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Zhu R, Liu Y, Yang Y, Min Q, Li H, Chen L. Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenases Catalyse Steroid Nucleus Hydroxylation with Regio‐ and Stereo‐selectivity. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Felpeto-Santero C, Galán B, García JL. Engineering the Steroid Hydroxylating System from Cochliobolus lunatus in Mycolicibacterium smegmatis. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9071499. [PMID: 34361934 PMCID: PMC8306143 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9071499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
14α-hydroxylated steroids are starting materials for the synthesis of contraceptive and anti-inflammatory compounds in the steroid industry. A synthetic bacterial operon containing the cytochrome P450 CYP103168 and the reductase CPR64795 of the fungus Cochlioboluslunatus able to hydroxylate steroids has been engineered into a shuttle plasmid named pMVFAN. This plasmid was used to transform two mutants of Mycolicibacterium smegmatis named MS6039-5941 and MS6039 that accumulate 4-androstene-3,17-dione (AD), and 1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione (ADD), respectively. The recombinant mutants MS6039-5941 (pMVFAN) and MS6039 (pMVFAN) were able to efficiently express the hydroxylating CYP system of C.lunatus and produced in high yields 14αOH-AD and 14αOH-ADD, respectively, directly from cholesterol and phytosterols in a single fermentation step. These results open a new avenue for producing at industrial scale these and other hydroxylated steroidal synthons by transforming with this synthetic operon other Mycolicibacterium strains currently used for the commercial production of steroidal synthons from phytosterols as feedstock.
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Li H, Shi W, Li C, Zhang X, Gong J, Shi J, Koffas MA, Xu Z. Impact of ethylene glycol on DHEA dihydroxylation in Colletotrichum lini: Increasing the expression of cytochrome P450 and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and enhancing the generation of NADPH. Biochem Eng J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Li H, Wu Y, Liu W, Zhang XM, Gong JS, Shi JS, Xu ZH. iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic analysis of Colletotrichum lini reveals ethanol induced mechanism for enhancing dihydroxylation efficiency of DHEA. J Proteomics 2020; 224:103851. [PMID: 32485395 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.103851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Colletotrichum lini is used as an industrial stain for the dihydroxylation of steroid compound dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) to biosynthesize 3β,7α,15α-trihydroxy-5-androstene-17-one (7α,15α-diOH-DHEA), a key intermediate of the most popular oral contraceptive "Yasmin". This work aimed to enhance 7α,15α-diOH-DHEA production in C. lini CGMCC 6051 through ethanol induction. With 0.6% (v/v) ethanol induction and 10 g/L DHEA concentration, the 7α,15α-diOH-DHEA molar yield reached 58.8%, which was increased by 67.5% than that of the control. iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic analysis was applied to explore the probable molecular mechanism of C. lini response to ethanol induction. A total of 50 differential expressed proteins was affected by ethanol induction, and could be related to multiple metabolic pathways. Most of differently expressed proteins were functionally mapped into pathways of transport, steroids metabolism, or redox reaction. Other proteins for energy, transcription and translation, and carbohydrate metabolism might have important roles in the cellular response to ethanol induction. In addition, the levels of cytochrome P450 and NAD(P)H-cytochrome P450 reductase were remarkably higher under ethanol induction, and their functions on DHEA dihydroxylation were first proposed in C. lini. Our results provide critical clues in revealing the dihydroxylation mechanism and are important for efficient microbiological hydroxylation of steroidal compounds in the future. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE: iTRAQ strategy was first used to compare the proteomes of ethanol induction during the dihydroxylation reaction by Colletotrichum lini CGMCC 6051. The changes in protein provided a comprehensive overview of DHEA dihydroxylation in C. lini, including the proteins for steroids metabolism, redox reaction, transport, transcription and translation, energy and carbohydrate metabolism. Cytochrome P450, NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase, and NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase were highlighted due to their outstanding contribution to DHEA dihydroxylation. The results help us understand the molecular mechanism underlying ethanol induction in C. lini and would guide strain engineering to further improve dihydroxylation efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yan Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jin-Song Gong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jin-Song Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zheng-Hong Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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Felpeto‐Santero C, Galán B, Luengo JM, Fernández‐Cañon JM, del Cerro C, Medrano FJ, García JL. Identification and expression of the 11β-steroid hydroxylase from Cochliobolus lunatus in Corynebacterium glutamicum. Microb Biotechnol 2019; 12:856-868. [PMID: 31197939 PMCID: PMC6680611 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxylation of steroids has acquired special relevance for the pharmaceutical industries. Particularly, the 11β-hydroxylation of steroids is a reaction of biotechnological importance currently carried out at industrial scale by the fungus Cochliobolus lunatus. In this work, we have identified the genes encoding the cytochrome CYP103168 and the reductase CPR64795 of C. lunatus responsible for the 11β-hydroxylase activity in this fungus, which is the key step for the preparative synthesis of cortisol in industry. A recombinant Corynebacterium glutamicum strain harbouring a plasmid expressing both genes forming a synthetic bacterial operon was able to 11β-hydroxylate several steroids as substrates. This is a new example to show that the industrial strain C. glutamicum can be used as a suitable chassis to perform steroid biotransformation expressing eukaryotic cytochromes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beatriz Galán
- Department of Environmental BiologyCentro de Investigaciones BiológicasCSICMadridSpain
| | - José M. Luengo
- Department of Molecular BiologyUniversity of LeónLeónSpain
| | | | - Carlos del Cerro
- Department of Environmental BiologyCentro de Investigaciones BiológicasCSICMadridSpain
| | - Francisco J. Medrano
- Department of Chemical and Physical BiologyCentro de Investigaciones BiológicasCSICMadridSpain
