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Guan LZ, Zhao S, Shu G, Jiang QY, Cai GY, Wu ZF, Xi QY, Zhang YL. β-Glucanase specific expression in the intestine of transgenic pigs. Transgenic Res 2019; 28:237-246. [PMID: 30697646 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-019-00112-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Producing heterologous enzymes in the animal digestive tract to improve feed utilization rate is a new research strategy by transgenic technology. In this study, transgenic pigs specifically expressing β-glucanase gene in the intestine were successfully produced by somatic cell nuclear transfer technology in order to improve digestibility of dietary β-glucan and absorption of nutrients. The β-glucanase activity in the intestinal juice of 4 transgenic pigs was found to be 8.59 ± 2.49 U/mL. The feeding trial results showed that the crude protein digestion of 4 transgenic pigs was significantly increased compared with that of the non-transgenic pigs. In order to investigate the inheritance of the transgene, 7 G1 transgenic pigs were successfully obtained. The β-glucanase activity in the intestinal juice of 7 G1 transgenic pigs was found to be 2.35 ± 0.72 U/mL. The feeding trial results showed the crude protein digestion and crude fat digestion were significantly higher in 7 G1 transgenic pigs than in non-transgenic pigs. Taken together, our study demonstrated that the foreign β-glucanase expressing in the intestine of the transgenic pigs could reduce the anti-nutritional effect of β-glucans in feed. In addition, β-glucanase gene could be inherited to the offsprings and maintain its physiological function. It is a promising approach to improve feed utilization by producing transgenic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Zeng Guan
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Linyi University, Shuangling Road, Linyi City, China
| | - Shuai Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, SCAU-Alltech Research Joint Alliance, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Gang Shu
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, SCAU-Alltech Research Joint Alliance, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Qing-Yan Jiang
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, SCAU-Alltech Research Joint Alliance, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Geng-Yuan Cai
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, SCAU-Alltech Research Joint Alliance, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zhen-Fang Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, SCAU-Alltech Research Joint Alliance, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Qian-Yun Xi
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, SCAU-Alltech Research Joint Alliance, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Yong-Liang Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, SCAU-Alltech Research Joint Alliance, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Transgenic pigs expressing β-xylanase in the parotid gland improve nutrient utilization. Transgenic Res 2019; 28:189-198. [PMID: 30637610 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-019-00110-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Xylan is one of the main anti-nutritional factors in pig's feed. Although supplementation of β-xylanase in diet can improve the utilization of nutrients in animals, it is limited by feed cost, manufacturing process and storage stability. To determine whether the expression of endogenous β-xylanase gene xynB in vivo can improve digestibility of dietary xylan and absorption of nutrients, we produced transgenic pigs which express the xynB from Aspergillus Niger CGMCC1067 in the parotid gland via nuclear transfer. In four live transgenic founders, β-xylanase activities in the saliva were 0.74, 0.59, 0.37 and 0.24 U/mL, respectively. Compared with non-transgenic pigs, the content of crude protein (CP) in feces reduced by 15.5% (P < 0.05). Furthermore, in 100 of the 271 F1 pigs the xynB gene was detectable. The digestibility of gross energy and CP in F1 transgenic pigs were increased by 5% and 22%, respectively, with the CP content in feces decreased by 6.4%. Taken together, our study showed that the transgenic pigs producing β-xylanase from parotid gland can reduce the anti-nutritional effect in animal diet and improve the utilization of nutrients.
