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Magalhães L, Barbosa S, Fagundes N, Almeida M, Carneiro L, Brandão F, Nogueira G, Pereira E, Saut J. Ovarian steroids modulate the systemic inflammatory response OF COWS challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) intrauterine INFUSION. Theriogenology 2022; 182:35-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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de Graaff W, Grimard B. Progesterone-releasing devices for cattle estrus induction and synchronization: Device optimization to anticipate shorter treatment durations and new device developments. Theriogenology 2018; 112:34-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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3
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Karuppannan C, Sivaraj M, Kumar JG, Seerangan R, Balasubramanian S, Gopal DR. Fabrication of Progesterone-Loaded Nanofibers for the Drug Delivery Applications in Bovine. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2017; 12:116. [PMID: 28228001 PMCID: PMC5309186 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-016-1781-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Progesterone is a potent drug for synchronization of the estrus and ovulation cycles in bovine. At present, the estrus cycle of bovine is controlled by the insertion of progesterone-embedded silicone bands. The disadvantage of nondegradable polymer inserts is to require for disposal of these bands after their use. The study currently focuses on preparation of biodegradable progesterone-incorporated nanofiber for estrus synchronization. Three different concentrations (1.2, 1.9, and 2.5 g) of progesterone-impregnated nanofibers were fabricated using electrospinning. The spun membrane were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Uniform surface morphology, narrow size distribution, and interaction between progesterone and zein were confirmed by SEM. FTIR spectroscopy indicated miscibility and interaction between zein and progesterone. X-ray analysis indicated that the size of zein crystallites increased with progesterone content in nanofibers. Significant differences in thermal behavior of progesterone-impregnated nanofiber were observed by DSC. Cell viability studies of progesterone-loaded nanofiber were examined using MTT assay. In vitro release experiment is to identify the suitable progesterone concentration for estrus synchronization. This study confirms that progesterone-impregnated nanofibers are an ideal vehicle for progesterone delivery for estrus synchronization of bovines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chitra Karuppannan
- Translational Research Platform for Veterinary Biologicals, Chennai, India
| | - Mehnath Sivaraj
- Translational Research Platform for Veterinary Biologicals, Chennai, India
| | - J. Ganesh Kumar
- Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India
| | | | - S. Balasubramanian
- Translational Research Platform for Veterinary Biologicals, Chennai, India
| | - Dhinakar Raj Gopal
- Translational Research Platform for Veterinary Biologicals, Chennai, India
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Busatto CA, Labie H, Lapeyre V, Auzely-Velty R, Perro A, Casis N, Luna J, Estenoz DA, Ravaine V. Oil-in-microgel strategy for enzymatic-triggered release of hydrophobic drugs. J Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 493:356-364. [PMID: 28126608 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Polymer microgels have received considerable attention due to their great potential in the biomedical field as drug delivery systems. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a naturally occurring glycosaminoglycan composed of N-acetyl-d-glucosamine and d-glucuronic acid. This polymer is biodegradable, nontoxic, and can be chemically modified. In this work, a co-flow microfluidic strategy for the preparation of biodegradable HA microgels encapsulating hydrophobic drugs is presented. The approach relies on: (i) generation of a primary oil-in-water (O/W) nanoemulsion by the ultrasonication method, (ii) formation of a double oil-in-water-in-oil emulsion (O/W/O) using microfluidics, and (iii) cross-linking of microgels by photopolymerization of HA precursors modified with methacrylate groups (HA-MA) present in the aqueous phase of the droplets. The procedure is used for the encapsulation and controlled release of progesterone. Degradability and encapsulation/release studies in PBS buffer at 37°C in presence of different concentrations of hyaluronidase are performed. It is demonstrated that enzymatic degradation can be used to trigger the release of progesterone from microgels. This method provides precise control of the release system and can be applied for the encapsulation and controlled release of different types of hydrophobic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Busatto
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química, INTEC (Universidad Nacional del Litoral and CONICET), Güemes 3450, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - H Labie
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, Site ENSCBP, 16 avenue Pey Berland, 33607 Pessac, France
| | - V Lapeyre
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, Site ENSCBP, 16 avenue Pey Berland, 33607 Pessac, France
| | - R Auzely-Velty
- Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales (CERMAV-CNRS), affiliated with Université Joseph Fourier, 601 rue de la Chimie, 38041 Grenoble, France
| | - A Perro
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, Site ENSCBP, 16 avenue Pey Berland, 33607 Pessac, France
| | - N Casis
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química, INTEC (Universidad Nacional del Litoral and CONICET), Güemes 3450, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - J Luna
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química, INTEC (Universidad Nacional del Litoral and CONICET), Güemes 3450, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - D A Estenoz
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química, INTEC (Universidad Nacional del Litoral and CONICET), Güemes 3450, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - V Ravaine
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, Site ENSCBP, 16 avenue Pey Berland, 33607 Pessac, France.
