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Zhang R, Wei Y, Liu X, Wu Y. Development and efficacy evaluation of a novel water-in-oil-in-water adjuvant for an inactivated foot-and-mouth disease vaccine. Pharm Dev Technol 2024; 29:75-85. [PMID: 38217108 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2024.2305107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
To develop a novel water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) adjuvant and evaluate the effect on foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) inactivated vaccine, in this study, we prepared the novel nano-emulsion adjuvant based on QS-21 (BEA) which is composed of the mixture of mineral oil Marcol52, surfactant Tween80, oleate polyoxyethylene ether ester, polyoxyethylene palmitic acid ester and span80, cosurfactant polyethylene glycol and QS-21. The two-step emulsification method formed the W/O/W nano-emulsion with two films and three-phase structures. The effective particle diameter of the BEA was about 184 nm, and it has good thermal stability. Then, BEA was emulsified as an adjuvant to prepare for the inactivated FMDV vaccine, and BALB/c mice and pigs were immunized to evaluate its safety and immunization effect. The results showed that the inactivated BEA-FMDV vaccine significantly increased BALB/c mice and pigs' antibodies and cytokine IFN-γ in serum. Meanwhile, the pig-neutralizing antibodies were higher than control group. Safety tests found no symptoms of FMD or significant toxic reactions. After 28 days of immunization, the protection rate can reach 93.3%. The BEA vaccine had good stability at 4 °C, no stratification after 180 days, and the content of 146S in the vaccine did not decrease. In conclusion, the BEA prepared in this study is suitable for FMDV inactivated vaccine and is an effective adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- China Agricultural Vet Biological Science and Technology Co., Ltd, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yanming Wei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xuerong Liu
- China Agricultural Vet Biological Science and Technology Co., Ltd, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yongshu Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang, A&F University, Hangzhou, China
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2
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Sobti B, Kamal-Eldin A, Rasul S, Alnuaimi MSK, Alnuaimi KJJ, Alhassani AAK, Almheiri MMA, Nazir A. Encapsulation Properties of Mentha piperita Leaf Extracts Prepared Using an Ultrasound-Assisted Double Emulsion Method. Foods 2023; 12:foods12091838. [PMID: 37174375 PMCID: PMC10178374 DOI: 10.3390/foods12091838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Double emulsions (W1/O/W2) have long been used in the food and pharmaceutical industries to encapsulate hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs and bioactive compounds. This study investigated the effect of different types of emulsifiers (plant- vs. animal-based proteins) on the encapsulation properties of Mentha piperita leaf extract (MLE) prepared using the double emulsion method. Using response surface methodology, the effect of ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions (amplitude 20-50%; time 10-30 min; ethanol concentration 70-90%) on the total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity (percent inhibition) of the MLE was studied. MLE under optimized conditions (ethanol concentration 76%; amplitude 39%; time 30 min) had a TPC of 62.83 mg GA equivalents/g and an antioxidant activity of 23.49%. The optimized MLE was encapsulated using soy, pea, and whey protein isolates in two emulsifying conditions: 4065× g/min and 4065× g/30 s. The droplet size, optical images, rheology, and encapsulation efficiency (EE%) of the different encapsulated MLEs were compared. The W1/O/W2 produced at 4065× g/min exhibited a smaller droplet size and higher EE% and viscosity than that prepared at 4065× g/30 s. The higher EE% of soy and pea protein isolates indicated their potential as an effective alternative for bioactive compound encapsulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhawna Sobti
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Afaf Kamal-Eldin
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sanaa Rasul
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mariam Saeed Khalfan Alnuaimi
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Khulood Jaber Jasim Alnuaimi
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Alia Ali Khsaif Alhassani
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mariam M A Almheiri
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Akmal Nazir
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
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3
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Gao X, Chen Z, Chen Z, Liu X, Luo Y, Xiao J, Gao Y, Ma Y, Liu C, Leo HL, Yu H, Guo Q. Visualization and Evaluation of Chemoembolization on a 3D Decellularized Organ Scaffold. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:5642-5653. [PMID: 34735119 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c01005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) has emerged as the mainstay treatment for patients suffering from unresectable intermediate hepatocellular carcinoma and also holds the potential to treat other types of hypervascular cancers such as renal cell carcinoma. However, an in vitro model for evaluating both embolic performance and drug-release kinetics of the TACE embolic agents is still lacking since the current models greatly simplified the in vivo vascular systems as well as the extracellular matrices (ECM) in the organs. Here, we developed a decellularized organ model with preserved ECM and vasculatures as well as a translucent appearance to investigate chemoembolization performances of a clinically widely used embolic agent, i.e., a doxorubicin-loaded ethiodised oil (EO)-based emulsion. We, for the first time, utilized an ex vivo model to evaluate the liquid-based embolic agent in two organs, i.e., liver and kidneys. We found that the EO-based emulsion with enhanced stability by incorporating an emulsifier, i.e., hydrogenated castor oil-40 (HCO), showed an enhanced occlusion level and presented sustained drug release in the ex vivo liver model, suggesting an advantageous therapeutic effect for TACE treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. In contrast, we observed that drug-release burst happened when applying the same therapy in the kidney model even with the HCO emulsifier, which may be explained by the presence of the specific renal vasculature and calyceal systems, indicating an unfavorable effect in the renal tumor treatment. Such an ex vivo model presents a promising template for chemoembolization evaluation before in vivo experiments for the development of novel embolic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Gao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Zijian Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Engineering Drive 3, Engineering Block 4, #04-08, 117583 Singapore
