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Pena CE, Costa MGS, Batista PR. Glycosylation effects on the structure and dynamics of a full-length Cel7A cellulase. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2019; 1868:140248. [PMID: 31279935 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Fungi cellulases are used to degrade cellulose-containing biomass for bioethanol production. Industrial cellulases such as Cel7A from Trichoderma reesei (TrCel7A) are critical in this process. Thus, the understanding of structure and dynamics is crucial for engineering variants with improved cellulolytic activity. This cellulase consists of two domains connected by a flexible and highly glycosylated linker. However, the linker flexibility has hindered the determination of Cel7A complete structure. Herein, based on atomic and sparse data, we applied integrative modelling to build a model of the complete enzyme structure. Next, through simulations, we studied the glycosylation effects on the structure and dynamics of a solubilized TrCel7A. Essential dynamics analysis showed that O-glycosylation in the linker led to the stabilization of protein overall dynamics. O-linked glycans seem to restrict protein dihedral angles distribution in this region, selecting more elongated conformations. Besides the reduced flexibility, functional interdomain motions occurred in a more concerted way in the glycosylated system. In contrast, in the absence of glycosylation, we observed vast conformational plasticity with the functional domains frequently collapsing. We report here evidence that targeting Cel7A linker flexibility by point mutations including modification of glycosylation sites could be a promising design strategy to improve cellulase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Eduardo Pena
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Programa de Computação Científica, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Computacional e Sistemas, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Mauricio G S Costa
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Programa de Computação Científica, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Computacional e Sistemas, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; École Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire de Biologie et Pharmacologie Appliquée, Cachan 94235, France
| | - Paulo Ricardo Batista
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Programa de Computação Científica, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Computacional e Sistemas, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil.
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Effective and reusable T. reesei immobilized on SBA-15 for monomeric sugar production from cellulose hydrolysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biteb.2019.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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3
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Biophysical and biochemical studies of a major endoglucanase secreted by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. Enzyme Microb Technol 2016; 91:1-7. [PMID: 27444323 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Endoglucanases are the main cellulolytic enzymes secreted by the bacterium Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc). The major endoglucanase exported by this bacterium into an external milieu is an enzyme XccCel5A, which belongs to GH5 family subfamily 1 and is encoded by the gene engXCA. We purified XccCel5A using ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by size exclusion chromatography and identified it by zymogram analysis. Circular dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopy studies showed that XccCel5A is stable in a wide pH range and up to about 55°C and denatures at the higher temperatures. The optimal conditions for enzyme activity were identified as T=45°C and pH=7.0. Under the optimum conditions the catalytic efficiency (kcat/KM) of the enzyme was determined as 5.16×10(4)s(-1)M(-1) using carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) as a substrate. Our SAXS studies revealed extended tadpole-shape molecular assembly, typical for cellulases, and allowed to determine an overall shape of the enzyme and a relative position of the catalytic and cellulose binding domains.
