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A thermostable bacterial catalase-peroxidase oxidizes phenolic compounds derived from lignins. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 107:201-217. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12263-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Romain B, Delvigne F, Rémond C, Rakotoarivonina H. Control of phenotypic diversification based on serial cultivations on different carbon sources leads to improved bacterial xylanase production. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2022; 45:1359-1370. [PMID: 35881245 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-022-02751-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Thermobacillus xylanilyticus is a thermophilic and hemicellulolytic bacterium of interest for the production of thermostable hemicellulases. Enzymes' production by this bacterium is challenging, because the proliferation of a cheating subpopulation of cells during exponential growth impairs the production of xylanase after serial cultivations. Accordingly, a strategy of successive cultivations with cells transfers in stationary phase and the use of wheat bran and wheat straw as carbon sources were tested. The ratio between subpopulations and their corresponding metabolic activities were studied by flow cytometry and the resulting hemicellulases production (xylanase, acetyl esterase and β-xylosidase) followed. During serial cultivations, the results pointed out an increase of the enzymatic activities. On xylan, compared to the first cultivation, the xylanase activity increases by 7.15-fold after only four cultivations. On the other hand, the debranching activities were increased by 5.88-fold and 57.2-fold on wheat straw and by 2.77-fold and 3.34-fold on wheat bran for β-xylosidase and acetyl esterase, respectively. The different enzymatic activities then stabilized, reached a plateau and further decreased. Study of the stability and reversibility of the enzyme production revealed cell-to-cell heterogeneities in metabolic activities which could be linked to the reversibility of enzymatic activity changes. Thus, the strategy of successive transfers during the stationary phase of growth, combined with the use of complex lignocellulosic substrates as carbon sources, is an efficient strategy to optimize the hemicellulases production by T. xylanilyticus, by preventing the selection of cheaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bouchat Romain
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, INRAE, FARE, UMR A 614, AFERE, Reims, France.,Terra Research and Teaching Centre, Microbial Processes and Interactions (MiPI), Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Frank Delvigne
- Terra Research and Teaching Centre, Microbial Processes and Interactions (MiPI), Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Caroline Rémond
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, INRAE, FARE, UMR A 614, AFERE, Reims, France
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Bouchat R, Vélard F, Audonnet S, Rioult D, Delvigne F, Rémond C, Rakotoarivonina H. Xylanase production by Thermobacillus xylanilyticus is impaired by population diversification but can be mitigated based on the management of cheating behavior. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:39. [PMID: 35292016 PMCID: PMC8922903 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01762-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The microbial production of hemicellulasic cocktails is still a challenge for the biorefineries sector and agro-waste valorization. In this work, the production of hemicellulolytic enzymes by Thermobacillus xylanilyticus has been considered. This microorganism is of interest since it is able to produce an original set of thermostable hemicellulolytic enzymes, notably a xylanase GH11, Tx-xyn11. However, cell-to-cell heterogeneity impairs the production capability of the whole microbial population. Results Sequential cultivations of the strain on xylan as a carbon source has been considered in order to highlight and better understand this cell-to-cell heterogeneity. Successive cultivations pointed out a fast decrease of xylanase activity (loss of ~ 75%) and Tx-xyn11 gene expression after 23.5 generations. During serial cultivations on xylan, flow cytometry analyses pointed out that two subpopulations, differing at their light-scattering properties, were present. An increase of the recurrence of the subpopulation exhibiting low forward scatter (FSC) signal was correlated with a progressive loss of xylanase activity over several generations. Cell sorting and direct observation of the sorted subpopulations revealed that the low-FSC subpopulation was not sporulating, whereas the high-FSC subpopulation contained cells at the onset of the sporulation stage. The subpopulation differences (growth and xylanase activity) were assessed during independent growth. The low-FSC subpopulation exhibited a lag phase of 10 h of cultivation (and xylanase activities from 0.15 ± 0.21 to 3.89 ± 0.14 IU/mL along the cultivation) and the high-FSC subpopulation exhibited a lag phase of 5 h (and xylanase activities from 0.52 ± 0.00 to 4.43 ± 0.61 over subcultivations). Serial cultivations on glucose, followed by a switch to xylan led to a ~ 1.5-fold to ~ 15-fold improvement of xylanase activity, suggesting that alternating cultivation conditions could lead to an efficient population management strategy for the production of xylanase. Conclusions Taken altogether, the data from this study point out that a cheating behavior is responsible for the progressive reduction in xylanase activity during serial cultivations of T. xylanilyticus. Alternating cultivation conditions between glucose and xylan could be used as an efficient strategy for promoting population stability and higher enzymatic productivity from this bacterium. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12934-022-01762-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Bouchat
- INRAE, FARE, UMR A 614, Chaire AFERE, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, 51097, Reims, France.,Laboratory of Microbial Processes and Interactions, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege, Avenue de la Faculté 2B, B140, 5030, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Vélard
- BIOS EA 4691 "Biomatériaux et Inflammation en site osseux", Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, 51097, Reims, France
| | - Sandra Audonnet
- URCACyt, Flow Cytometry Technical Platform, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51096, Reims, France
| | - Damien Rioult
- Plateau Technique Mobile de Cytométrie Environnementale MOBICYTE, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51097, Reims, France
| | - Frank Delvigne
- Laboratory of Microbial Processes and Interactions, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege, Avenue de la Faculté 2B, B140, 5030, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Caroline Rémond
- INRAE, FARE, UMR A 614, Chaire AFERE, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, 51097, Reims, France
| | - Harivony Rakotoarivonina
- INRAE, FARE, UMR A 614, Chaire AFERE, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, 51097, Reims, France.