| | - Zhengchang Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Xiaoya Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Yucheng Luo
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Jingyu Xiao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Yanan Gao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Yutao Ma
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Chuang Liu
- Cryo-EM Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Hwa Liang Leo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Engineering Drive 3, Engineering Block 4, #04-08, 117583 Singapore
| | - Hanry Yu
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 117411 Singapore.,Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 138669 Singapore.,Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117593 Singapore.,Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 138602 Singapore
| | - Qiongyu Guo
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
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Khadem B, Khellaf M, Sheibat-Othman N. Investigating swelling-breakdown in double emulsions. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.124181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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5
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Langenbach MC, Vogl TJ, von den Driesch I, Kaltenbach B, Scholtz JE, Hammerstingl RM, Gruber-Rouh T. Analysis of Lipiodol uptake in angiography and computed tomography for the diagnosis of malignant versus benign hepatocellular nodules in cirrhotic liver. Eur Radiol 2019; 29:6539-6549. [DOI: 10.1007/s00330-019-06297-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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6
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Major-Godlewska M. Evaluation of drops dimensions in time and rheological properties of the multiple emulsion. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-019-00754-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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7
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Urano R, Pantelopulos GA, Straub JE. Aerosol-OT Surfactant Forms Stable Reverse Micelles in Apolar Solvent in the Absence of Water. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:2546-2557. [PMID: 30688469 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b07847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Normal micelle aggregates of amphiphilic surfactant in aqueous solvents are formed by a process of entropically driven self-assembly. The self-assembly of reverse micelles from amphiphilic surfactant in a nonpolar solvent in the presence of water is considered to be an enthalpically driven process. Although the formation of normal and reverse surfactant micelles has been well characterized in theory and experiment, the nature of dry micelle formation, from amphiphilic surfactant in a nonpolar solvent in the absence of water, is poorly understood. In this study, a theory of dry reverse micelle formation is developed. Variation in free energy during micelle assembly is derived for the specific case of aerosol-OT surfactant in isooctane solvent using atomistic molecular dynamics simulation analyzed using the energy representation method. The existence and thermodynamic stability of dry reverse micelles of limited size are confirmed. The abrupt occurrence of monodisperse aggregates is a clear signature of a critical micelle concentration, commonly observed in the formation of normal surfactant micelles. The morphology of large dry micelles provides insight into the nature of the thermodynamic driving forces stabilizing the formation of the surfactant aggregates. Overall, this study provides detailed insight into the structure and stability of dry reverse micelles assembly in a nonpolar solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Urano
- Chemistry Department , Boston University , 590 Commonwealth Avenue , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States
| | - George A Pantelopulos
- Chemistry Department , Boston University , 590 Commonwealth Avenue , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States
| | - John E Straub
- Chemistry Department , Boston University , 590 Commonwealth Avenue , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States
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8
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Deschamps F, Isoardo T, Denis S, Tsapis N, Tselikas L, Nicolas V, Paci A, Fattal E, de Baere T, Huang N, Moine L. Biodegradable Pickering emulsions of Lipiodol for liver trans-arterial chemo-embolization. Acta Biomater 2019; 87:177-186. [PMID: 30708065 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Water-in-oil (W/O) Lipiodol emulsions remain the preferable choice for local delivery of chemotherapy in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. However, their low stability severely hampers their efficiency. Here, remarkably stable W/O Lipiodol emulsion stabilized by biodegradable particles was developed thanks to Pickering technology. The addition of poly(lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles (NPs) into the aqueous-phase of the formulation led to W/O Pickering emulsion by a simple emulsification process through two connected syringes. Influence of nanoparticles concentration and water/oil ratio on emulsion stability and droplet size were studied. All formulated Pickering emulsions were W/O type, stable for at least one month and water droplets size could be tuned by controlling nanoparticle concentration from 24 µm at 25 mg/mL to 69 µm at 5 mg/mL. The potential of these emulsions to efficiently encapsulate chemotherapy was studied through the internalization of doxorubicin (DOX) into the aqueous phase with a water/oil ratio of 1/3 as recommended by the medical community. Loaded-doxorubicin was released from conventional emulsion within a few hours whereas doxorubicin from stable Pickering emulsion took up to 10 days to be completely released. In addition, in vitro cell viability evaluations performed on the components of the emulsion and the Pickering emulsion have shown no significant toxicity up to relatively high concentrations of NPs (3 mg/mL) on two different cell lines: HUVEC and HepG2. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: We present an original experimental research in the field of nanotechnology for biomedical applications. In particular, we have formulated, thanks to Pickering technology, a new therapeutic emulsion stabilized with biodegradable PLGA nanoparticles. As far as we know, this is the first therapeutic Pickering emulsion reported in the literature for hepatocellular carcinoma. Such a new emulsion allows to easily prepare a predictable and stable lipiodolized emulsion having all the required characteristics for optimum tumor uptake. As demonstrated throughout our manuscript, emulsions stabilized with these nanoparticles have the advantage of being biodegradable, biocompatible and less toxic compared to usual emulsions stabilized with synthetic surfactants. These findings demonstrate the plausibility of the use of Pickering emulsions for chemoembolization as a therapeutic agent in extended release formulations.