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Payne CM, Knott BC, Mayes HB, Hansson H, Himmel ME, Sandgren M, Ståhlberg J, Beckham GT. Fungal Cellulases. Chem Rev 2015; 115:1308-448. [DOI: 10.1021/cr500351c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 533] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christina M. Payne
- Department
of Chemical and Materials Engineering and Center for Computational
Sciences, University of Kentucky, 177 F. Paul Anderson Tower, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Brandon C. Knott
- National
Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver
West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Heather B. Mayes
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Henrik Hansson
- Department
of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Almas allé 5, SE-75651 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Michael E. Himmel
- Biosciences
Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Mats Sandgren
- Department
of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Almas allé 5, SE-75651 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jerry Ståhlberg
- Department
of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Almas allé 5, SE-75651 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gregg T. Beckham
- National
Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver
West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
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Bubner P, Plank H, Nidetzky B. Visualizing cellulase activity. Biotechnol Bioeng 2013; 110:1529-49. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.24884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Revised: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Zhao Z, Shklyaev OE, Nili A, Mohamed MNA, Kubicki JD, Crespi VH, Zhong L. Cellulose Microfibril Twist, Mechanics, and Implication for Cellulose Biosynthesis. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:2580-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp3089929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhao
- Center for Lignocellulose
Structure and Formation, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania 16801, United States
| | - Oleg E. Shklyaev
- Center for Lignocellulose
Structure and Formation, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania 16801, United States
- Departments
of Physics, Chemistry, and Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania
16801, United States
| | - Abdolmajid Nili
- Center for Lignocellulose
Structure and Formation, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania 16801, United States
- Departments
of Physics, Chemistry, and Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania
16801, United States
| | - Mohamed Naseer Ali Mohamed
- Center for Lignocellulose
Structure and Formation, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania 16801, United States
- Department of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania 16801,
United States
| | - James D. Kubicki
- Center for Lignocellulose
Structure and Formation, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania 16801, United States
- Department of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania 16801,
United States
| | - Vincent H. Crespi
- Center for Lignocellulose
Structure and Formation, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania 16801, United States
- Departments
of Physics, Chemistry, and Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania
16801, United States
| | - Linghao Zhong
- Center for Lignocellulose
Structure and Formation, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania 16801, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, Mont Alto, Pennsylvania 17237, United States
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Chauve M, Barre L, Tapin-Lingua S, Silva Perez DD, Decottignies D, Perez S, Ferreira NL. Evolution and impact of cellulose architecture during enzymatic hydrolysis by fungal cellulases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/abb.2013.412146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Pingali SV, O'Neill HM, McGaughey J, Urban VS, Rempe CS, Petridis L, Smith JC, Evans BR, Heller WT. Small angle neutron scattering reveals pH-dependent conformational changes in Trichoderma reesei cellobiohydrolase I: implications for enzymatic activity. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:32801-9. [PMID: 21784865 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.263004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellobiohydrolase I (Cel7A) of the fungus Trichoderma reesei (now classified as an anamorph of Hypocrea jecorina) hydrolyzes crystalline cellulose to soluble sugars, making it of key interest for producing fermentable sugars from biomass for biofuel production. The activity of the enzyme is pH-dependent, with its highest activity occurring at pH 4-5. To probe the response of the solution structure of Cel7A to changes in pH, we measured small angle neutron scattering of it in a series of solutions having pH values of 7.0, 6.0, 5.3, and 4.2. As the pH decreases from 7.0 to 5.3, the enzyme structure remains well defined, possessing a spatial differentiation between the cellulose binding domain and the catalytic core that only changes subtly. At pH 4.2, the solution conformation of the enzyme changes to a structure that is intermediate between a properly folded enzyme and a denatured, unfolded state, yet the secondary structure of the enzyme is essentially unaltered. The results indicate that at the pH of optimal activity, the catalytic core of the enzyme adopts a structure in which the compact packing typical of a fully folded polypeptide chain is disrupted and suggest that the increased range of structures afforded by this disordered state plays an important role in the increased activity of Cel7A through conformational selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Venkatesh Pingali
- Center for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee/Oak Ridge National Laboratory Center for Molecular Biophysics, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
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Zhang YHP, Lynd LR. Toward an aggregated understanding of enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose: noncomplexed cellulase systems. Biotechnol Bioeng 2005; 88:797-824. [PMID: 15538721 DOI: 10.1002/bit.20282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 883] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Information pertaining to enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose by noncomplexed cellulase enzyme systems is reviewed with a particular emphasis on development of aggregated understanding incorporating substrate features in addition to concentration and multiple cellulase components. Topics considered include properties of cellulose, adsorption, cellulose hydrolysis, and quantitative models. A classification scheme is proposed for quantitative models for enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose based on the number of solubilizing activities and substrate state variables included. We suggest that it is timely to revisit and reinvigorate functional modeling of cellulose hydrolysis, and that this would be highly beneficial if not necessary in order to bring to bear the large volume of information available on cellulase components on the primary applications that motivate interest in the subject.
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