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Alagawany M, Elnesr SS, Farag MR, El-Naggar K, Taha AE, Khafaga AF, Madkour M, Salem HM, El-Tahan AM, El-Saadony MT, Abd El-Hack ME. Betaine and related compounds: Chemistry, metabolism and role in mitigating heat stress in poultry. J Therm Biol 2022; 104:103168. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.103168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Gonzalo-Gobernado R, Perucho J, Vallejo-Muñoz M, Casarejos MJ, Reimers D, Jiménez-Escrig A, Gómez A, Ulzurrun de Asanza GM, Bazán E. Liver Growth Factor "LGF" as a Therapeutic Agent for Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239201. [PMID: 33276671 PMCID: PMC7730107 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive degenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia in aging populations. Although the pathological hallmarks of AD are well defined, currently no effective therapy exists. Liver growth factor (LGF) is a hepatic albumin-bilirubin complex with activity as a tissue regenerating factor in several neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease and Friedreich's ataxia. Our aim here was to analyze the potential therapeutic effect of LGF on the APPswe mouse model of AD. Twenty-month-old mice received intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of 1.6 µg LGF or saline, twice a week during three weeks. Mice were sacrificed one week later, and the hippocampus and dorsal cortex were prepared for immunohistochemical and biochemical studies. LGF treatment reduced amyloid-β (Aβ) content, phospho-Tau/Tau ratio and the number of Aβ plaques with diameter larger than 25 µm. LGF administration also modulated protein ubiquitination and HSP70 protein levels, reduced glial reactivity and inflammation, and the expression of the pro-apoptotic protein Bax. Because the administration of this factor also restored cognitive damage in APPswe mice, we propose LGF as a novel therapeutic tool that may be useful for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Gonzalo-Gobernado
- Servicio de Neurobiología, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (R.G.-G.); (J.P.); (M.V.-M.); (M.J.C.); (D.R.); (A.J.E.); (A.G.); (G.M.U.d.A.)
- National Centre for Biotechnology (CNB), CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Perucho
- Servicio de Neurobiología, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (R.G.-G.); (J.P.); (M.V.-M.); (M.J.C.); (D.R.); (A.J.E.); (A.G.); (G.M.U.d.A.)
| | - Manuela Vallejo-Muñoz
- Servicio de Neurobiología, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (R.G.-G.); (J.P.); (M.V.-M.); (M.J.C.); (D.R.); (A.J.E.); (A.G.); (G.M.U.d.A.)
| | - Maria José Casarejos
- Servicio de Neurobiología, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (R.G.-G.); (J.P.); (M.V.-M.); (M.J.C.); (D.R.); (A.J.E.); (A.G.); (G.M.U.d.A.)
| | - Diana Reimers
- Servicio de Neurobiología, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (R.G.-G.); (J.P.); (M.V.-M.); (M.J.C.); (D.R.); (A.J.E.); (A.G.); (G.M.U.d.A.)
| | - Adriano Jiménez-Escrig
- Servicio de Neurobiología, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (R.G.-G.); (J.P.); (M.V.-M.); (M.J.C.); (D.R.); (A.J.E.); (A.G.); (G.M.U.d.A.)
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Gómez
- Servicio de Neurobiología, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (R.G.-G.); (J.P.); (M.V.-M.); (M.J.C.); (D.R.); (A.J.E.); (A.G.); (G.M.U.d.A.)
| | - Gonzalo M. Ulzurrun de Asanza
- Servicio de Neurobiología, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (R.G.-G.); (J.P.); (M.V.-M.); (M.J.C.); (D.R.); (A.J.E.); (A.G.); (G.M.U.d.A.)
| | - Eulalia Bazán
- Servicio de Neurobiología, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (R.G.-G.); (J.P.); (M.V.-M.); (M.J.C.); (D.R.); (A.J.E.); (A.G.); (G.M.U.d.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-913-368-168
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Gonzalo-Gobernado R, Reimers D, Casarejos MJ, Calatrava Ferreras L, Vallejo-Muñoz M, Jiménez-Escrig A, Diaz-Gil JJ, Ulzurrun de Asanza GM, Bazán E. Liver Growth Factor Induces Glia-Associated Neuroprotection in an In Vitro Model of Parkinson´s Disease. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10050315. [PMID: 32455921 PMCID: PMC7287666 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10050315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive death of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra (SN), which leads to a loss of the neurotransmitter dopamine in the basal ganglia. Current treatments relieve the symptoms of the disease, but none stop or delay neuronal degeneration. Liver growth factor (LGF) is an albumin-bilirubin complex that stimulates axonal growth in the striatum and protects DA neurons in the SN of 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats. Our previous results suggested that these effects observed in vivo are mediated by microglia and/or astrocytes. To determine if these cells are LGF targets, E14 (embryos from Sprague Dawley rats of 14 days) rat mesencephalic glial cultures were used. Treatment with 100 pg/mL of LGF up-regulated the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) and the cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation in glial cultures, and it increased the microglia marker Iba1 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) protein levels. The treatment of E14 midbrain neurons with a glial-conditioned medium from LGF-treated glial cultures (GCM-LGF) prevented the loss of DA neurons caused by 6-hydroxy-dopamine. This neuroprotective effect was not observed when GCM-LGF was applied in the presence of a blocking antibody of TNF-alpha activity. Altogether, our findings strongly suggest the involvement of microglia and TNF-alpha in the neuroprotective action of LGF on DA neurons observed in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Gonzalo-Gobernado
- Servicio de Neurobiología, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (D.R.); (M.J.C.); (L.C.F.); (M.V.-M.); (J.J.D.-G.); (G.M.U.d.A.)