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9
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Ahmad N, Ahmad R, Alam MA, Ahmad FJ, Amir M, Pottoo FH, Sarafroz M, Jafar M, Umar K. Daunorubicin oral bioavailability enhancement by surface coated natural biodegradable macromolecule chitosan based polymeric nanoparticles. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 128:825-838. [PMID: 30690115 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.01.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Daunorubicin hydrochloride (DAUN·HCl), due to low oral bioavailability poses the hindrance to be marketed as an oral formulation. AIM OF THE STUDY To develop a natural biodegradable macromolecule i.e. Chitosan (CS)-coated-DAUN-PLGA-poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-Nanoparticles (NPs) with an aim to improve oral-DAUN bioavailability and to develop as well as validate UHPLC-MS/MS (ESI/Q-TOF) method for plasma quantification and pharmacokinetic analysis (PK) of DAUN. RESULTS A particle size (198.3 ± 9.21 nm), drug content (47.06 ± 1.16 mg/mg) and zeta potential (11.3 ± 0.98 mV), consisting of smooth and spherical shape was observed for developed formulation. Cytotoxicity studies for CS-DAUN-PLGA-NPs revealed; a comparative superiority over free DAUN-S (i.v.) in human breast adenocarcinoma cell lines (MCF-7) and a higher permeability i.e. 3.89 folds across rat ileum, as compared to DAUN-PLGA-NPs (p < 0.01) inhuman colon adenocarcinoma cell line (Caco-2). For PK, CS-DAUN-PLGA-NPs as compared to DAUN-S, exhibited a 10.0 fold higher bioavailability in Wister rat's plasma due to presence of a natural biodegradable macromolecule i.e. CS coated on the PLGA-NPs. With regard to bioanalytical method, easy as well as a rapid method for DAUN-plasma quantification was developed as; 2.75 min and 528.49/321.54 m/z for DAUN along with 1.94 min and 544.36/397.41 m/z for IS i.e. Doxorubicin, for elution time and transition, respectively. CONCLUSION A novel natural biodegradable approach used in the preparation of CS coated DAUN-NPs for oral administration of DAUN is reported in this study which is can be utilized as an alternate for intravenous therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niyaz Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Rizwan Ahmad
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Aftab Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Gautam Budh Nagar, Greater Noida 201310, India
| | - Farhan Jalees Ahmad
- Nanomedicine Lab, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohd Amir
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faheem Hyder Pottoo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Sarafroz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Jafar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Umar
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
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10
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Urano R, Pantelopulos GA, Song S, Straub JE. Characterization of dynamics and mechanism in the self-assembly of AOT reverse micelles. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:144901. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5042771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Urano
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - George A. Pantelopulos
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Shanshan Song
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - John E. Straub
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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11
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Kubota K, Hidaka H, Nakazawa T, Okuwaki Y, Yamane K, Inoue T, Uojima H, Takada J, Tanaka Y, Shibuya A, Fujii K, Woodhams R, Matsunaga K, Kokubu S, Koizumi W. Prospective, randomized, controlled study of the efficacy of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization with miriplatin for hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatol Res 2018; 48:E98-E106. [PMID: 28656607 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) has been recognized as a treatment option for patients with intermediate hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This randomized, controlled study compared the local control efficacy of TACE with miriplatin (platinum monohydrate) or with epirubicin. METHODS The study group consisted of 200 Japanese patients with unresectable HCC treated at the Kitasato University East Hospital (Sagamihara, Japan) between July 2010 and June 2013. The primary end-point of the study was time to tumor progression (TTP). RESULTS We analyzed 198 patients (99 in the miriplatin group and 99 in the epirubicin group) treated with TACE. The median TTP in the epirubicin group was 5.9 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.8-7.0) and 7.6 months (95% CI, 5.8-9.4) in the miriplatin group. There was a significant difference between the two groups (P = 0.021; risk ratio, 1.488; 95% CI: 1.061-2.086). In the epirubicin group, 53 patients (53%) had complete response, 24 patients (24%) had partial response, 12 patients (12%) had stable disease, and 10 patients (10%) had progressive disease. In the miriplatin group, 38 patients (38%) had complete response, 41 patients (41%) had partial response, 2 patients (2%) had stable disease, and 18 patients (18%) had progressive disease. There was no significant difference in the response rate (P = 0.862). Overall incidences of adverse events and adverse drug reactions did not differ significantly between the two groups. CONCLUSION Miriplatin proved more effective than epirubicin in TACE for unresectable HCC. The trial described in this work has been registered under the trial number: UMIN000004790.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kousuke Kubota
- Department of Gastroenterology, Internal Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Hisashi Hidaka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Internal Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Takahide Nakazawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Internal Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Yusuke Okuwaki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Internal Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Keiko Yamane
- Department of Gastroenterology, Internal Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Inoue
- Department of Gastroenterology, Internal Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Haruki Uojima
- Department of Gastroenterology, Internal Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Juichi Takada
- Department of Gastroenterology, Internal Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Internal Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Akitaka Shibuya
- Department of Gastroenterology, Internal Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Kaoru Fujii
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Reiko Woodhams
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Keiji Matsunaga
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Shigehiro Kokubu
- Shin-Yurigaoka General Hospital, Liver Disease Minimal Invasive Treatment, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Wasaburo Koizumi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Internal Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