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Romero AI, Bermudez JM, Villegas M, Dib Ashur MF, Parentis ML, Gonzo EE. Modeling of Progesterone Release from Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) Membranes. AAPS PharmSciTech 2016; 17:898-906. [PMID: 26729524 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-015-0410-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) biodegradable polymeric membranes were evaluated as platform for progesterone (Prg)-controlled release. In the design of new drug delivery systems, it is important to understand the mass transport mechanism involved, as well as predict the process kinetics. Drug release experiments were conducted and the experimental results were evaluated using engineering approaches that were extrapolated to the pharmaceutical field by our research group. Membranes were loaded with different Prg concentrations and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). SEM images showed that membranes have a dense structure before and after the progesterone addition. DSC and FTIR allowed determining the influence of the therapeutic agent in the membrane properties. The in vitro experiments were performed using two different techniques: (A) returning the sample to the receptor solution (constant volume of the delivery medium) and (B) extracting total volume of the receptor solution. In this work, we present a simple and accurate "lumped" second-order kinetic model. This lumped model considers the different mass transport steps involved in drug release systems. The model fits very well the experimental data using any of the two experimental procedures, in the range 0 ≤ t ≤ ∞ or 0 ≤ M t ≤ M ∞. The drug release analysis using our proposed approaches is relevant for establishing in vitro-in vivo correlations in future tests in animals.
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Araya-Sibaja AM, Soldi V, de Campos CEM, Cardoso SG, Cuffini SL. Crystal growth of progesterone metastable and stable polymorphs by polymer induced herteronucleation (PIHn) method. CRYSTAL RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/crat.201500145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Valdir Soldi
- Grupo de estudo em materiais poliméricos (POLIMAT); Departamento de Química; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; Florianópolis Brasil
| | | | - Simone Gonçalves Cardoso
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; Florianópolis Brasil
| | - Silvia Lucia Cuffini
- Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia; Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São José dos Campos; São Paulo Brasil
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Development of an injection molded ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) intravaginal insert for the delivery of progesterone to cattle. Anim Reprod Sci 2015; 158:104-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Wong TW, Dhanawat M, Rathbone MJ. Vaginal drug delivery: strategies and concerns in polymeric nanoparticle development. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2014; 11:1419-34. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2014.924499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Araya-Sibaja AM, Soldi V, Campos CEM, Cardoso SG, Cuffini SL. Crystallization of progesterone polymorphs using polymer-induced heteronucleation (PIHn) method. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2014; 41:851-8. [PMID: 24758712 DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2014.909839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Progesterone is a natural hormone steroid used in humans for several treatments and in livestock for artificial insemination, which exhibits two polymorphic forms at ambient conditions: form 1 and form 2. Form 2 is metastable and more soluble than form 1; however, it is not suitable to use as powder raw material because it transforms into form 1 by the effects of grinding. A polymorphic screening of progesterone based on polymer-induced heteronucleation method was performed as an alternative to prepare the metastable form. Polyvinyl alcohol, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), dextran, gelatin, polyisoprene (PI) and acrylonitrile-butadiene (NBR) copolymer were used. Crystals were prepared from 0.5, 10 and 40 mg/mL solutions in acetone at room temperature by solvent evaporation. The samples were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microcopy and attenuated total reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy. Form 1 was nucleated from 40 mg/mL solutions on the six polymers and from 10 mg/mL solutions on PI and NBR. The mixture of form 1 and form 2 was obtained from 10 mg/mL solution on HPMC, dextran and gelatin and from 0.5 mg/mL solution crystallizations. Therefore, the polymeric devices, which crystallized the metastable and more soluble polymorph (2) of progesterone, would be a promissory alternative for the pharmaceutical applications.