| | - José L. García
- Department of Environmental BiologyCentro de Investigaciones BiológicasCSICMadridSpain
- Department of Applied BiotechnologyInstitute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio)(Universidad de Valencia‐CSIC)ValenciaSpain
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Biotechnological application of endophytic filamentous bipolaris and curvularia: a review on bioeconomy impact. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 35:69. [PMID: 31011888 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-019-2644-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The filamentous Bipolaris and Curvularia genera consist of species known to cause severe diseases in plants and animals amounting to an estimated annual loss of USD $10 billion worldwide. Despite the harmful effect of Bipolaris and Curvularia species, scarce attention is paid on beneficial areas where the fungi are used in industrial processes to generate biotechnological products. Catalytic potential of Bipolaris and Curvularia species in the production of biodiesel, bioflucculant, biosorbent, and mycoherbicide are promising for the bioeconomy. It is herein demonstrated that knowledge-based application of some endophytic Bipolaris and Curvularia species are indispensable vectors of sustainable economic development. In the twenty-first century, India, China, and the USA have taken progress in the biotechnological application of these fungi to generate wealth. As such, some Bipolaris and Curvularia species significantly impact on global crop improvement, act as catalyst in batch-reactors for biosynthesis of industrial enzymes and medicines, bioengineer of green-nanoparticle, agent of biofertilizer, bioremediation and bio-hydrometallurgy. For the first time, this study discusses the current advances in biotechnological application of Bipolaris and Curvularia species and provide new insights into the prospects of optimizing their bioengineering potential for developing bioeconomy.
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Wang R, Sui P, Hou X, Cao T, Jia L, Lu F, Singh S, Wang Z, Liu X. Cloning and identification of a novel steroid 11α-hydroxylase gene from Absidia coerulea. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 171:254-261. [PMID: 28428022 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Steroid 11-hydroxylation by filamentous fungi is a major route for industrial scale production of key intermediates in the synthesis of steroid drugs. Although it is well established that enzymes involved in fungal hydroxylation of steroids are cytochrome P450s (CYP), few fungal steroid hydroxylase genes have been identified. In this study, we identified a novel 11α-hydroxylase gene CYP5311B1 from Absidia coerulea AS3.65 by a combination of transcriptome sequencing, real-time qRT-PCR and heterologous expression in Pichia pastoris. The full-length open reading frame (ORF) of CYP5311B1 is predicted to encode a CYP protein of 527 amino acids whose expression in Pichia cells was confirmed by western blot. In addition, the major hydroxylation product was characterized by HPLC and 2D NMR. CYP5311B1 was highly induced by steroid substrate at the transcriptional level. The cloning and identification of an 11α-hydroxylase gene from A. coerulea should aid in a better understanding of the structural basis underlying regio- and stereoselectivity, and substrate specificity of fungal steroid 11α-hydroxylases, thus facilitating the engineering of more efficient steroid hydroxylases for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijie Wang
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Pengcheng Sui
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Xiangjiang Hou
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Tong Cao
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Longgang Jia
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Fuping Lu
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Suren Singh
- Department of Biotechnology & Food Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, P.O. Box 1334, Durban, 4001, South Africa
| | - Zhengxiang Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Xiaoguang Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
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Nassiri-Koopaei N, Faramarzi MA. Recent developments in the fungal transformation of steroids. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2015. [DOI: 10.3109/10242422.2015.1022533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Carballeira J, Quezada M, Hoyos P, Simeó Y, Hernaiz M, Alcantara A, Sinisterra J. Microbial cells as catalysts for stereoselective red–ox reactions. Biotechnol Adv 2009; 27:686-714. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2009.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2009] [Revised: 04/26/2009] [Accepted: 05/04/2009] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Feng B, Hu W, Ma BP, Wang YZ, Huang HZ, Wang SQ, Qian XH. Purification, characterization, and substrate specificity of a glucoamylase with steroidal saponin-rhamnosidase activity from Curvularia lunata. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2007; 76:1329-38. [PMID: 17823796 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-007-1117-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2007] [Revised: 07/08/2007] [Accepted: 07/09/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
It has been previously reported that a glucoamylase from Curvularia lunata is able to hydrolyze the terminal 1,2-linked rhamnosyl residues of sugar chains at C-3 position of steroidal saponins. In this work, the enzyme was isolated and identified after isolation and purification by column chromatography including gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography. Analysis of protein fragments by MALDI-TOF/TOF proteomics Analyzer indicated the enzyme to be 1,4-alpha-D-glucan glucohydrolase EC 3.2.1.3, GA and had considerable homology with the glucoamylase from Aspergillus oryzae. We first found that the glucoamylase was produced from C. lunata and was able to hydrolyze the terminal rhamnosyl of steroidal saponins. The enzyme had the general character of glucoamylase, which hydrolyze starch. It had a molecular mass of 66 kDa and was optimally active at 50 degrees C, pH 4, and specific activity of 12.34 U mg of total protein(-1) under the conditions, using diosgenin-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->4)-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1-->2)]-beta-D-glucopyranoside (compound II) as the substrate. Furthermore, four kinds of commercial glucoamylases from Aspergillus niger were investigated in this work, and they had the similar activity in hydrolyzing terminal rhamnosyl residues of steroidal saponin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Feng
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China.