- National Centre for Biotechnology (CNB), CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (R.G.-G.); (E.B.); Tel.: +34-913-368-168 (R.G.-G. & E.B.)
| | - Diana Reimers
- Servicio de Neurobiología, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (D.R.); (M.J.C.); (L.C.F.); (M.V.-M.); (J.J.D.-G.); (G.M.U.d.A.)
| | - María José Casarejos
- Servicio de Neurobiología, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (D.R.); (M.J.C.); (L.C.F.); (M.V.-M.); (J.J.D.-G.); (G.M.U.d.A.)
| | - Lucía Calatrava Ferreras
- Servicio de Neurobiología, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (D.R.); (M.J.C.); (L.C.F.); (M.V.-M.); (J.J.D.-G.); (G.M.U.d.A.)
| | - Manuela Vallejo-Muñoz
- Servicio de Neurobiología, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (D.R.); (M.J.C.); (L.C.F.); (M.V.-M.); (J.J.D.-G.); (G.M.U.d.A.)
| | | | - Juan José Diaz-Gil
- Servicio de Neurobiología, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (D.R.); (M.J.C.); (L.C.F.); (M.V.-M.); (J.J.D.-G.); (G.M.U.d.A.)
| | - Gonzalo M. Ulzurrun de Asanza
- Servicio de Neurobiología, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (D.R.); (M.J.C.); (L.C.F.); (M.V.-M.); (J.J.D.-G.); (G.M.U.d.A.)
| | - Eulalia Bazán
- Servicio de Neurobiología, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (D.R.); (M.J.C.); (L.C.F.); (M.V.-M.); (J.J.D.-G.); (G.M.U.d.A.)
- Correspondence: (R.G.-G.); (E.B.); Tel.: +34-913-368-168 (R.G.-G. & E.B.)
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Cao XF, Jin SZ, Sun L, Zhan YB, Lin F, Li Y, Zhou YL, Wang XM, Gao L, Zhang B. Therapeutic effects of hepatocyte growth factor-overexpressing dental pulp stem cells on liver cirrhosis in a rat model. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15812. [PMID: 29150644 PMCID: PMC5693919 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14995-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cirrhosis is the terminal stage of hepatic diseases and is prone to develop into hepatocyte carcinoma. Increasing evidence suggests that the transplantation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) may promote recovery from cirrhosis, but the key regulatory mechanisms involved remain to be determined. In this study, we overexpressed human hepatocyte growth factor (hHGF) in primary rat DPSCs and evaluated the effects of HGF overexpression on the biological behaviors and therapeutic efficacy of grafted DPSCs in cirrhosis. Liver cirrhosis was induced via the intraperitoneal injection of CCl4 twice weekly for 12 weeks and was verified through histopathological and serological assays. HGF was overexpressed in DPSCs via transduction with a hHGF-lentiviral vector and confirmed based on the elevated expression and secretion of HGF. The HGF-overexpressing DPSCs were transplanted into rats intravenously. The HGF-overexpressing DPSCs showed increased survival and hepatogenic differentiation in host liver tissue at 6 weeks after grafting. They also exhibited a significantly greater repair potential in relation to cirrhosis pathology and impaired liver function than did DPSCs expressing HGF at physiological levels. Our study may provide an experimental basis for the development of novel methods for the treatment of liver cirrhosis in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fang Cao
- Department of Dentistry, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shi-Zhu Jin
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepatology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Liang Sun
- Department of Human Anatomy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yuan-Bo Zhan
- Institute of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Feng Lin
- Institute of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ying Li
- Institute of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ying-Lian Zhou
- Department of neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiu-Mei Wang
- Department of Dentistry, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Li Gao
- Department of Dentistry, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Institute of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China. .,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China.