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Muir E, Raza M, Ellis C, Burnside E, Love F, Heller S, Elliot M, Daniell E, Dasgupta D, Alves N, Day P, Fawcett J, Keynes R. Trafficking and processing of bacterial proteins by mammalian cells: Insights from chondroitinase ABC. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186759. [PMID: 29121057 PMCID: PMC5679598 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is very little reported in the literature about the relationship between modifications of bacterial proteins and their secretion by mammalian cells that synthesize them. We previously reported that the secretion of the bacterial enzyme Chondroitinase ABC by mammalian cells requires the strategic removal of at least three N-glycosylation sites. The aim of this study was to determine if it is possible to enhance the efficacy of the enzyme as a treatment for spinal cord injury by increasing the quantity of enzyme secreted or by altering its cellular location. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS To determine if the efficiency of enzyme secretion could be further increased, cells were transfected with constructs encoding the gene for chondroitinase ABC modified for expression by mammalian cells; these contained additional modifications of strategic N-glycosylation sites or alternative signal sequences to direct secretion of the enzyme from the cells. We show that while removal of certain specific N-glycosylation sites enhances enzyme secretion, N-glycosylation of at least two other sites, N-856 and N-773, is essential for both production and secretion of active enzyme. Furthermore, we find that the signal sequence directing secretion also influences the quantity of enzyme secreted, and that this varies widely amongst the cell types tested. Last, we find that replacing the 3'UTR on the cDNA encoding Chondroitinase ABC with that of β-actin is sufficient to target the enzyme to the neuronal growth cone when transfected into neurons. This also enhances neurite outgrowth on an inhibitory substrate. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE Some intracellular trafficking pathways are adversely affected by cryptic signals present in the bacterial gene sequence, whilst unexpectedly others are required for efficient secretion of the enzyme. Furthermore, targeting chondroitinase to the neuronal growth cone promotes its ability to increase neurite outgrowth on an inhibitory substrate. These findings are timely in view of the renewed prospects for gene therapy, and of direct relevance to strategies aimed at expressing foreign proteins in mammalian cells, in particular bacterial proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Muir
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Mansoor Raza
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Clare Ellis
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Burnside
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Love
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Heller
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Elliot
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Esther Daniell
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Debayan Dasgupta
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nuno Alves
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Forvie Site, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Priscilla Day
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - James Fawcett
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Forvie Site, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Roger Keynes
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Lin YS, Yang CC, Hsu CC, Hsu JT, Wu SC, Lin CJ, Cheng WTK. Establishment of a novel, eco-friendly transgenic pig model using porcine pancreatic amylase promoter-driven fungal cellulase transgenes. Transgenic Res 2014; 24:61-71. [PMID: 25063310 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-014-9817-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Competition between humans and livestock for cereal and legume grains makes it challenging to provide economical feeds to livestock animals. Recent increases in corn and soybean prices have had a significant impact on the cost of feed for pig producers. The utilization of byproducts and alternative ingredients in pig diets has the potential to reduce feed costs. Moreover, unlike ruminants, pigs have limited ability to utilize diets with high fiber content because they lack endogenous enzymes capable of breaking down nonstarch polysaccharides into simple sugars. Here, we investigated the feasibility of a transgenic strategy in which expression of the fungal cellulase transgene was driven by the porcine pancreatic amylase promoter in pigs. A 2,488 bp 5'-flanking region of the porcine pancreatic amylase gene was cloned by the genomic walking technique, and its structural features were characterized. Using GFP as a reporter, we found that this region contained promoter activity and had the potential to control heterologous gene expression. Transgenic pigs were generated by pronuclear microinjection. Founders and offspring were identified by PCR and Southern blot analyses. Cellulase mRNA and protein showed tissue-specific expression in the pancreas of F1 generation pigs. Cellulolytic enzyme activity was also identified in the pancreas of transgenic pigs. These results demonstrated the establishment of a tissue-specific promoter of the porcine pancreatic amylase gene. Transgenic pigs expressing exogenous cellulase may represent a way to increase the intake of low-cost, fiber-rich feeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Lin
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan, ROC