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Effect of melatonin treatment on semen parameters and endocrine function in Black Racka rams out of the breeding season. Small Rumin Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2013.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Bermudez JM, Cid AG, Ramírez-Rigo MV, Quinteros D, Simonazzi A, Sánchez Bruni S, Palma S. Challenges and opportunities in polymer technology applied to veterinary medicine. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2013; 37:105-24. [DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2012] [Accepted: 07/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. M. Bermudez
- Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química (INIQUI); Universidad Nacional de Salta; CONICET; Salta Argentina
| | - A. G. Cid
- Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química (INIQUI); Universidad Nacional de Salta; CONICET; Salta Argentina
| | - M. V. Ramírez-Rigo
- Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química (PLAPIQUI); Universidad Nacional del Sur; CONICET; Bahía Blanca Argentina
| | - D. Quinteros
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Departamento de Farmacia; Unidad de investigación y desarrollo en tecnología farmacéutica (UNITEFA); CONICET; Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Córdoba Argentina
| | - A. Simonazzi
- Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química (INIQUI); Universidad Nacional de Salta; CONICET; Salta Argentina
| | - S. Sánchez Bruni
- Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN); Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Pcia. de Buenos Aires; CONICET; Tandil Argentina
| | - S. Palma
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Departamento de Farmacia; Unidad de investigación y desarrollo en tecnología farmacéutica (UNITEFA); CONICET; Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Córdoba Argentina
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12
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Araya-Sibaja AMA, Fandaruff C, Campos CEM, Soldi V, Cardoso SG, Cuffini SL. Morphology study of progesterone polymorphs prepared by polymer-induced heteronucleation (PIHn). SCANNING 2013; 35:213-221. [PMID: 23034679 DOI: 10.1002/sca.21045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In this article, morphology of progesterone polymorphs prepared by polymer-induced heteronucleation (PIHn) technique was studied. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose(HPMC), such as dextran T-500 and gelatin G-9382, polyisoprene (PI), and acrylonitrile/butadiene copolymer (NBR) were used as substrates. The crystallizations were performed by solvent evaporation at room temperature from 0.5, 10, and 40 mg/ml solutions in chloroform and acetone. Progesterone polymorphs were identified by X-ray diffraction. Differential scanning calorimetry and total attenuated reflectance infrared spectroscopy were used as complementary techniques in the identification. Depending on the polymeric matrix and the concentration used, form 1, form 2, or mixture of both polymorphs were obtained. Scanning electron microscopy pictures evidenced difference in morphology and in homogeneity of the two progesterone polymorphs. These polymorphs prepared by PIHn, did not present a distinctive morphology that allows identifying polymorph by its crystal habit. Hence, polymeric matrix induced the crystallization, affecting polymorphism and morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M A Araya-Sibaja
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brasil
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Gardyne SJ, Mucalo MR, Rathbone MJ. The application of co-melt-extruded poly(ε-caprolactone) as a controlled release drug delivery device when combined with novel bioactive drug candidates: Membrane permeation and Hanson dissolution studies. RESULTS IN PHARMA SCIENCES 2011; 1:80-7. [PMID: 25755986 DOI: 10.1016/j.rinphs.2011.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Revised: 11/17/2011] [Accepted: 11/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Eight bioactive drug compounds (abamectin, amoxicillin, dexamethasone, dexamethasone valerate, ketoprofen, melatonin, oestradiol 17β, and oestradiol benzoate) were combined via melt extrusion and disc pressing processes with a polycaprolactone (PCL) matrix and were then evaluated and compared via membrane diffusion and Hanson dissolution studies. This investigation was to determine the potential of this matrix to act as a controlled release drug delivery vehicle for a number of drugs not previously combined with PCL in a melt extrusion mix. The inclusion of the progesterone/PCL system, for which the drug release behaviour has been well studied before was intended for comparison with the PCL systems incorporating drugs that have received little research attention in the past. Initial studies centred on an evaluation of the permeation ability of the bioactive drugs dissolved in aqueous