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Calatrava-Ferreras L, Gonzalo-Gobernado R, Reimers D, Herranz AS, Casarejos MJ, Jiménez-Escrig A, Regadera J, Velasco-Martín J, Vallejo-Muñoz M, Díaz-Gil JJ, Bazán E. Liver Growth Factor (LGF) Upregulates Frataxin Protein Expression and Reduces Oxidative Stress in Friedreich's Ataxia Transgenic Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E2066. [PMID: 27941692 PMCID: PMC5187866 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17122066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Friedreich's ataxia (FA) is a severe disorder with autosomal recessive inheritance that is caused by the abnormal expansion of GAA repeat in intron 1 of FRDA gen. This alteration leads to a partial silencing of frataxin transcription, causing a multisystem disorder disease that includes neurological and non-neurological damage. Recent studies have proven the effectiveness of neurotrophic factors in a number of neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, we intend to determine if liver growth factor (LGF), which has a demonstrated antioxidant and neuroprotective capability, could be a useful therapy for FA. To investigate the potential therapeutic activity of LGF we used transgenic mice of the FXNtm1MknTg (FXN)YG8Pook strain. In these mice, intraperitoneal administration of LGF (1.6 μg/mouse) exerted a neuroprotective effect on neurons of the lumbar spinal cord and improved cardiac hypertrophy. Both events could be the consequence of the increment in frataxin expression induced by LGF in spinal cord (1.34-fold) and heart (1.2-fold). LGF also upregulated by 2.6-fold mitochondrial chain complex IV expression in spinal cord, while in skeletal muscle it reduced the relation oxidized glutathione/reduced glutathione. Since LGF partially restores motor coordination, we propose LGF as a novel factor that may be useful in the treatment of FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Calatrava-Ferreras
- Service of Neurobiology, Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rafael Gonzalo-Gobernado
- Service of Neurobiology, Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Diana Reimers
- Service of Neurobiology, Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Antonio S Herranz
- Service of Neurobiology, Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain.
| | - María J Casarejos
- Service of Neurobiology, Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Javier Regadera
- Departamento de Anatomía, Histología y Neurociencia Facultad de Medicina Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28400 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Juan Velasco-Martín
- Departamento de Anatomía, Histología y Neurociencia Facultad de Medicina Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28400 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Manuela Vallejo-Muñoz
- Service of Neurobiology, Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Juan José Díaz-Gil
- Service of Neurobiology, Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Eulalia Bazán
- Service of Neurobiology, Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain.
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Lobo MVT, Arenas MI, Huerta L, Sacristán S, Pérez-Crespo M, Gutiérrez-Adán A, Díaz-Gil JJ, Lasunción MA, Martín-Hidalgo A. Liver growth factor induces testicular regeneration in EDS-treated rats and increases protein levels of class B scavenger receptors. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2015; 308:E111-21. [PMID: 25389365 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00329.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to determine the effects of liver growth factor (LGF) on the regeneration process of rat testes after chemical castration induced by ethane dimethanesulfonate (EDS) by analyzing some of the most relevant proteins involved in cholesterol metabolism, such as hormone sensitive lipase (HSL), 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD), scavenger receptor SR-BI, and other components of the SR family that could contribute to the recovery of steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis in the testis. Sixty male rats were randomized to nontreated (controls) and LGF-treated, EDS-treated, and EDS + LGF-treated groups. Testes were obtained on days 10 (T1), 21 (T2), and 35 (T3) after EDS treatment, embedded in paraffin, and analyzed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. LGF improved the recovery of the seminiferous epithelia, the appearance of the mature pattern of Leydig cell interstitial distribution, and the expression of mature SR-BI. Moreover, LGF treatment resulted in partial recovery of HSL expression in Leydig cells and spermatogonia. No changes in serum testosterone were observed in control or LGF-treated rats, but in EDS-castrated animals LGF treatment induced a progressive increase in serum testosterone levels and 3β-HSD expression. Based on the pivotal role of SR-BI in the uptake of cholesteryl esters from HDL, it is suggested that the observed effects of LGF would facilitate the provision of cholesterol for sperm cell growth and Leydig cell recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V T Lobo
- Departamento de Biomedicina y Biotecnología, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - M I Arenas
- Departamento de Biomedicina y Biotecnología, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - L Huerta
- Servicio de Bioquímica-Departamento Investigación, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - S Sacristán
- Servicio de Bioquímica-Departamento Investigación, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Pérez-Crespo
- Departamento de Reproducción Animal y Conservación de Recursos Zoogenéticos, INIA, Madrid, Spain; and
| | - A Gutiérrez-Adán
- Departamento de Reproducción Animal y Conservación de Recursos Zoogenéticos, INIA, Madrid, Spain; and
| | - J J Díaz-Gil
- Servicio de Bioquímica Experimental, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - M A Lasunción
- Servicio de Bioquímica-Departamento Investigación, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Martín-Hidalgo
- Servicio de Bioquímica-Departamento Investigación, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain;
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Neuroprotective role of liver growth factor "LGF" in an experimental model of cerebellar ataxia. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:19056-73. [PMID: 25338046 PMCID: PMC4227260 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151019056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebellar ataxias (CA) comprise a heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative diseases characterized by a lack of motor coordination. They are caused by disturbances in the cerebellum and its associated circuitries, so the major therapeutic goal is to correct cerebellar dysfunction. Neurotrophic factors enhance the survival and differentiation of selected types of neurons. Liver growth factor (LGF) is a hepatic mitogen that shows biological activity in neuroregenerative therapies. We investigate the potential therapeutic activity of LGF in the 3-acetylpiridine (3-AP) rat model of CA. This model of CA consists in the lesion of the inferior olive-induced by 3-AP (40 mg/kg). Ataxic rats were treated with 5 µg/rat LGF or vehicle during 3 weeks, analyzing: (a) motor coordination by using the rota-rod test; and (b) the immunohistochemical and biochemical evolution of several parameters related with the olivo-cerebellar function. Motor coordination improved in 3-AP-lesioned rats that received LGF treatment. LGF up-regulated NeuN and Bcl-2 protein levels in the brainstem, and increased calbindin expression and the number of neurons receiving calbindin-positive projections in the cerebellum. LGF also reduced extracellular glutamate and GABA concentrations and microglia activation in the cerebellum. In view of these results, we propose LGF as a potential therapeutic agent in cerebellar ataxias.