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Vasiljevic D, Djuris J, Jakimenko S, Ibric S. Application of the fractional factorial design in multiple W/O/W emulsions. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2016.1278551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dragana Vasiljevic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Djuris
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sergej Jakimenko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Svetlana Ibric
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Preparation of Nanoemulsions by Premix Membrane Emulsification: Which Parameters Have a Significant Influence on the Resulting Particle Size? J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:2068-2076. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.04.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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14
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Zhu Q, Feng L, Saito M, Yin L. Preparation and characterization of W/O/W double emulsions containing MgCl2. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2017.1318076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiaomei Zhu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Feng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Masayoshi Saito
- Biological Resources and Post-Harvest Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Lijun Yin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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15
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On the pressure balance and the resulting phase fraction in compressed multiple emulsions. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2016.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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K.S J, Sharma CP, Kalarikkal N, Sandeep. K, Thomas S, Pothen LA. Evaluation of in-vitro cytotoxicity and cellular uptake efficiency of zidovudine-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles modified with Aloe Vera in glioma cells. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 66:40-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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17
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Orizondo RA, Fabiilli ML, Morales MA, Cook KE. Effects of Emulsion Composition on Pulmonary Tobramycin Delivery During Antibacterial Perfluorocarbon Ventilation. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv 2016; 29:251-9. [PMID: 26741303 DOI: 10.1089/jamp.2015.1235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effectiveness of inhaled aerosolized antibiotics is limited by poor ventilation of infected airways. Pulmonary delivery of antibiotics emulsified within liquid perfluorocarbon [antibacterial perfluorocarbon ventilation (APV)] may solve this problem through better airway penetration and improved spatial uniformity. However, little work has been done to explore emulsion formulation and the corresponding effects on drug delivery during APV. This study investigated the effects of emulsion formulation on emulsion stability and the pharmacokinetics of antibiotic delivery via APV. METHODS Gravity-driven phase separation was examined in vitro by measuring emulsion tobramycin concentrations at varying heights within a column of emulsion over 4 hours for varying values of fluorosurfactant concentration (Cfs = 5-48 mg/mL H2O). Serum and pulmonary tobramycin concentrations in rats were then evaluated following pulmonary tobramycin delivery via aerosol or APV utilizing sufficiently stable emulsions of varying aqueous volume percentage (Vaq = 1%-5%), aqueous tobramycin concentration (Ct = 20-100 mg/mL), and Cfs (15 and 48 mg/mL H2O). RESULTS In vitro assessment showed sufficient spatial and temporal uniformity of tobramycin dispersion within emulsion for Cfs ≥15 mg/mL H2O, while lower Cfs values showed insufficient emulsification even immediately following preparation. APV with stable emulsion formulations resulted in 5-22 times greater pulmonary tobramycin concentrations at 4 hours post-delivery relative to aerosolized delivery. Concentrations increased with emulsion formulations utilizing increased Vaq (with decreased Ct) and, to a lesser extent, increased Cfs. CONCLUSIONS The emulsion stability necessary for effective delivery is retained at Cfs values as low as 15 mg/mL H2O. Additionally, the pulmonary retention of antibiotic delivered via APV is significantly greater than that of aerosolized delivery and can be most effectively increased by increasing Vaq and decreasing Ct. APV has been further proven as an effective means of pulmonary drug delivery with the potential to significantly improve antibiotic therapy for lung disease patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A Orizondo
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Mario L Fabiilli
- 2 Department of Radiology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Marissa A Morales
- 3 Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,4 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Keith E Cook
- 4 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Double emulsion solvent evaporation techniques used for drug encapsulation. Int J Pharm 2015; 496:173-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.10.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Mahmood T, Akhtar N, Manickam S. Interfacial film stabilized W/O/W nano multiple emulsions loaded with green tea and lotus extracts: systematic characterization of physicochemical properties and shelf-storage stability. J Nanobiotechnology 2014; 12:20. [PMID: 24885994 PMCID: PMC4025563 DOI: 10.1186/1477-3155-12-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Multiple emulsions have excellent encapsulating potential and this investigation has been aimed to encapsulate two different plant extracts as functional cosmetic agents in the W/O/W multiple emulsions and the resultant system’s long term stability has been determined in the presence of a thickener, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC). Methods Multiple W/O/W emulsions have been generated using cetyl dimethicone copolyol as lipophilic emulsifier and a blend of polyoxyethylene (20) cetyl ether and cetomacrogol 1000® as hydrophilic emulsifiers. The generated multiple emulsions have been characterized with conductivity, pH, microscopic analysis, phase separation and rheology for a period of 30 days. Moreover, long term shelf-storage stability has been tested to understand the shelf-life by keeping the generated multiple emulsion formulations at 25 ± 10°C and at 40 ± 10% relative humidity for a period of 12 months. Results It has been observed that the hydrophilic emulsifiers and HPMC have considerably improved the stability of multiple emulsions for the followed period of 12 months at different storage conditions. These multiple emulsions have shown improved entrapment efficiencies concluded on the release rate of conductometric tracer entrapped in the inner aqueous phase of the multiple emulsions. Conclusion Multiple emulsions have been found to be stable for a longer period of time with promising characteristics. Hence, stable multiple emulsions loaded with green tea and lotus extracts could be explored for their cosmetic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq Mahmood
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Alternative Medicine, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan.