cyclodextrin solutions through a poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) membrane using Valia-Chien side-by-side cells. Permeation rates were mostly low and found to range from 0 to 122 μg h(-1) with only ketoprofen, melatonin, and progesterone displaying rates exceeding 20 μg h(-1). Hanson dissolution release profiles in aqueous alcohol were subsequently measured for the 9 melt extruded PCL/drug combinations and led to Hanson release rates of 0-556 μg cm(-2) h(-0.5) with dexamethasone, dexamethasone valerate, ketoprofen, melatonin, and progesterone giving values exceeding 100 μg cm(-2) h(-0.5). A number of drugs such as the dexamethasones probably performed better than they did in the permeability rate measurements because of the less polar aqueous alcoholic solvent used. In searching for useful correlations between the drug physicochemical properties and release rate, only a moderate correlation (R (2)=0.5675) between Hanson dissolution release rate and permeation rate was found. This suggests that the release rate and the permeation are both controlled by the rate of drug diffusion through the PCL with release rate involving an additional dissolution process (of the drug) before permeation occurs accounting for the moderate correlation. In general, of the eight drugs considered, it was clear that the oestradiol-based drugs, abamectin, and amoxicillin were generally not suited to drug delivery via PCL under the conditions used. However, ketoprofen was found to be very suitable as a drug candidate for melt extrusion with PCL with dexamethasone valerate, dexamethasone, and melatonin also showing potential as candidates though to a much lesser extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Gardyne
- Waikato Pathways College, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - Michael R Mucalo
- Chemistry Department, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - Michael J Rathbone
- School of Pharmacy, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Queensland 4222, Australia
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A simple pharmacokinetic model linking plasma progesterone concentrations with the hormone released from bovine intravaginal inserts. Res Vet Sci 2010; 89:250-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2010.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2009] [Revised: 12/22/2009] [Accepted: 02/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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16
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Vilariño M, Rubianes E, van Lier E, Menchaca A. Serum progesterone concentrations, follicular development and time of ovulation using a new progesterone releasing device (DICO®) in sheep. Small Rumin Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2010.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Abstract
Delivery of biologically active agents to animals is often perceived to be the poor relation of human drug delivery. Yet this field has a long and successful history of species-specific device and formulation development, ranging from simple approaches and devices used in production animals to more sophisticated formulations and approaches for a wide range of species. While several technologies using biodegradable polymers have been successfully marketed in a range of veterinary and human products, the transfer of delivery technologies has not been similarly applied across species. This may be due to a combination of specific technical requirements for use of devices in different species, inter-species pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and physiological differences, and distinct market drivers for drug classes used in companion and food-producing animals. This chapter reviews selected commercialised and research-based parenteral and non-parenteral veterinary drug delivery technologies in selected domestic species. Emphasis is also placed on the impact of endogenous drug transporters on drug distribution characteristics in different species. In vitro models used to investigate carrier-dependent transport are reviewed. Species-specific expression of transporters in several tissues can account for inter-animal or inter-species pharmacokinetic variability, lack of predictability of drug efficacy, and potential drug-drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Brayden