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Pérez-Rial S, Del Puerto-Nevado L, Girón-Martínez A, Terrón-Expósito R, Díaz-Gil JJ, González-Mangado N, Peces-Barba G. Liver growth factor treatment reverses emphysema previously established in a cigarette smoke exposure mouse model. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2014; 307:L718-26. [PMID: 25172913 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00293.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an inflammatory lung disease largely associated with cigarette smoke exposure (CSE) and characterized by pulmonary and extrapulmonary manifestations, including systemic inflammation. Liver growth factor (LGF) is an albumin-bilirubin complex with demonstrated antifibrotic, antioxidant, and antihypertensive actions even at extrahepatic sites. We aimed to determine whether short LGF treatment (1.7 μg/mouse ip; 2 times, 2 wk), once the lung damage was established through the chronic CSE, contributes to improvement of the regeneration of damaged lung tissue, reducing systemic inflammation. We studied AKR/J mice, divided into three groups: control (air-exposed), CSE (chronic CSE), and CSE + LGF (LGF-treated CSE mice). We assessed pulmonary function, morphometric data, and levels of various systemic inflammatory markers to test the LGF regenerative capacity in this system. Our results revealed that the lungs of the CSE animals showed pulmonary emphysema and inflammation, characterized by increased lung compliance, enlargement of alveolar airspaces, systemic inflammation (circulating leukocytes and serum TNF-α level), and in vivo lung matrix metalloproteinase activity. LGF treatment was able to reverse all these parameters, decreasing total cell count in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and T-lymphocyte infiltration in peripheral blood observed in emphysematous mice and reversing the decrease in monocytes observed in chronic CSE mice, and tends to reduce the neutrophil population and serum TNF-α level. In conclusion, LGF treatment normalizes the physiological and morphological parameters and levels of various systemic inflammatory biomarkers in a chronic CSE AKR/J model, which may have important pathophysiological and therapeutic implications for subjects with stable COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Pérez-Rial
- Respiratory Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-CIBERES (IIS-FJD-CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Del Puerto-Nevado
- Respiratory Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-CIBERES (IIS-FJD-CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alvaro Girón-Martínez
- Respiratory Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-CIBERES (IIS-FJD-CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raúl Terrón-Expósito
- Respiratory Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-CIBERES (IIS-FJD-CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan J Díaz-Gil
- Respiratory Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-CIBERES (IIS-FJD-CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nicolás González-Mangado
- Respiratory Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-CIBERES (IIS-FJD-CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Germán Peces-Barba
- Respiratory Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-CIBERES (IIS-FJD-CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
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9
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Gonzalo-Gobernado R, Calatrava-Ferreras L, Perucho J, Reimers D, Casarejos MJ, Herranz AS, Jiménez-Escrig A, Díaz-Gil JJ, Bazán E. Liver growth factor as a tissue regenerating factor in neurodegenerative diseases. RECENT PATENTS ON CNS DRUG DISCOVERY 2014; 9:173-80. [PMID: 25537484 PMCID: PMC4485410 DOI: 10.2174/1574889809666141224123303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Liver growth factor (LGF) is a hepatic mitogen purified by our group in 1986. In the following years we demonstrated its activity both in "in vivo" and "in vitro" systems, stimulating hepatocytes mitogenesis as well as liver regeneration in several models of liver injury. Furthermore, we established its chemical composition (albumin-bilirubin complex) and its mitogenic actions in liver. From 2000 onwards we used LGF as a tissue regenerating factor in several models of extrahepatic diseases. The use of Liver growth factor as a neural tissue regenerator has been recently protected (Patent No US 2014/8,642,551 B2). LGF administration stimulates neurogenesis and neuron survival, promotes migration of newly generated neurons, and induces the outgrowth of striatal dopaminergic terminals in 6-hidroxydopamine-lesioned rats. Furthermore, LGF treatment raises striatal dopamine levels and protects dopaminergic neurons in hemiparkinsonian animals. LGF also stimulates survival of grafted foetal neural stem cells in the damaged striatum, reduces rotational behaviour and improves motor coordination. Interestingly, LGF also exerts a neuroprotective role both in an experimental model of cerebellar ataxia and in a model of Friedrich´s ataxia. Microglia seem to be the cellular target of LGF in the CNS. Moreover, the activity of the factor could be mediated by the stimulation of MAPK´s signalling pathway and by regulating critical proteins for cell survival, such as Bcl-2 and phospho-CREB. Since the factor shows neuroprotective and neurorestorative effects we propose LGF as a patented novel therapeutic tool that may be useful for the treatment of Parkinson´s disease and cerebellar ataxias. Currently, our studies have been extended to other neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (Patent No: US 2014/0113859 A1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Gonzalo-Gobernado