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Orizondo RA, Babcock CI, Fabiilli ML, Pavlovsky L, Fowlkes JB, Younger JG, Cook KE. Characterization of a reverse-phase perfluorocarbon emulsion for the pulmonary delivery of tobramycin. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv 2014; 27:392-9. [PMID: 24476046 DOI: 10.1089/jamp.2013.1058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aerosolized delivery of antibiotics is hindered by poor penetration within distal and plugged airways. Antibacterial perfluorocarbon ventilation (APV) is a proposed solution in which the lungs are partially or totally filled with perfluorocarbon (PFC) containing emulsified antibiotics. The purpose of this study was to evaluate emulsion stability and rheological, antibacterial, and pharmacokinetic characteristics. METHODS This study examined emulsion aqueous droplet diameter and number density over 24 hr and emulsion and neat PFC viscosity and surface tension. Additionally, Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm growth was measured after 2-hr exposure to emulsion with variable aqueous volume percentages (0.25, 1, and 2.5%) and aqueous tobramycin concentrations (Ca=0.4, 4, and 40 mg/mL). Lastly, the time course of serum and pulmonary tobramycin concentrations was evaluated following APV and conventional aerosolized delivery of tobramycin in rats. RESULTS The initial aqueous droplet diameter averaged 1.9±0.2 μm with little change over time. Initial aqueous droplet number density averaged 3.5±1.7×10(9) droplets/mL with a significant (p<0.01) decrease over time. Emulsion and PFC viscosity were not significantly different, averaging 1.22±0.03×10(-3) Pa·sec. The surface tensions of PFC and emulsion were 15.0±0.1×10(-3) and 14.6±0.6×10(-3) N/m, respectively, and the aqueous interfacial tensions were 46.7±0.3×10(-3) and 26.9±11.0×10(-3) N/m (p<0.01), respectively. Biofilm growth decreased markedly with increasing Ca and, to a lesser extent, aqueous volume percentage. Tobramycin delivered via APV yielded 2.5 and 10 times larger pulmonary concentrations at 1 and 4 hr post delivery, respectively, and significantly (p<0.05) lower serum concentrations compared with aerosolized delivery. CONCLUSIONS The emulsion is bactericidal, retains the rheology necessary for pulmonary delivery, is sufficiently stable for this application, and results in increased pulmonary retention of the antibiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A Orizondo
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI
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Stability of a cosmetic multiple emulsion loaded with green tea extract. ScientificWorldJournal 2013; 2013:153695. [PMID: 24058284 PMCID: PMC3766562 DOI: 10.1155/2013/153695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple emulsions are excellent and exciting potential systems for the delivery of useful cosmetic agents. The work describes stability of a multiple emulsion for cosmetic purpose, loaded with extract of Camellia sinensis L. (Theaceae) in concentration of 5%. The formulation constitutes of cetyl dimethicone copolyol and polyoxyethylene (20) cetyl ether as emulsifiers and was characterised and monitored for various physicochemical aspects. Centrifugation has no devastating effect on physical destabilization/phase separation observed for 30 days. Mean globule sizes of multiple droplets were found in the range of 10.29 ± 4.4 μm to 12.77 ± 5.1 μm and of inner droplets were in the range of 0.8 ± 0.4 μm to 1.6 ± 0.8 μm. All samples exhibited shear thinning behavior with increase in shear stress. The results of the present study indicate that multiple emulsions can be used as carrier of 5% Camellia sinensis L. extract to enhance desired effects. The developed physically and chemically stable system is an effective system for targeting skin layers; however, long-term stability at elevated temperatures may be needed with suitable modifications, if required.