- School of Agriculture, Food Science and Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin (UCD) and UCD Conway Institute, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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Heredia V, Bianco I, Tríbulo H, Tríbulo R, Seoane MF, Faudone S, Cuffini S, Demichelis N, Schalliol H, Beltramo D. Polyisoprene matrix for progesterone release: In vitro and in vivo studies. Int J Pharm 2009; 382:98-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2009.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2009] [Revised: 07/30/2009] [Accepted: 08/13/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Heredia V, Bianco I, Tríbulo H, Cuesta G, Chesta P, Bó G, Tríbulo R, Mega V, Beltramo D. Room temperature vulcanizing silicone sheaths on a reusable support for progesterone delivery in estrous synchronization treatments in cattle. Anim Reprod Sci 2008; 108:356-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2007.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2007] [Accepted: 09/25/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Zuluaga JF, Williams GL. High-pressure steam sterilization of previously used CIDR inserts enhances the magnitude of the acute increase in circulating progesterone after insertion in cows. Anim Reprod Sci 2008; 107:30-5. [PMID: 17629424 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2007.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2007] [Accepted: 06/05/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Objectives were to compare serum concentrations of progesterone (P4) in ovariectomized cows receiving (1) new, (2) re-used disinfected (DIS), and (3) re-used autoclaved (AC) controlled internal drug release (CIDR) inserts. Five ovariectomized (OVX) beef cows were used in a replicated 3 x 3 Latin square design. Each experimental period was 7 days, with at least 48 h between periods. All re-used CIDR had been inserted previously in beef cows for 7 days. Upon removal, CIDR used for the DIS treatment were washed thoroughly and soaked in a chlorhexidine gluconate solution (0.03%) for 2h, rinsed thoroughly with water and air-dried. For the AC treatment, CIDR were not soaked in disinfectant but were steam sterilized at 121 degrees C and 724 mmHg for 20 min before use. Blood samples were collected at 0, 10, 30, 60, 180, and 480 min relative to time of insertion of CIDR, daily until day 7, and at 30, 60, and 180 min relative to time of removal for radioimmunoassay of P4. Mean serum concentrations (ng/mL) of P4 during the 7-day period of insertion were greater (P<0.03) for new (3.7+/-0.2) and AC (3.4+/-0.3) than for DIS CIDR (2.8+/-0.2). These effects were created primarily by differences occurring during the first 8h after CIDR insertion. Within this interval, mean concentrations (ng/mL) differed (P<0.05) among all groups, but values for AC (6.0+/-0.7) exceeded both new (4.6+/-0.5) and DIS (2.7+/-0.3) markedly. Autoclaving may be the best option when re-using CIDR inserts because it creates greater concentrations of P4 immediately after insertion and reduces maximally the risk of disease transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Zuluaga
- Animal Reproduction Laboratory, Texas A&M University, Agricultural Research Station, 3507 Hwy 59E, Beeville, TX 78102-8571, USA
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22
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Macmillan KL. Advances in bovine theriogenology in New Zealand. 2. Breeding management and technologies for improved reproduction. N Z Vet J 2002; 50:74-80. [PMID: 16032243 DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2002.36273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The importance of submission rates (SR) on conception patterns in dairy herds during a short artificial breeding (AB) programme was first reported in 1973. Subsequent research has focussed on achieving 3-week SRs of 90% through improved detection of oestrus utilising tailpainting and vasectomised bulls fitted with chin-ball harnesses. Despite nutritional limitations of spring pasture as a sole diet, conception rates to first insemination of 65% have been recorded in cycling cows in many trials. Anovulatory anoestrus (AA) has become a major factor compromising SRs as well as reducing average conception rates and herd in-calf rates by 4-7 weeks after the planned start of mating (PSM). Whole herd synchronisation programmes have been developed but not widely used on dairy cows and have had only limited use on dairy heifers, despite a focus on concentrated conception patterns. The related technologies have become most commonly used to increase the SR of AA cows. Extreme variation in the weekly demand for processed semen in seasonally-intensive AB programmes has been accommodated by the development of a unique semen diluent, Caprogen. Its use has allowed sperm to be temporarily stored without freezing and used at dose rates of 1 million sperm/insemination. Sire variation with this form of semen processing is lower than with deep frozen semen. The greater use of production genes derived from Holstein-Friesian sires of North American origin in most AB programmes has left progeny with reduced reproductive performance. This effect has been greater than that associated with the increased productivity of dairy cows achieved through continued use of semen from intensively selected groups of progeny tested sires.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Macmillan
- University of Melbourne, Department of Veterinary Science, 250 Princes Highway, Werribee 3030, Victoria, Australia.