- Servicio de Neurobiología-Investigación, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS). Madrid, 28034, Spain
| | - Lucia Calatrava-Ferreras
- Servicio de Neurobiología-Investigación, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS). Madrid, 28034, Spain
| | - Juan Perucho
- Servicio de Neurobiología-Investigación, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS). Madrid, 28034, Spain
| | - Diana Reimers
- Servicio de Neurobiología-Investigación, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS). Madrid, 28034, Spain
| | - María J. Casarejos
- Servicio de Neurobiología-Investigación, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS). Madrid, 28034, Spain
| | - Antonio S. Herranz
- Servicio de Neurobiología-Investigación, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS). Madrid, 28034, Spain
| | | | - Juan J. Díaz-Gil
- Servicio de Neurobiología-Investigación, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS). Madrid, 28034, Spain
| | - Eulalia Bazán
- Servicio de Neurobiología-Investigación, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS). Madrid, 28034, Spain
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Gonzalo-Gobernado R, Calatrava-Ferreras L, Reimers D, Herranz AS, Rodríguez-Serrano M, Miranda C, Jiménez-Escrig A, Díaz-Gil JJ, Bazán E. Neuroprotective activity of peripherally administered liver growth factor in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67771. [PMID: 23861803 PMCID: PMC3701531 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver growth factor (LGF) is a hepatic mitogen purified some years ago that promotes proliferation of different cell types and the regeneration of damaged tissues, including brain tissue. Considering the possibility that LGF could be used as a therapeutic agent in Parkinson’s disease, we analyzed its potential neuroregenerative and/or neuroprotective activity when peripherally administered to unilaterally 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-lesioned rats. For these studies, rats subjected to nigrostriatal lesions were treated intraperitoneally twice a week with LGF (5 microg/rat) for 3 weeks. Animals were sacrificed 4 weeks after the last LGF treatment. The results show that LGF stimulates sprouting of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive terminals and increases tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine transporter expression, as well as dopamine levels in the denervated striatum of 6-OHDA-lesioned rats. In this structure, LGF activates microglia and raises tumor necrosis factor-alpha protein levels, which have been reported to have a role in neuroregeneration and neuroprotection. Besides, LGF stimulates the phosphorylation of MAPK/ERK1/2 and CREB, and regulates the expression of proteins which are critical for cell survival such as Bcl2 and Akt. Because LGF partially protects dopamine neurons from 6-OHDA neurotoxicity in the substantia nigra, and reduces motor deficits in these animals, we propose LGF as a novel factor that may be useful in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Diana Reimers
- Servicio de Neurobiología, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Sánchez Herranz
- Servicio de Neurobiología, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Cristina Miranda
- Servicio de Neurobiología, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Juan José Díaz-Gil
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eulalia Bazán
- Servicio de Neurobiología, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Conde MV, Gonzalez MC, Quintana-Villamandos B, Abderrahim F, Briones AM, Condezo-Hoyos L, Regadera J, Susin C, Gomez de Diego JJ, Delgado-Baeza E, Diaz-Gil JJ, Arribas SM. Liver growth factor treatment restores cell-extracellular matrix balance in resistance arteries and improves left ventricular hypertrophy in SHR. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2011; 301:H1153-65. [PMID: 21642499 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00886.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Liver growth factor (LGF) is an endogenous albumin-bilirubin complex with antihypertensive effects in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). We assessed the actions of LGF treatment on SHR mesenteric resistance and intramyocardial arteries (MRA and IMA, respectively), heart, and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). SHR and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats treated with vehicle or LGF (4.5 μg LGF/rat, 4 ip injections over 12 days) were used. Intra-arterial blood pressure was measured in anesthetized rats. The heart was weighted and paraffin-embedded. Proliferation, ploidy, and fibronectin deposition were studied in carotid artery-derived VSMC by immunocytochemistry. In MRA, we assessed: 1) geometry and mechanics by pressure myography; 2) function by wire myography; 3) collagen by sirius red staining and polarized light microscopy, and 4) elastin, cell density, nitric oxide (NO), and superoxide anion by confocal microscopy. Heart sections were used to assess cell density and collagen content in IMA. Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) regression was assessed by echocardiography. LGF reduced blood pressure only in SHR. LGF in vitro or as treatment normalized the alterations in proliferation and fibronectin in SHR-derived VSMC with no effect on WKY cells. In MRA, LGF treatment normalized collagen, elastin, and VSMC content and passive mechanical properties. In addition, it improved NO availability through reduction of superoxide anion. In IMA, LGF treatment normalized perivascular collagen and VSMC density, improving the wall-to-lumen ratio. Paired experiments demonstrated a partial regression of SHR LVH by LGF treatment. The effective cardiovascular antifibrotic and regenerative actions of LGF support its potential in the treatment of hypertension and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Victoria Conde