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Nabi-Meibodi M, Vatanara A, Najafabadi AR, Rouini MR, Ramezani V, Gilani K, Etemadzadeh SMH, Azadmanesh K. The effective encapsulation of a hydrophobic lipid-insoluble drug in solid lipid nanoparticles using a modified double emulsion solvent evaporation method. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2013; 112:408-14. [PMID: 24036624 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Raloxifene HCl (RH), a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM), is indicated for the prophylaxis or treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. RH shows extremely poor bioavailability due to limited solubility and an extensive intestinal/hepatic first-pass metabolism. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) are valuable carriers that can enhance drug bioavailability. However, in the case of RH, the encapsulation of the drug in SLNs remains a challenge because of its poor solubility in both water and lipids. In this study, a series of RH-containing SLNs (RH-SLNs) were generated using a modified double emulsion solvent evaporation (DESE) method. Briefly, RH with various drug/lipid ratios was solubilized in the inner core of a double emulsion using different water/organic solvent mixtures. Our best formulation was achieved with the formation of negatively charged nanoparticles, 180nm in diameter, with an encapsulation and loading efficiency of 85% and 4.5%, respectively. It also showed a Fickian mechanism of the drug release in the basic dissolution media. Thermal analysis revealed a distinct decrease in the crystallinity of lipids and RH in comparison with the unprocessed materials. The results of a cell viability assay also showed a better antiproliferative effect of the drug-loaded SLNs versus the free drug solution. Thus, these results indicated that the modified DESE method could be proposed for the effective encapsulation of RH in SLNs with appropriate physicochemical and biological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Nabi-Meibodi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran; Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science, Yazd, Iran
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Giunchedi P, Maestri M, Gavini E, Dionigi P, Rassu G. Transarterial chemoembolization of hepatocellular carcinoma. Agents and drugs: an overview. Part 1. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2013; 10:679-90. [PMID: 23406440 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2013.770733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common lethal malignancies. The prognosis is poor despite progress in early diagnosis. The initial treatment of choice is hepatic resection; unfortunately, not all patients are eligible for liver resection. Moreover, there are significant recurrences. Different liver-directed therapies have been developed to increase the number of patients eligible for liver resection. Among them, transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is a technique of improving importance that involves the intra-arterial administration of anticancer drugs and embolization agents into the liver tumor. In the first part of this review, an overview of the present situation in the field of TACE has been made, referring in particular to the use of Lipiodol. AREAS COVERED Clinical overview of TACE with attention to the present limits and problems of this technique. EXPERT OPINION The use of TACE techniques is important in the treatment of HCCs. However, this technique needs to be improved in particular taking into account the use of new materials for the preparation of embolizing agents able to control the drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Giunchedi
- University of Sassari, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Sassari, Italy.
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Wolf F, Koehler K, Schuchmann HP. Stabilization of Water Droplets in Oil with PGPR for Use in Oral and Dermal Applications. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4530.2012.00688.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Tang SY, Sivakumar M, Ng AMH, Shridharan P. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of novel oral aspirin-loaded nanoemulsion and nano multiple emulsion formulations generated using ultrasound cavitation. Int J Pharm 2012; 430:299-306. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Simovic S, Barnes TJ, Tan A, Prestidge CA. Assembling nanoparticle coatings to improve the drug delivery performance of lipid based colloids. NANOSCALE 2012; 4:1220-1230. [PMID: 22159191 DOI: 10.1039/c1nr11273b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Lipid based colloids (e.g. emulsions and liposomes) are widely used as drug delivery systems, but often suffer from physical instabilities and non-ideal drug encapsulation and delivery performance. We review the application of engineered nanoparticle layers at the interface of lipid colloids to improve their performance as drug delivery systems. In addition we focus on the creation of novel hybrid nanomaterials from nanoparticle-lipid colloid assemblies and their drug delivery applications. Specifically, nanoparticle layers can be engineered to enhance the physical stability of submicron lipid emulsions and liposomes, satbilise encapsulated active ingredients against chemical degradation, control molecular transport and improve the dermal and oral delivery characteristics, i.e. increase absorption, bioavailability and facilitate targeted delivery. It is feasible that hybrid nanomaterials composed of nanoparticles and colloidal lipids are effective encapsulation and delivery systems for both poorly soluble drugs and biological drugs and may form the basis for the next generation of medicines. Additional pre-clinical research including specific animal model studies are required to advance the peptide/protein delivery systems, whereas the silica lipid hybrid systems have now entered human clinical trials for poorly soluble drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spomenka Simovic
- Ian Wark Research Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
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Preparation and characterization of encapsulation of multiple lipid carrier (MLC) using vegetable fat. J IND ENG CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2011.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Liu J, Qiu Z, Wang S, Zhou L, Zhang S. A modified double-emulsion method for the preparation of daunorubicin-loaded polymeric nanoparticle with enhancedin vitroanti-tumor activity. Biomed Mater 2010; 5:065002. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/5/6/065002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Schmidts T, Dobler D, Schlupp P, Nissing C, Garn H, Runkel F. Development of multiple W/O/W emulsions as dermal carrier system for oligonucleotides: effect of additives on emulsion stability. Int J Pharm 2010; 398:107-13. [PMID: 20674722 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2010.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2010] [Revised: 07/21/2010] [Accepted: 07/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Multiple water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) emulsions are of major interest as potential skin delivery systems for water-soluble drugs like oligonucleotides due to their distinct encapsulation properties. However, multiple emulsions are highly sensitive in terms of variations of the individual components. The presence of osmotic active ingredients in the inner water phase is crucial for the generation of stable multiple emulsions. In order to stabilize the emulsions the influence of NaCl, MgSO(4), glucose and glycine and two cellulose derivatives was investigated. Briefly, multiple W/O/W emulsions using Span 80 as a lipophilic emulsifier and different hydrophilic emulsifiers (PEG-40/50 stearate, steareth-20 and polysorbate 80) were prepared. Stability of the emulsions was analyzed over a period of time using rheological measurements, droplet size observations and conductivity analysis. In this study we show that additives strongly influence the properties stability of multiple emulsions. By increasing the concentration of the osmotic active ingredients, smaller multiple droplets are formed and the viscosity is significantly increased. The thickening agents resulted in a slightly improved stability. The most promising emulsions were chosen and further evaluated for their suitability and compatibility to incorporate a DNAzyme oligonucleotide as active pharmaceutical ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Schmidts
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Giessen-Friedberg, 35390 Giessen, Germany.