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Draft Genome Sequence of the Lignocellulolytic and Thermophilic Bacterium Thermobacillus xylanilyticus XE. Microbiol Resour Announc 2022; 11:e0093421. [PMID: 35258325 PMCID: PMC9022518 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00934-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermobacillus xylanilyticus is a thermophilic and hemicellulolytic bacterium able to use several lignocelluloses as its main carbon source. This draft genome sequence gives insight into the genomic potential of this bacterium and provides new resources to understand the enzymatic mechanisms used by the bacterium during lignocellulose degradation and will allow the identification of robust lignocellulolytic enzymes.
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Prasad Uday US, Bandyopadhyay TK, Goswami S, Bhunia B. Optimization of physical and morphological regime for improved cellulase free xylanase production by fed batch fermentation using Aspergillus niger (KP874102.1) and its application in bio-bleaching. Bioengineered 2016; 8:137-146. [PMID: 27780405 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2016.1218580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The physiological and morphological changes were extensively studied during fed batch fermentation using newly isolated Aspergillus niger (KP874102.1). Significantly higher xylanase production was possible through optimization of environmental stresses by fed batch process. The fed batch fermentation was carried out for improved xylanase production (2524 U) where initial xylan was kept 1.5 g/L in the production medium. However, 3 g/L of xylan with 50 mM K2HPO4 having pH-7 was consecutively fed at 72 and 120 h of fermentation. K2HPO4 showed significant role both the morphology of the microorganism and produces enzymes in fed batch fermentation. During feeding phase, the pH was found in the range of 6.5 to 7 which was used as marker for the fed batch process. The crude enzyme was used for the bio-bleaching of banana pulp.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Saswata Goswami
- b Department of Biotechnology , Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra , Ranchi , India
| | - Biswanath Bhunia
- c Department of Bioengineering , National Institute of Technology , Agartala , India
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The use of thermostable bacterial hemicellulases improves the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to valuable molecules. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:7577-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7562-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Rakotoarivonina H, Hermant B, Aubry N, Rabenoelina F, Baillieul F, Rémond C. Dynamic study of how the bacterial breakdown of plant cell walls allows the reconstitution of efficient hemicellulasic cocktails. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 170:331-341. [PMID: 25151078 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.07.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 07/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Designing more efficient mixtures of enzymes is necessary to produce molecules of interest from biomass lignocellulosic fractionation. The present study aims to investigate the strategies used by the thermophilic and hemicellulolytic bacterium Thermobacillus xylanilyticus to fractionate wheat bran and wheat straw during its growth. Results demonstrated ratios and levels of hemicellulases produced varied during growth on both biomasses. Xylanase activity was mainly produced during stationary stages of growth whereas esterase and arabinosidase activities were detected earlier. This enzymatic profile is correlated with the expression pattern of genes encoding four hemicellulases (two xylanases, one arabinosidase and one esterase) produced by T. xylanilyticus during growth. Based on identification of the bacterial strategy, the synergistic efficiency of the four hemicellulases during the hydrolysis of both substrates was evaluated. The four hemicellulases worked together with high degree of synergy and released high amounts of xylose, arabinose and phenolic acids from wheat bran and wheat straw.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Rakotoarivonina
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UMR614 Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement, F-51100 Reims, France; INRA, UMR614 Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement, F-51100 Reims, France.