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Guan LZ, Xi QY, Sun YP, Wang JL, Zhou JY, Shu G, Jiang QY, Zhang YL. Intestine-specific expression of the β-glucanase in mice. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2014. [DOI: 10.4141/cjas2013-125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Guan, L.-Z., Xi, Q.-Y., Sun, Y.-P., Wang, J.-L., Zhou, J.-Y., Shu, G., Jiang, Q.-Y. and Zhang, Y.-L. 2014. Intestine-specific expression of the β-glucanase in mice. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 94: 287–293. The β-glucanase gene (GLU, from Paenibacillus polymyxa CP7) was cloned into a specific expression plasmid (MUC2-GLU-LV). Transgenic mice were prepared by microinjection. Polymerase chain reaction and Southern blot analysis of genomic DNA extracted from the tail tissue of transgenic mice showed that the mice carried the β-glucanase gene. Northern blot analysis indicated that β-glucanase was specifically expressed in the intestine of the transgenic mice. The β-glucanase activity in the intestinal contents was found to be 1.23±0.32 U mL−1. The crude protein, crude fat digestibility of transgenic mice were increased by 9.32 and 5.09% (P<0.05), respectively, compared with that of the non-transgenic mice, while moisture in feces was reduced by 12.16% (P<0.05). These results suggest that the expression of β-glucanase in the intestine of animals offers a promising biological approach to reduce the anti-nutritional effect of β-glucans in feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Zeng Guan
- College of Animal Science, SCAU-Alltech Research Joint Alliance, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Agriculture College, Yanbian University, Yanji133000, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Qian-Yun Xi
- College of Animal Science, SCAU-Alltech Research Joint Alliance, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Yu-Ping Sun
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agriculture Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jing-Lan Wang
- College of Animal Science, SCAU-Alltech Research Joint Alliance, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jun-Yun Zhou
- College of Animal Science, SCAU-Alltech Research Joint Alliance, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Gang Shu
- College of Animal Science, SCAU-Alltech Research Joint Alliance, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qing-Yan Jiang
- College of Animal Science, SCAU-Alltech Research Joint Alliance, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yong-Liang Zhang
- College of Animal Science, SCAU-Alltech Research Joint Alliance, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Huang M, Li Z, Huang X, Gao W, Zhu C, Xu H, Yuan Y, Shuai L, Chen R, Zhenfang Wu, Dewu Liu. Co-expression of two fibrolytic enzyme genes in CHO cells and transgenic mice. Transgenic Res 2013; 22:779-90. [PMID: 23338789 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-012-9681-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose is the main non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) in plant cell walls and acts as anti-nutritional factor in animal feed. However, monogastric animals do not synthesize enzymes that cleave such plant structural polysaccharides and thus waste of resources and pollute the environment. We described the vectors construction and co-expressions of a multi-functional cellulase EGX (with the activities of exo-β-1,4-glucanase, endo-β-1,4-glucanase, and endo-β-1,4-xylanase activities) from mollusca, Ampullaria crossean and a β-glucosidase BGL1 from Asperjillus niger in CHO cells and the transgenic mice. The recombinant enzymes were synthesised, secreted by the direction of pig PSP signal peptide and functionally active in the eukaryote systems including both of CHO cells and transgenic mice by RT-PCR analysis, western blot analysis and cellulolytic enzymes activities assays. Expressions were salivary glands-specific dependent under the control of pig PSP promoter in transgenic mice. 2A peptide was used as the self-cleaving sequence to mediate co-expression of the fusion genes and the cleavage efficiency was very high both in vitro and in vivo according to the western blot analysis. In summary, we have demonstrated that the single ORF containing EGX and BGL1 were co-expressed by 2A peptide in CHO cells and transgenic mice. It presents a viable technology for efficient disruption of plant cell wall and liberation of nutrients. To our knowledge, this is the first report using 2A sequence to produce multiple cellulases in mammalian cells and transgenic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaorong Huang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China,
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β-Glucanase specific expression in the parotid gland of transgenic mice. Transgenic Res 2013; 22:805-12. [PMID: 23328918 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-012-9682-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Ya-Feng Z, Gang S, Xiao-Tong Z, Zhi-Qi Z, Xia-Jing L, Song-Bo W, Li-Na W, Yong-Liang Z, Qing-Yan J. Identification of an intestine-specific promoter and inducible expression of bacterial α-galactosidase in mammalian cells by a lac operon system. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2012; 3:32. [PMID: 23111091 PMCID: PMC3527164 DOI: 10.1186/2049-1891-3-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background α-galactosidase has been widely used in animal husbandry to reduce anti-nutritional factors (such as α-galactoside) in feed. Intestine-specific and substrate inducible expression of α-galactosidase would be highly beneficial for transgenic animal production. Methods To achieve the intestine-specific and substrate inducible expression of α-galactosidase, we first identified intestine-specific promoters by comparing the transcriptional activity and tissue specificity of four intestine-specific promoters from human intestinal fatty acid binding protein, rat intestinal fatty acid binding protein, human mucin-2 and human lysozyme. We made two chimeric constructs combining the promoter and enhancer of human mucin-2, rat intestinal trefoil factor and human sucrase-isomaltase. Then a modified lac operon system was constructed to investigate the induction of α-galactosidase expression and enzyme activity by isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) and an α-galactosidase substrate, α-lactose. We declared that the research carried out