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamentos de Fisiologia, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid Spain
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Pérez-Crespo M, Pericuesta E, Pérez-Cerezales S, Arenas MI, Lobo MVT, Díaz-Gil JJ, Gutierrez-Adan A. Effect of liver growth factor on both testicular regeneration and recovery of spermatogenesis in busulfan-treated mice. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2011; 9:21. [PMID: 21294894 PMCID: PMC3042004 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-9-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2010] [Accepted: 02/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some adult stem cells persist in adult tissue; however, we do not know how to stimulate stem cells in adults to heal injuries. Liver growth factor (LGF) is a biliprotein with hepatic mitogen activity. Its concentration increases markedly in the presence of any type of liver injury, and it shows in vivo therapeutic biological activity at extrahepatic sites. METHODS We have analyzed the effect of LGF on the replenishment of germinal cells in the testes of mice injected with busulfan, a common cancer drug that also specifically affects germ line stem cells and spermatogonia. We determined the testicular and epididymal weight, spermatozoal concentration in the epididymis and sperm motility, and performed a histological analysis. RESULTS Intraperitoneal administration of LGF was able to partially restore spermatogenesis, as well as sperm production and motility, in mice sterilized with busulfan. LGF treatment in busulfan-treated animals that have suffered a disruption of spermatogenesis can accelerate the reactivation of this process in most of the tubules, as shown in the histological analysis. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest a potential use of LGF in the mobilization of testicular stem cells and in the restoration of spermatogenesis after busulfan-induced damage to the testicular germinal epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Pérez-Crespo
- Dpto de Reproducción Animal y Conservación de Recursos Zoogenéticos, INIA, Ctra de la Coruña Km 5.9, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Eva Pericuesta
- Dpto de Reproducción Animal y Conservación de Recursos Zoogenéticos, INIA, Ctra de la Coruña Km 5.9, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Serafín Pérez-Cerezales
- Dpto de Reproducción Animal y Conservación de Recursos Zoogenéticos, INIA, Ctra de la Coruña Km 5.9, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Maria I Arenas
- Dpto de Biología Celular y Genética, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria VT Lobo
- Dpto de Biología Celular y Genética, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan J Díaz-Gil
- Servicio de Bioquímica Experimental, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonso Gutierrez-Adan
- Dpto de Reproducción Animal y Conservación de Recursos Zoogenéticos, INIA, Ctra de la Coruña Km 5.9, Madrid 28040, Spain
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[Liver growth factor improves pulmonary fibrosis secondary to cadmium administration in rats]. Arch Bronconeumol 2010; 46:20-6. [PMID: 20034722 DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2009.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2009] [Revised: 09/04/2009] [Accepted: 10/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Liver growth factor (LGF) is a liver mitogen with regenerating and anti-fibrotic activity even at extrahepatic sites. We used LGF in a lung fibrosis model induced by cadmium chloride (CdCl(2)), to study its antifibrotic capacity. METHODS Forty-two male Wistar rats were administered a single dose of 0.5ml/rat of CdCl2 0.025% (n=21) or the same volume of saline (control group, n=21). After 35 days, once a lesion was established, we started a 3 week treatment with LGF, after which we determined lung function--inspiratory capacity (IC), lung compliance (LC), forced vital capacity (FVC) and expiratory flow at 75% (FEF75%)-, lung morphometry--alveolar internal area (AIA), mean linear intersection (LM)-, and collagen (both by Sirius red and hydroxyproline residues) and elastin contents. RESULTS Pulmonary fibrosis in CdCl(2) rats was characterized by a marked decrease in pulmonary function with respect to healthy controls -reductions of 28% in IC, 38% in CL, 31% in FVC, and 54% in FEF75%- which was partially recovered after LGF injection -18% IC, 27% CL, 19% FVC and 35% FEF75%-; increase in collagen and elastin contents -165% and 76%, respectively, in CdCl2 rats, versus 110% and 34% after LGF injection-; and increases in AIA and LM, partially reverted by LGF. CONCLUSIONS Together, these data seem to demonstrate that LGF is able to improve lung function and partially reverts the increase in lung matrix proteins produced by CdCl(2) instillation.