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Liu W, Yang XL, Ho WSW. Preparation of uniform-sized multiple emulsions and micro/nano particulates for drug delivery by membrane emulsification. J Pharm Sci 2010; 100:75-93. [PMID: 20589949 DOI: 10.1002/jps.22272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2010] [Revised: 05/20/2010] [Accepted: 05/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Much attention has in recent years been paid to fine applications of drug delivery systems, such as multiple emulsions, micro/nano solid lipid and polymer particles (spheres or capsules). Precise control of particle size and size distribution is especially important in such fine applications. Membrane emulsification can be used to prepare uniform-sized multiple emulsions and micro/nano particulates for drug delivery. It is a promising technique because of the better control of size and size distribution, the mildness of the process, the low energy consumption, easy operation and simple equipment, and amendable for large scale production. This review describes the state of the art of membrane emulsification in the preparation of monodisperse multiple emulsions and micro/nano particulates for drug delivery in recent years. The principles, influence of process parameters, advantages and disadvantages, and applications in preparing different types of drug delivery systems are reviewed. It can be concluded that the membrane emulsification technique in preparing emulsion/particulate products for drug delivery will further expand in the near future in conjunction with more basic investigations on this technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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Tamilvanan S. Formulation of multifunctional oil-in-water nanosized emulsions for active and passive targeting of drugs to otherwise inaccessible internal organs of the human body. Int J Pharm 2009; 381:62-76. [PMID: 19666097 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2009.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2009] [Revised: 07/28/2009] [Accepted: 08/04/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Oil-in-water (o/w) type nanosized emulsions (NE) have been widely investigated as vehicles/carrier for the formulation and delivery of drugs with a broad range of applications. A comprehensive summary is presented on how to formulate the multifunctional o/w NE for active and passive targeting of drugs to otherwise inaccessible internal organs of the human body. The NE is classified into three generations based on its development over the last couple of decades to make ultimately a better colloidal carrier for a target site within the internal and external organs/parts of the body, thus allowing site-specific drug delivery and/or enhanced drug absorption. The third generation NE has tremendous application for drug absorption enhancement and for 'ferrying' compounds across cell membranes in comparison to its first and second generation counterparts. Furthermore, the third generation NE provides an interesting opportunity for use as drug delivery vehicles for numerous therapeutics that can range in size from small molecules to macromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunmugaperumal Tamilvanan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Sankaralingam Bhuvaneswari College of Pharmacy, Sivakasi, Tamil Nadu State, India.
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Raafat D, Sahl HG. Chitosan and its antimicrobial potential--a critical literature survey. Microb Biotechnol 2009; 2:186-201. [PMID: 21261913 PMCID: PMC3815839 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-7915.2008.00080.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 432] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2008] [Revised: 12/02/2008] [Accepted: 12/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan, an aminopolysaccharide biopolymer, has a unique chemical structure as a linear polycation with a high charge density, reactive hydroxyl and amino groups as well as extensive hydrogen bonding. It displays excellent biocompatibility, physical stability and processability. The term 'chitosan' describes a heterogeneous group of polymers combining a group of physicochemical and biological characteristics, which allow for a wide scope of applications that are both fascinating and as yet uncharted. The increased awareness of the potentials and industrial value of this biopolymer lead to its utilization in many applications of technical interest, and increasingly in the biomedical arena. Although not primarily used as an antimicrobial agent, its utility as an ingredient in both food and pharmaceutical formulations lately gained more interest, when a scientific understanding of at least some of the pharmacological activities of this versatile carbohydrate began to evolve. However, understanding the various factors that affect its antimicrobial activity has become a key issue for a better usage and a more efficient optimization of chitosan formulations. Moreover, the use of chitosan in antimicrobial systems should be based on sufficient knowledge of the complex mechanisms of its antimicrobial mode of action, which in turn would help to arrive at an appreciation of its entire antimicrobial potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Raafat
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), Pharmaceutical Microbiology Unit, University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany.