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Chen K, Tong WY, Wei DZ, Jiang W. The 11β-hydroxylation of 16,17α-epoxyprogesterone and the purification of the 11β-hydroxylase from Absidia coerulea IBL02. Enzyme Microb Technol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2006.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Feng B, Kang LP, Ma BP, Quan B, Zhou WB, Wang YZ, Zhao Y, Liu YX, Wang SQ. The substrate specificity of a glucoamylase with steroidal saponin-rhamnosidase activity from Curvularia lunata. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.04.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Optimisation of Hydrocortisone Production by Curvularia lunata. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2007; 142:17-28. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-007-0005-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2006] [Revised: 11/30/1999] [Accepted: 10/02/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Lu WY, Du LX, Wang M, Wen JP, Sun B, Guo YW. Effect of two-steps substrate addition on steroids 11β-hydroxylation by Curvularia lunata CL-114. Biochem Eng J 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2006.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Paraszkiewicz K, Frycie A, Słaba M, Długoński J. Enhancement of emulsifier production by Curvularia lunata in cadmium, zinc and lead presence. Biometals 2006; 20:797-805. [PMID: 17120141 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-006-9043-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2006] [Accepted: 10/18/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The influence of cadmium, zinc and lead on fungal emulsifier synthesis and on the growth of filamentous fungus Curvularia lunata has been studied. Tolerance to heavy metals established for C. lunata was additionally compared with the sensitivity exhibited by strains of Curvularia tuberculata and Paecilomyces marquandii-fungi which do not secrete compounds of emulsifying activity. Although C. lunata, as the only one out of all studied fungi, exhibited the lowest tolerance to heavy metals when grown on a solid medium (in conditions preventing emulsifier synthesis), it manifested the highest tolerance in liquid culture - in conditions allowing exopolymer production. Cadmium, zinc and lead presented in liquid medium up to a concentration of 15 mM had no negative effect on C. lunata growth and stimulated emulsifier synthesis. In the presence of 15 mM of heavy metals, both the emulsifier and 24-h-old growing mycelium exhibited maximum sorption capacities, which were determined as 18.2 +/- 2.67, 156.1 +/- 10.32 mg g(-1) for Cd2+, 22.2 +/- 3.40, 95.2 +/- 14.21 mg g(-1) for Zn2+ and 51.1 +/- 1.85, 230.0 +/- 28.47 mg g(-1) for Pb2+ respectively. The results obtained by us in this work indicate that the emulsifier acts as a protective compound increasing the ability of C. lunata to survive in heavy metal polluted environment. Enhancement of exopolymer synthesis in the presence of Cd2+, Zn2+ and Pb2+ may also suggest, at least to some extent, a metal-specific nature of emulsifier production in C. lunata. Due to accumulation capability and tolerance to heavy metals, C. lunata mycelium surrounded by the emulsifier could be applied for toxic metal removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Paraszkiewicz
- Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16, PL-90237 Lodz, Poland
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Manosroi J, Chisti Y, Manosroi A. Biotransformation of cortexolone to hydrocortisone by molds using a rapid color-development assay. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2006. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683806050061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Paraszkiewicz K, Kanwal A, Długonski J. Emulsifier production by steroid transforming filamentous fungus Curvularia lunata. Growth and product characterization. J Biotechnol 2002; 92:287-94. [PMID: 11689253 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1656(01)00376-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Curvularia lunata IM 2901, the filamentous fungus used for hydrocortisone manufacture, was found to be able to produce an extracellular emulsifying agent on water-soluble compounds with a yield of 2.6 g l(-1). Cell-free culture broth containing the examined agent caused the formation of stable emulsions with hydrophobic compounds of natural and xenobiotic origin. Vegetable and mineral oils were the best substrates for emulsification. Kinetics of surfactant biosynthesis was classified as a mixed growth-associated and non-growth-associated type. The crude emulsifier was isolated from culture fluid by acetone precipitation. Preliminary chemical characterization showed that the studied bioemulsifier contained 34.0% C, 5.7% H, 1.8% N, 0.15% S and was a complex of protein (25%) and polysaccharide (48%). Sugar component was identified as a polymer of D-glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Paraszkiewicz
- Department of Industrial Microbiology, University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16, PL-90-237, Łódź, Poland
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