok F. Prevalence of Listeria species in camel sausages from retail markets in Aydin province in Turkey and RAPD analysis of Listeria monocytogenes isolates. Ir Vet J 2006; 59:342-4. [PMID: 21851683 PMCID: PMC3113886 DOI: 10.1186/2046-0481-59-6-342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Samples were taken from 100 camel sausages from the different retail markets in Aydin province in the south-west of Turkey and they were tested for the presence of Listeria spp by biochemical methods. Samples were enriched using Listeria Enrichment Broth and they were inoculated onto Listeria Selective Agar. Listeria monocytogenes was isolated from nine samples (9%), Listeria innocua from 14 samples (14%) and Listeria welshimeri from two samples(2%). A 701 bp fragment of listeriolysin O sequence for L. monocytogenes was amplified using specific primers by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for confirmation of the identification. A random primer (OPA-11) was used in a random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assay. This detected five different band profiles amongst the L. monocytogenes isolates, indicating a relatively large amount of genetic heterogeneity amongst the nine isolates. The study has highlighted the need for improved strategies for food safety, in particular appropriate hygienic precautions to avoid contamination of sausage during the manufacturing process and appropriate preservation techniques during storage and transport, to prevent transmission of Listeria spp to consumers at home and abroad.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gokben Ozbey
- Vocational School of Health Services, University of Firat, 23119 Elazig/Turkey.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cao J, Cronin C, McLandsborough L, Levin RE. Effects of Primers andTaqPolymerase on Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA Analysis for TypingListeria monocytogenesFrom the Environment of a Shrimp Processing Plant. FOOD BIOTECHNOL 2005. [DOI: 10.1080/08905430500316458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
11
|
Zhou X, Jiao X. Investigation of Listeria monocytogenes contamination pattern in local Chinese food market and the tracing of two clinical isolates by RAPD analysis. Food Microbiol 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2004.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
12
|
Carminati D, Perrone A, Giraffa G, Neviani E, Mucchetti G. Characterization of Listeria monocytogenes strains isolated from Gorgonzola cheese rinds. Food Microbiol 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2004.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
13
|
Revazishvili T, Kotetishvili M, Stine OC, Kreger AS, Morris JG, Sulakvelidze A. Comparative analysis of multilocus sequence typing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis for characterizing Listeria monocytogenes strains isolated from environmental and clinical sources. J Clin Microbiol 2004; 42:276-85. [PMID: 14715765 PMCID: PMC321703 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.42.1.276-285.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
One hundred seventy-five Listeria monocytogenes strains were characterized by serotyping, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) based on loci in actA, betL, hlyA, gyrB, pgm, and recA. One hundred twenty-two sequence types (STs) were identified by MLST based on allelic profiles of the four housekeeping genes (betL, gyrB, pgm, and recA), and 34 and 38 alleles were identified for hlyA and actA, respectively. Several actA and hlyA alleles appeared to be predominantly associated with clinical isolates. MLST differentiated most of the L. monocytogenes strains better than did PFGE, and the discriminating ability of PFGE was better than that of serotyping. Several strains with different serotypes were found, by MLST and PFGE, to have very closely related genetic backgrounds, which suggested possible "antigen switching" among them. MLST can be a useful typing tool for differentiating L. monocytogenes strains (including strains undistinguishable by PFGE typing and serotyping), and it may be of value during investigations of food-borne outbreaks of listeriosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Revazishvili
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|