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Vladisavljević GT, Williams RA. Recent developments in manufacturing emulsions and particulate products using membranes. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2005; 113:1-20. [PMID: 15763236 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2004.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2004] [Accepted: 10/15/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Membrane emulsification (ME) is a relatively new technique for the highly controlled production of particulates. This review focuses on the recent developments in this area, ranging from the production of simple oil-in-water (O/W) or water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions to multiple emulsions of different types, solid-in-oil-in-water (S/O/W) dispersions, coherent solids (silica particles, solid lipid microspheres, solder metal powder) and structured solids (solid lipid microcarriers, gel microbeads, polymeric microspheres, core-shell microcapsules and hollow polymeric microparticles). Other emerging technologies that extend the capabilities into different membrane materials and operation methods (such as rotating membranes, repeated membrane extrusion of coarsely pre-emulsified feeds) are introduced. The results of experimental work carried out by cited researchers in the field together with those of the current authors are presented in a tabular form in a rigorous and systematic manner. These demonstrate a wide range of products that can be manufactured using different membrane approaches. Opportunities for creation of new and novel entities are highlighted for low throughput applications (medical diagnostics, healthcare) and for large-scale productions (consumer and personal products).
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran T Vladisavljević
- Institute of Food Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 127, YU-11081 Belgrade-Zemun, Serbia & Montenegro.
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Tamilvanan S. Oil-in-water lipid emulsions: implications for parenteral and ocular delivering systems. Prog Lipid Res 2005; 43:489-533. [PMID: 15522762 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2004.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Lipid emulsions (LEs) are heterogenous dispersions of two immiscible liquids (oil-in-water or water-in-oil) and they are subjected to various instability processes like aggregation, flocculation, coalescence and hence eventual phase separation according to the second law of thermodynamics. However, the physical stability of the LE can substantially be improved with help of suitable emulsifiers that are capable of forming a mono- or multi-layer coating film around the dispersed liquid droplets in such a way to reduce interfacial tension or to increase droplet-droplet repulsion. Depending on the concentrations of these three components (oil-water-emulsifier) and the efficiency of the emulsification equipments used to reduce droplet size, the final LE may be in the form of oil-in-water (o/w), water-in-oil (w/o), micron, submicron and double or multiple emulsions (o/w/o and w/o/w). The o/w type LEs (LE) are colloidal drug carriers, which have various therapeutic applications. As an intravenous delivery system it incorporates lipophilic water non-soluble drugs, stabilize drugs that tend to undergo hydrolysis and reduce side effects of various potent drugs. When the LE is used as an ocular delivery systems they increase local bioavailability, sustain the pharmacological effect of drugs and decrease systemic side effects of the drugs. Thus, the rationale of using LE as an integral part of effective treatment is clear. Following administration of LE through these routes, the biofate of LE associated bioactive molecules are somehow related to the vehicles disposition kinetics inside blood or eyeball. However, the LE is not devoid from undergoing various bio-process while exerting their efficacious actions. The purpose of this review is therefore to give an implication of LE for parenteral and ocular delivering systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tamilvanan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector-67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India.
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Preparation of fine W/O/W emulsion through membrane filtration of coarse W/O/W emulsion and disappearance of the inclusion of outer phase solution. Food Hydrocoll 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s0268-005x(03)00042-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Shima M, Tanaka M, Kimura Y, Adachi S, Matsuno R. Hydrolysis of the oil phase of a W/O/W emulsion by pancreatic lipase. J Control Release 2004; 94:53-61. [PMID: 14684271 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2003.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
W/O/W emulsions are expected to protect bioactive substances from degradation by pancreatic enzymes. We investigated the enzymatic hydrolysis of the oil phase and release of a marker substance from the inner-aqueous phase to the outer-aqueous phase using an artificial digestive fluid. Octanoic acid triacylglycerol (C8TG) was used as the oil phase. W/O/W emulsions were prepared by two-step homogenization and succeeding membrane filtration. When the artificial digestive fluid containing lipase and gall was added to the emulsion, release of the marker substance from the inner-phase solution, oil-phase hydrolysis, and emulsion coalescence occurred in that order. When a coarse emulsion and 0.2- and 0.8-microm membrane-filtered fine emulsions were treated with the fluid for 1 h, the degrees of C8TG hydrolysis were 3.8%, 55% and 57%, the fractions of the marker substance released from the inner-water phase were 2.7%, 89% and 72%, and the median diameters of the oil droplets were changed from 32 to 23 microm, 0.71 to 27 microm, and from 2.2 to 26 microm, respectively. These results suggested that the diameter of the oil droplets in the W/O/W emulsion significantly affected the release profile of the marker loaded in the inner-water phase of the emulsion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motohiro Shima
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawaoiwake-cho, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
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