| | - B Hermant
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UMR614 Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement, F-51100 Reims, France; INRA, UMR614 Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement, F-51100 Reims, France
| | - N Aubry
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UMR614 Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement, F-51100 Reims, France; INRA, UMR614 Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement, F-51100 Reims, France
| | - F Rabenoelina
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Unité de Recherche Vignes et Vins de Champagne, EA 4707, F-51687 Reims, France
| | - F Baillieul
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Unité de Recherche Vignes et Vins de Champagne, EA 4707, F-51687 Reims, France
| | - C Rémond
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UMR614 Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement, F-51100 Reims, France; INRA, UMR614 Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement, F-51100 Reims, France
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Partial Characterization of Xylanase Produced by Caldicoprobacter algeriensis, a New Thermophilic Anaerobic Bacterium Isolated from an Algerian Hot Spring. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 174:1969-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-1153-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Rakotoarivonina H, Hermant B, Monthe N, Rémond C. The hemicellulolytic enzyme arsenal of Thermobacillus xylanilyticus depends on the composition of biomass used for growth. Microb Cell Fact 2012; 11:159. [PMID: 23241174 PMCID: PMC3541102 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-11-159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Thermobacillus xylanilyticus is a thermophilic and highly xylanolytic bacterium. It produces robust and stable enzymes, including glycoside hydrolases and esterases, which are of special interest for the development of integrated biorefineries. To investigate the strategies used by T. xylanilyticus to fractionate plant cell walls, two agricultural by-products, wheat bran and straw (which differ in their chemical composition and tissue organization), were used in this study and compared with glucose and xylans. The ability of T. xylanilyticus to grow on these substrates was studied. When the bacteria used lignocellulosic biomass, the production of enzymes was evaluated and correlated with the initial composition of the biomass, as well as with the evolution of any residues during growth. Results Our results showed that T. xylanilyticus is not only able to use glucose and xylans as primary carbon sources but can also use wheat bran and straw. The chemical compositions of both lignocellulosic substrates were modified by T. xylanilyticus after growth. The bacteria were able to consume 49% and 20% of the total carbohydrates in bran and straw, respectively, after 24 h of growth. The phenolic and acetyl ester contents of these substrates were also altered. Bacterial growth on both lignocellulosic biomasses induced hemicellulolytic enzyme production, and xylanase was the primary enzyme secreted. Debranching activities were differentially produced, as esterase activities were more important to bacterial cultures grown on wheat straw; arabinofuranosidase production was significantly higher in bacterial cultures grown on wheat bran. Conclusion This study provides insight into the ability of T. xylanilyticus to grow on abundant agricultural by-products, which are inexpensive carbon sources for enzyme production. The composition of the biomass upon which the bacteria grew influenced their growth, and differences in the biomass provided resulted in dissimilar enzyme production profiles. These results indicate the importance of using different biomass sources to encourage the production of specific enzymes.
