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Bajpai B, Chaudhary M, Saxena J. Production and Characterization of α-Amylase from an Extremely Halophilic Archaeon, Haloferax sp. HA10. Food Technol Biotechnol 2015; 53:11-17. [PMID: 27904327 DOI: 10.17113/ftb.53.01.15.3824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Haloarchaea are found at very high concentrations in salt-conditioned environments, hence produce enzymes which are able to catalyze reactions under harsh conditions, typical of many industrial processes. In the present study, culture conditions for extracellular amylase production from Haloarchaea isolated from a solar saltern were optimized and the purified enzyme was characterized. Haloferax sp. HA10 showed maximum amylase production at 3 M NaCl, 37 °C, pH=7 and 1% starch content. Purified α-amylase was a calcium-dependent enzyme with an estimated molecular mass of about 66 kDa and many industrially useful properties. It was found to be stable in a broad range of pH (from 5 to 9) and NaCl concentrations (from 0.5 to 3.0 M), retaining 48% activity even at 4 M. The optimal temperature for Haloferax sp. HA10 amylase activity was 55 °C (99% activity), and 57% activity was retained at 80 °C, which dropped to 44% with the increase of temperature to 90 or 100 °C. It was able to sustain various surfactants and detergents. To the best of our knowledge the detergent-stable α-amylases from halophilic archaeon have not been reported yet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhakti Bajpai
- Department of Biotechnology, Ashok & Rita Patel Institute of Integrated Study & Research in
Biotechnology and Allied Sciences (ARIBAS), New Vallabh Vidya Nagar 388121, Gujarat, India
| | - Monika Chaudhary
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Distt. Tonk 304022, Rajasthan, India; Present address: 13836 Jefferson Park Dr, Apt 9102, Herndon, VA-20171, USA
| | - Jyoti Saxena
- Biochemical Engineering Department, B.T. Kumaon Institute of Technology, Dwarahat 263653,
Uttarakhand, India
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Moyano F, Falcone R, Mejuto J, Silber J, Correa N. Cationic Reverse Micelles Create Water with Super Hydrogen-Bond-Donor Capacity for Enzymatic Catalysis: Hydrolysis of 2-Naphthyl Acetate by α-Chymotrypsin. Chemistry 2010; 16:8887-93. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201000437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Pire C, Marhuenda-egea FC, Esclapez J, Alcaraz L, Ferrer J, José Bonete M. Stability and Enzymatic Studies of Glucose Dehydrogenase from the ArchaeonHaloferax mediterraneiin reverse micelles. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10242420310001643179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Biasutti MA, Abuin EB, Silber JJ, Correa NM, Lissi EA. Kinetics of reactions catalyzed by enzymes in solutions of surfactants. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2008; 136:1-24. [PMID: 17706582 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2007.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2006] [Revised: 06/30/2007] [Accepted: 07/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The effect of surfactants, both in water-in-oil microemulsions (hydrated reverse micelles) and aqueous solutions upon enzymatic processes is reviewed, with special emphasis on the effect of the surfactant upon the kinetic parameters of the process. Differences and similarities between processes taking place in aqueous and organic solvents are highlighted, and the main models currently employed to interpret the results are briefly discussed.
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Boutaiba S, Bhatnagar T, Hacene H, Mitchell D, Baratti J. Preliminary characterisation of a lipolytic activity from an extremely halophilic archaeon, Natronococcus sp. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2006.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Contributions of phosphatase and microbial activity to internal phosphorus loading and their relation to lake eutrophication. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s11430-006-8110-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Bhatnagar T, Boutaiba S, Hacene H, Cayol JL, Fardeau ML, Ollivier B, Baratti JC. Lipolytic activity from Halobacteria: screening and hydrolase production. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2005; 248:133-40. [PMID: 15979821 DOI: 10.1016/j.femsle.2005.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2005] [Revised: 04/18/2005] [Accepted: 05/07/2005] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Strains of Halobacteria from an Algerian culture collection were screened for their lipolytic activity against p-nitrophenyl butyrate (PNPB) and p-nitrophenyl palmitate (PNPP). Most strains were active on both esters and 12% hydrolyzed olive oil. A strain identified as Natronococcus sp. was further studied. It grew optimally at 3.5 M NaCl, pH 8 and 40 degrees C. An increase in temperature shifted the optimum salt concentration range for growth from a wider range of 2-4 M, obtained at 25-30 degrees C, to a narrower range of 3.5-4 M, obtained at 35-40 degrees C. At 45 degrees C the optimum salt concentration was 2 M. These results show a clear correlation between salt and temperature requirement. The optimum conditions for the production of hydrolytic activity during growth were: 3.5 M NaCl and pH 8 for PNPB hydrolytic activity and 4 M NaCl and pH 7.5 for PNPP hydrolytic activity; both at 40 degrees C. The clear supernatant of cells grown at 4 M NaCl showed olive oil hydrolysis activity (in presence of 4 M NaCl) demonstrating the occurrence of a lipase activity in this strain. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a lipase activity at such high salt concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tej Bhatnagar
- Laboratoire de Biocatalyse et Chimie Fine, UMR 6111, Université de la Méditerranée, Faculté des Sciences de Luminy, 163, Avenue de Luminy, Case 901, 13288, Marseille Cedex 9 France.