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Martínez-Galán L, del Puerto-Nevado L, Pérez-Rial S, Díaz-Gil JJ, González-Mangado N, Peces-Barba G. Liver Growth Factor Improves Pulmonary Fibrosis Secondary to Cadmium Administration in Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1579-2129(10)70005-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Resch M, Wiest R, Moleda L, Fredersdorf S, Stoelcker B, Schroeder JA, Schölmerich J, Endemann DH. Alterations in mechanical properties of mesenteric resistance arteries in experimental portal hypertension. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2009; 297:G849-57. [PMID: 19696142 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00084.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Splanchnic vasodilation is the pathophysiological hallmark in the development of the hyperdynamic circulatory syndrome in liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension. This has been attributed so far mainly to a marked vascular hyporeactivity to endogenous vasoconstrictors. However, myogenic tone and vessel stiffness have not been addressed in mesenteric arteries in liver cirrhosis. CCl(4)(-)-induced ascitic cirrhotic (LC) and age-matched control rats, portal vein-ligated (PVL) rats, and sham-operated rats were investigated. Third-order mesenteric resistance arteries were studied under no-flow conditions using a pressure myograph measuring media thickness and lumen diameter in response to incremental increases in intramural pressure, from which wall mechanics were calculated. Electron microscopy was used for investigation of wall ultrastructure, especially the fenestrae in internal elastic lamina (IEL). In PVL animals, no significant change in passive vessel strain, stress, media-to-lumen ratio, or cross-sectional area was noted. In contrast, in LC rats, vessel strain was markedly elevated compared with healthy control rats, indicating a marked reduction in vessel stiffness. In addition, the strain-stress curve was shifted to the right, and the elastic modulus in dependency on vessel stress decreased, demonstrating predominantly structure-dependent factors to be involved. The media-to-lumen quotient was not significantly altered, but cross-sectional area was highly increased in LC rats, indicating hypertrophic outward remodeling. These findings were paralleled by enlarged fenestrae in the IEL but no change in thickness of IEL or proportion of extracellular matrix or vascular smooth muscle in LC rats. We concluded that, in long-standing severe portal hypertension such as ascitic LC but not in short-term conditions such as PVL, mesenteric resistance arteries exhibit vascular remodeling and markedly less resistant mechanical properties, leading to decreased vessel stiffness accompanied by structural changes in the IEL. This may well contribute to the maintenance and severity of splanchnic arterial vasodilation in LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Resch
- Department of Internal Medicine II, School of Medicine, University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
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Guerra R, Trotta M, Parra O, Avanzo J, Bateman A, Aloia T, Dagli M, Hernandez-Blazquez F. Modulation of extracellular matrix by nutritional hepatotrophic factors in thioacetamide-induced liver cirrhosis in the rat. Braz J Med Biol Res 2009; 42:1027-34. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2009005000027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2008] [Accepted: 07/31/2009] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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Condezo-Hoyos L, Abderrahim F, Conde MV, Susín C, Díaz-Gil JJ, González MC, Arribas SM. Antioxidant activity of liver growth factor, a bilirubin covalently bound to albumin. Free Radic Biol Med 2009; 46:656-62. [PMID: 19133327 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2008.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2008] [Revised: 10/17/2008] [Accepted: 12/03/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that treatment of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) with liver growth factor (LGF), an albumin-bilirubin complex with a covalent bond, reduces blood pressure, improves nitric oxide (NO)-dependent vasodilatation, and exerts vascular antifibrotic actions. Because bilirubin, albumin, and albumin-bound bilirubins have antioxidant properties, we hypothesize that LGF might exert its cardiovascular actions through an antioxidant mechanism. We have tested in vitro the capacity of LGF to scavenge ABTS cation and peroxyl and hydroxyl radicals and to protect vascular NO from degradation by superoxide anion. We have also compared the antioxidant capacity of LGF with that of its molecular components albumin and bilirubin and the reference antioxidant trolox. LGF exhibited antioxidant capacity against all free radicals tested at lower concentrations than albumin, bilirubin, and trolox. LGF, bilirubin, and albumin were also able to protect endothelial NO from superoxide anion degradation in a fashion similar to that of superoxide dismutase or tiron, but at much lower concentrations. These data, together with our previous results in SHR, suggest that LGF might exert its cardiovascular regenerative actions, at least in part, through an antioxidant mechanism and that LGF could be a relevant circulating antioxidant in situations of oxidative stress.