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Boukari I, Rémond C, O’Donohue M, Chabbert B. Effect of lignin content on a GH11 endoxylanase acting on glucuronoarabinoxylan-lignin nanocomposites. Carbohydr Polym 2012; 89:423-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Revised: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Probing a family GH11 endo-β-1,4-xylanase inhibition mechanism by phenolic compounds: Role of functional phenolic groups. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2011.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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A thermostable feruloyl-esterase from the hemicellulolytic bacterium Thermobacillus xylanilyticus releases phenolic acids from non-pretreated plant cell walls. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 90:541-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3103-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2010] [Revised: 12/22/2010] [Accepted: 12/23/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Aachary AA, Prapulla SG. Corncob-induced endo-1,4-beta-d-xylanase of Aspergillus oryzae MTCC 5154: production and characterization of xylobiose from glucuronoxylan. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:3981-3988. [PMID: 18489109 DOI: 10.1021/jf073430i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Eight different fungi were cultivated in a peptone-yeast extract medium containing 1% oat spelt xylan (OSX) to evaluate endo-1,4-beta-xylanase secretion for xylooligosaccharide (XOS) production. Aspergillus oryzae MTCC 5154, Aspergillus flavus , Aspergillus niger , and Aspergillus ochraceus showed significant titers of endoxylanases, which were further used for the production of XOS from birch wood xylan (BWX). A. oryzae produced 89.5 +/- 1.13% XOS in the hydrolysate at 24 h of reaction. The effect of OSX, BWX, and raw corncob on the induction of endoxylanase in A. oryzae was studied, and the xylanase activity was maximum at 96 h of cultivation in 3% corncob containing medium. XOS produced at 36 h of reaction was 5.87 +/- 0.53 mg/mL (12 +/- 2% xylose, 48 +/- 2.43% xylobiose, and 40 +/- 3.6% higher oligomers) from 1% BWX . HPLC/refractive index detection and ESI/MS analysis of fractions obtained by GPC corresponded to neutral and 4- O-methyl-alpha- d-glucuronic acid substituted acidic oligosaccharides. The major fraction, beta- d-xylopyranosyl-(1-->4)- d-xylanopyranose was characterized using (13)C NMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayyappan Appukuttan Aachary
- Fermentation Technology and Bioengineering Department, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka, India
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Marichamy S, Mattiasson B. Rapid production of cellulase-free xylanases by solventogenic Clostridia from rumen. Enzyme Microb Technol 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2004.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Rapid production of thermostable cellulase-free xylanase by a strain of Bacillus subtilis and its properties. Enzyme Microb Technol 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-0229(02)00034-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Hurlbert JC, Preston JF. Functional characterization of a novel xylanase from a corn strain of Erwinia chrysanthemi. J Bacteriol 2001; 183:2093-100. [PMID: 11222610 PMCID: PMC95107 DOI: 10.1128/jb.183.6.2093-2100.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A beta-1,4-xylan hydrolase (xylanase A) produced by Erwinia chrysanthemi D1 isolated from corn was analyzed with respect to its secondary structure and enzymatic function. The pH and temperature optima for the enzyme were found to be pH 6.0 and 35 degrees C, with a secondary structure under those conditions that consists of approximately 10 to 15% alpha-helices. The enzyme was still active at temperatures higher than 40 degrees C and at pHs of up to 9.0. The loss of enzymatic activity at temperatures above 45 degrees C was accompanied by significant loss of secondary structure. The enzyme was most active on xylan substrates with low ratios of xylose to 4-O-methyl-D-glucuronic acid and appears to require two 4-O-methyl-D-glucuronic acid residues for substrate recognition and/or cleavage of a beta-1,4-xylosidic bond. The enzyme hydrolyzed sweetgum xylan, generating products with a 4-O-methyl-glucuronic acid-substituted xylose residue one position from the nonreducing terminus of the oligoxyloside product. No internal cleavages of the xylan backbone between substituted xylose residues were observed, giving the enzyme a unique mode of action in the hydrolysis compared to all other xylanases that have been described. Given the size of the oligoxyloside products generated by the enzyme during depolymerization of xylan substrates, the function of the enzyme may be to render substrate available for other depolymerizing enzymes instead of producing oligoxylosides for cellular metabolism and may serve to produce elicitors during the initiation of the infectious process.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Hurlbert
- Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Department of Microbiology & Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
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Schneider G, Taillandier P, Strehaiano P. Stoichiometry of diauxic growth of a xylanase-producing Bacillus strain. Can J Microbiol 2000; 46:784-9. [PMID: 11006838 DOI: 10.1139/w00-064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the establishment of material balances and stoichiometry of the growth of Bacillus sp. was undertaken. This strain produces high quantities of a xylanase suitable for use as bleach boost agent in chlorine-free bleaching sequences of paper pulp. As carbon dioxide plays an important role as a growth factor, bacterial growth in two fermentations, one fed with air and another fed with carbon-dioxide-enriched air, were compared. For this purpose, a method permitting the determination of the consumption of the two carbon sources, xylan and peptone, was proposed. The material balances revealed that in both cases, the bacteria first use peptone as their carbon source, and then xylan in the second part of the growth phase. The aerated culture showed diauxic growth on these two substrates, whereas carbon-dioxide-enriched air caused disappearance of the metabolic adaptation phase, and rendered biomass production more economic. The fermentation fed with air needed 30% more xylan than the fermentation fed with carbon-dioxide-enriched air for the same quantity of biomass produced.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Schneider
- E.N.S.I.G.C., Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, UMR-CNRS 5503, Toulouse, France
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