on human (Zhai Yafeng) was in compliance with the Helsinki Declaration, and experimental research on animals also followed internationally recognized guidelines. Results The activity of the human mucin-2 promoter was about 2 to 3 times higher than that of other intestine-specific promoters. In the lac operon system, the repressor significantly decreased (P < 0.05) luciferase activity by approximately 6.5-fold and reduced the percentage of cells expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) by approximately 2-fold. In addition, the expression level of α-galactosidase mRNA was decreased by 6-fold and α-galactosidase activity was reduced by 8-fold. In line with our expectations, IPTG and α-lactose supplementation reversed (P < 0.05) the inhibition and produced a 5-fold increase of luciferase activity, an 11-fold enhancement in the percentage of cells with GFP expression and an increase in α-galactosidase mRNA abundance (by about 5-fold) and α-galactosidase activity (by about 7-fold). Conclusions We have successfully constructed a high specificity inducible lac operon system in an intestine-derived cell line, which could be of great value for gene therapy applications and transgenic animal production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhai Ya-Feng
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Karmakar M, Ray R. Current Trends in Research and Application of Microbial Cellulases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.3923/jm.2011.41.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Fluri DA, Kelm JM, Lesage G, Baba MDE, Fussenegger M. InXy and SeXy, compact heterologous reporter proteins for mammalian cells. Biotechnol Bioeng 2007; 98:655-67. [PMID: 17461419 DOI: 10.1002/bit.21461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian reporter proteins are essential for gene-function analysis, drugscreening initiatives and as model product proteins for biopharmaceutical manufacturing. Bacillus subtilis can maintain its metabolism by secreting Xylanase A (XynA), which converts xylan into shorter xylose oligosaccharides. XynA is a family 11 xylanase monospecific for D-xylose containing substrates. Mammalian cells transgenic for constitutive expression of wild-type xynA showed substantial secretion of this prokaryotic enzyme. Deletion analysis confirmed that a prokaryotic signal sequence encoded within the first 81 nucleotides was compatible with the secretory pathway of mammalian cells. Codon optimization combined with elimination of the prokaryotic signal sequence resulted in an exclusively intracellular mammalian Xylanase A variant (InXy) while replacement by an immunoglobulin-derived secretion signal created an optimal secreted Xylanase A derivative (SeXy). A variety of chromogenic and fluorescence-based assays adapted for use with mammalian cells detected InXy and SeXy with high sensitivity and showed that both reporter proteins resisted repeated freeze/thaw cycles, remained active over wide temperature and pH ranges, were extremely stable in human serum stored at room temperature and could independently be quantified in samples also containing other prominent reporter proteins such as the human placental alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) and the Bacillus stearothermophilus-derived secreted alpha-amylase (SAMY). Glycoprofiling revealed that SeXy produced in mammalian cells was N- glycosylated at four different sites, mutation of which resulted in impaired secretion. SeXy was successfully expressed in a variety of mammalian cell lines and primary cells following transient transfection and transduction with adeno-associated virus particles (AAV) engineered for constitutive SeXy expression. Intramuscular injection of transgenic AAVs into mice showed significant SeXy levels in the bloodstream. InXy and SeXy are highly sensitive, compact and robust reporter proteins, fully compatible with pre-existing marker genes and can be assayed in high-throughput formats using very small sample volumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Fluri
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, HCI F115, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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Sohn BH, Chang HG, Kang HS, Yoon H, Bae YS, Lee KK, Kim SJ. High level expression of the bioactive human interleukin-10 in milk of transgenic mice. J Biotechnol 2003; 103:11-9. [PMID: 12770500 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1656(03)00072-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Human interleukin-10 (hIL-10) has wide spectrum of anti-inflammatory activities and has shown a potential to be used for treatment of inflammatory or immune illness. In this study, transgenic mice that over-express human interleukin-10 (IL-10) in their milk were generated using a bovine beta-casein/human IL-10 hybrid gene. After cloning of the IL-10 gene, a 22 kb hybrid gene was constructed by linking a 10 kb promoter sequence of the bovine beta-casein gene to the cloned 12 kb IL-10 gene. In six of the eight transgenic mice, the transgene RNA was expressed only in the mammary gland and in the other two mice, it was also slightly expressed in the lung. The highest human IL-10 level in milk was 1620 microg x ml(-1). Notably, transgenes in all the eight transgenic mice were expressed regardless of the integration site even though no correlation was shown between the copy numbers of the transgene and expression level. These results suggest that the genomic sequence of the human IL-10 gene can induce the IL-10 expression at high levels under the control of the bovine beta-casein promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hwa Sohn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, South Korea
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SAKKA KAZUO, KIMURA TETSUYA, KARITA SHUICHI, OHMIYA KUNIO. Molecular Breeding of Cellulolytic Microbes, Plants, and Animals for Biomass Utilization. J Biosci Bioeng 2000. [DOI: 10.1263/jbb.90.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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