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Gonzalo-Gobernado R, Reimers D, Herranz AS, Díaz-Gil JJ, Osuna C, Asensio MJ, Baena S, Rodríguez-Serrano M, Bazán E. Mobilization of neural stem cells and generation of new neurons in 6-OHDA-lesioned rats by intracerebroventricular infusion of liver growth factor. J Histochem Cytochem 2009; 57:491-502. [PMID: 19188487 DOI: 10.1369/jhc.2009.952275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells with self-renewal and multilineage potential persist in the subventricular zone of the adult mammalian forebrain. These cells remain relatively quiescent but, under certain conditions, can be stimulated, giving rise to new neurons. Liver growth factor (LGF) is a mitogen for liver cells that shows biological activity in extrahepatic sites and is useful for neuroregenerative therapies. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential neurogenic activity of LGF in the 6-hydroxydopamine rat model of Parkinson's disease. Proliferation was significantly increased in the subventricular zone and denervated striatum of rats receiving ICV LGF infusions, and 25% of the proliferating cells were doublecortin-positive neurons. Doublecortin-positive cells with the morphology of migrating neuroblasts were also observed in the dorsal and ventral regions of the striatum of LGF-infused animals. Moreover, some newly generated cells were neuronal nuclei-positive mature neurons. LGF also stimulated microglia and induced astrogliosis, both phenomena associated with generation and migration of new neurons in the adult brain. In summary, our study shows that LGF stimulates neurogenesis when applied intraventricularly in 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats. Considering that this factor also promotes neuronal migration into damaged tissue, we propose LGF as a novel factor useful for neuronal replacement in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Gonzalo-Gobernado
- Servicio de Neurobiología, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Carretera de Colmenar Km. 9.1, 28034 Madrid, Spain
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Kim Y, Park H, Kwon K, Kim H. J Pharmacopuncture 2007; 10:101-107. [DOI: 10.3831/kpi.2007.10.1.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] Open
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Reimers D, Herranz AS, Díaz-Gil JJ, Lobo MVT, Paíno CL, Alonso R, Asensio MJ, Gonzalo-Gobernado R, Bazán E. Intrastriatal Infusion of Liver Growth Factor Stimulates Dopamine Terminal Sprouting and Partially Restores Motor Function in 6-Hydroxydopamine-lesioned Rats. J Histochem Cytochem 2006; 54:457-65. [PMID: 16344326 DOI: 10.1369/jhc.5a6805.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver growth factor (LGF) is a mitogen for liver cells that shows biological activity in extrahepatic sites and may be useful for neuroregenerative therapies. The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of the intrastriatal (IS) infusion of LGF in the 6-hydroxydopamine rat model of Parkinson's disease. Tyrosine hydroxylase-positive innervation was significantly increased in the dopamine-denervated striatum of rats receiving intrastriatal LGF infusions (160 ng/day/rat × 15 days) as compared with a vehicle-infused group. There was no evidence of dopaminergic neurogenesis in the striatum or substantia nigra in any experimental group at the times studied. However, in those animals undergoing IS-LGF infusion for 48 hr, we found a significant increase in both microglial proliferation and in the number of microglial cells that acquired the ameboid morphology. This is characteristic of activated microglia/macrophages that has been reported to play an important role in dopamine terminal sprouting. In summary, our study shows that IS infusion of LGF stimulates the outgrowth of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive terminals in the striatum of 6-hydroxydopamine-treated rats. As apomorphine-induced rotational behavior was also reduced in these animals, we propose LGF as a novel factor that, when delivered to the striatum, may be useful in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Reimers
- Servicio de Neurobiología, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain
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Díaz-Gil JJ, Majano PL, López-Cabrera M, Sánchez-López V, Rúa C, Machín C, Trilla C, García-Cañero R, Moreno-Otero R. The mitogenic activity of the liver growth factor is mediated by tumor necrosis factor alpha in rat liver. J Hepatol 2003; 38:598-604. [PMID: 12713870 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-8278(03)00030-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Liver growth factor (LGF) is a hepatic mitogen, however, the hepatic stimulation pathway remains to be characterized. The aim of this study was to determine whether tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) stimulation constitutes a step in the mitogenic pathway of LGF. METHODS Rats were injected with 4.5 microg LGF/rat, and LGF activity was measured both by liver DNA synthesis stimulation and "proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-positive" hepatocytes in rats injected with LGF or +anti-TNF-alpha. TNF-alpha expression was evaluated by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. TNF-alpha-producing cells were immunodetected. Human endothelial cells (HUVEC) were stimulated by LGF. TNF-alpha was detected in the supernatant, and the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular endothelial adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) by flow cytometry analysis. RESULTS LGF-injected rats showed higher intrahepatic TNF-alpha expression. DNA synthesis and PCNA-positive hepatocytes induced by LGF were inhibited by anti-TNF-alpha, PCNA-positive hepatocytes being especially abundant around the central vein when LGF was injected alone, but TNF-alpha exhibited increased signal intensity in endothelial cells of the portal vein. LGF stimulated TNF-alpha secretion in HUVEC, but did not stimulate ICAM-1 or VCAM-1 up-regulation. CONCLUSIONS The mitogenic cascade initiated by LGF in rat liver in vivo depends, at least in part, on TNF-alpha stimulation. Portal vein endothelial cells seem to be a source of TNF-alpha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan J Díaz-Gil
- Servicio de Bioquímica Experimental, Clínica Puerta de Hierro, S. Martín de Porres 4, Madrid 28035, Spain.
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