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Einmahl S, Capancioni S, Schwach-Abdellaoui K, Moeller M, Behar-Cohen F, Gurny R. Therapeutic applications of viscous and injectable poly(ortho esters). Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2001; 53:45-73. [PMID: 11733117 DOI: 10.1016/s0169-409x(01)00220-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Poly(ortho esters) (POE) are hydrophobic and bioerodible polymers that have been investigated for pharmaceutical use since the early 1970s. Among the four described generations of POE, the third (POE III) and fourth (POE IV) are promising viscous and injectable materials which have been investigated in numerous biomedical applications. POE III has been extensively studied for ophthalmic drug delivery, it presents an excellent biocompatibility and is currently being investigated as a vehicle for sustained drug delivery to treat diseases of the posterior segment of the eye. POE IV is distinguishable by a highly reproducible and controlled synthesis, a higher hydrophobicity, and an excellent biocompatibility. It is currently under development for a variety of applications, such as ocular delivery, periodontal disease treatment and applications in veterinary medicine. This review will also focus on new perspectives for this promising family of polymers, such as guided tissue regeneration, treatment of osteoarthritis, as well as peptide and protein delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Einmahl
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Geneva, 30 quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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Rathbone MJ, Kinder JE, Fike K, Kojima F, Clopton D, Ogle CR, Bunt CR. Recent advances in bovine reproductive endocrinology and physiology and their impact on drug delivery system design for the control of the estrous cycle in cattle. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2001; 50:277-320. [PMID: 11500232 DOI: 10.1016/s0169-409x(01)00156-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
When methods of drug intervention are being developed to control estrous cycles, a thorough understanding of the endocrine and functional changes together with the reproductive behavior of the animals are essential. This review presents our current knowledge on reproductive endocrinology, physiology and behavior, and the methods of drug intervention to control estrous cycles. It also describes current efforts to develop advanced drug delivery systems that meet the animal scientist's demands to control the estrous cycle in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Rathbone
- InterAg, 558 Te Rapa Road, PO Box 20055, Hamilton, New Zealand.
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25
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Formulation and technology aspects of conrolled drug delivery in animals. PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY TODAY 2000; 3:222-231. [PMID: 10884678 DOI: 10.1016/s1461-5347(00)00276-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In the veterinary field, the development of new routes of administration or new delivery systems capable of controlling the release of drugs are of considerable interest. Because of the large number of food-producing animals and the unique problems associated with the administration of drugs to these animals, the potential markets are huge and will only be fully realized if improvements to old dosage forms lead to practical and effective formulations. This review intends to summarize the state of the art in the field of veterinary controlled and/or prolonged release systems.
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26
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Tucker IG. Drug delivery research in Australasia: creating opportunities through collaboration. J Control Release 1999; 62:69-72. [PMID: 10518637 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-3659(99)00024-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This paper gives a brief overview of drug delivery research in Australia and New Zealand, known collectively as Australasia, in order to indicate future directions in this area of pharmaceutical research. It describes some of the relevant statistics of the two countries and briefly indicates some of the government incentives to foster the pharmaceutical industries. Examples of Australian drug delivery research such as a controlled release pelleted system for delivery of morphine are presented. The examples for New Zealand relate to veterinary systems such as an intraruminal device for zinc. The paper alludes to the need for collaboration among the various institutions in order to achieve successful outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- I G Tucker
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, P.O. Box 913, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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