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Pérez-Pomares F, Bautista V, Ferrer J, Pire C, Marhuenda-Egea FC, Bonete MJ. Alpha-amylase activity from the halophilic archaeon Haloferax mediterranei. Extremophiles 2003; 7:299-306. [PMID: 12910390 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-003-0327-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2002] [Accepted: 03/15/2003] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The halophilic archaeon Haloferax mediterranei is able to grow in a minimal medium containing ammonium acetate as a carbon and nitrogen source. When this medium is enriched with starch, alpha-amylase activity is excreted to the medium in low concentration. Here we report methods to concentrate and purify the enzyme. The relative molecular mass of the enzyme, determined by gel filtration, is 50 +/- 4 kDa, and on SDS-PAGE analysis a single band appeared at 58 kDa. These results indicated that the halophilic alpha-amylase is a monomeric enzyme. The enzyme showed a salt requirement for both stability and activity, being stable from 2 to 4 M NaCl, with maximal activity at 3 M NaCl. The enzyme displayed maximal activity at pHs from 7 to 8, and its optimal temperature was in a range from 50 degrees C to 60 degrees C. The results also implicated several prototropic groups in the catalytic reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Pérez-Pomares
- División de Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, Apartado 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain
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Marhuenda-Egea FC, Piera-Velázquez S, Cadenas C, Cadenas E. Reverse micelles in organic solvents: a medium for the biotechnological use of extreme halophilic enzymes at low salt concentration. ARCHAEA (VANCOUVER, B.C.) 2002; 1:105-11. [PMID: 15803648 PMCID: PMC2685557 DOI: 10.1155/2002/626457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2001] [Accepted: 03/08/2002] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Alkaline p-nitrophenylphosphate phosphatase (pNPPase) from the halophilic archaeobacterium Halobacterium salinarum (previously halobium) was solubilized at low salt concentration in reverse micelles of hexadecyltrimethyl-ammoniumbromide in cyclohexane with 1-butanol as co-surfactant. The enzyme maintained its catalytic properties under these conditions. The thermodynamic "solvation-stabilization hypothesis" has been used to explain the bell-shaped dependence of pNPPase activity on the water content of reverse micelles, in terms of protein-solvent interactions. According to this model, the stability of the folded protein depends on a network of hydrated ions associated with acidic residues at the protein surface. At low salt concentration and low water content (the ratio of water concentration to surfactant concentration; w0), the network of hydrated ions within the reverse micelles may involve the cationic heads of the surfactant. The bell-shaped profile of the relationship between enzyme activity and w0 varied depending on the concentrations of NaCl and Mn2+.
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Abstract
The use of halophilic extremozymes in organic media has been limited by the lack of enzymological studies in these media. To explore the behaviour of these extremozymes in organic media, different approaches have been adopted, including the dispersal of the lyophilised enzyme or the use of reverse micelles. The use of reverse micelles in maintaining high activities of halophilic extremozymes under unfavourable conditions could open new fields of application such as the use of these enzymes as biocatalysts in organic media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frutos C Marhuenda-Egea
- División de Bioqui;mica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, Apartado 99, 03080, Alicante, Spain.
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Marhuenda-Egea FC, Piera-Velázquez S, Cadenas C, Cadenas E. Mechanism of adaptation of an atypical alkaline p-nitrophenyl phosphatase from the archaeon Halobacterium salinarum at low-water environments. Biotechnol Bioeng 2002; 78:497-502. [PMID: 12115118 DOI: 10.1002/bit.10216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Enzymes suspended in organic solvents represent a versatile system for studying the involvement of water in catalytic properties and their flexibility in adapting to different environmental conditions. The extremely halophilic alkaline p-nitrophenylphosphate phosphatase from the archaeon Halobacterium salinarum was solubilized in an organic medium consisting of reversed micelles of hexadecyltrimethylammoniumbromide in cyclohexane, with 1-butanol as cosurfactant. Hydrolysis of p-nitrophenylphosphate was nonlinear with time when the enzyme was microinjected into reversed micelles that contained substrate. These data are consistent with a kinetic model in which the enzyme is irreversibly converted from an initial form to a final stable form during the first seconds of the encapsulation process. The model features a rate constant (k) for that transition and separate hydrolysis rates, v(1) and v(2), for the two forms of the enzyme. The enzyme conversion may be governed by the encapsulation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frutos C Marhuenda-Egea
- División de Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, Aptdo. 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain.
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Marhuenda-Egea FC, Piera-Velázquez S, Cadenas C, Cadenas E. An extreme halophilic enzyme active at low salt in reversed micelles. J Biotechnol 2002; 93:159-64. [PMID: 11738722 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1656(01)00392-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Possible biotechnological applications of extreme halophilic enzymes are strongly determined by their high salt requirement of around 4 M NaCl. Consequently, the use of these in organic media seemed to be unlikely. However, we have succeeded in dissolving a halophilic enzyme, p-nitrophenylphosphate phosphatase from the archaeon Halobacterium salinarum, in an organic medium by creating a reverse micellar system with very low salt concentration. The enzyme retained its catalytic properties in reversed micelles made with an anionic surfactant (dioctyl sodium sulphosuccinate) or with a cationic surfactant (hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide) in cyclohexane plus 1-butanol as co-surfactant. The dependence of the rate of hydrolysis of p-nitrophenylphosphate phosphate on the molar water/surfactant ratio (w(0) value) showed a bell-shaped curve for each surfactant system. Kinetic parameters were determined in each system. The enzymatic reaction appeared to follow Michaelis-Menten kinetics with the anionic surfactant only. The kinetic behaviour was determined at different concentrations of Mn(2+) in reversed micelles of dioctyl sodium sulphosuccinate as surfactant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frutos C Marhuenda-Egea
- División de Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, Apt. 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain.
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