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Alshehri E, Al-Dogmi AM, Al-Hazani TMI, Alwaili MA, Safhi FA, Alneghery LM, Jalal AS, Alanazi IS, AlQassim FA, Alhumaidi Alotaibi M, Al-Qahtani WS. Patterns of mutations in nine cancer-related genes and PAF development among smoking male patients diagnosed with bladder cancer. Tumour Biol 2023; 45:1-14. [PMID: 36806529 DOI: 10.3233/tub-220032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking is one of the most popular risk factors provoking bladder cancer (BC). This research intended to estimate cigarette smoking effect involving PAF signs between smoking patients with BC and non-smoking patients with same diagnosis to define relations with pathological characteristics and their prognosis on zero-relapse and disease-associated recovery. METHODS Two groups of smokers (n = 54) and non-smokers (n = 62) were selected. Both cohorts of patients had BC. They were evaluated utilizing NGS on 9 cancer-related genes and confirmed through the Sanger DNA sequencing and histopathological tests based on H&E staining. The factor of smoking and impact of PAF development by ELISA assay and PAF-R manifestation in terms of immunochemical evaluation on BC areas comparing to a control group (n = 30) was examined involving healthy contributors, including the use of well-designed statistical trials. RESULTS The multivariate evaluation showed considerable rise in mutation patterns related to smoking among BC patients (group 3), increase in PAF development (***P<0.001) and vivid signs of PAF-R contrasted to non-smokers with BC (group 2) and control group (group 1). All the identified biological changes (gains/losses) were recorded at the same locations in both groups. Patients from group 3 held 3-4 various mutations, while patients from group 2 held 1-3 various mutations. Mutations were not identified in 30 respondents from control group. The most repeated mutations were identified in 3 of 9 examined genes, namely TP53, PIK3CA and PTEN, with highest rates of increase in Group 3. Moreover, histopathological tests revealed barely identifiable and abnormal traits in BC tissues, i.e. were without essential histopathological changes between groups 2 and 3. CONCLUSION Smoking of cigarettes provokes PAF development due to urothelial inflammation and rise of mutations in 9 cancer-related genes. These are indicative factors of inducing BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Alshehri
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal M Al-Dogmi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakakah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Maha Abdulla Alwaili
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatmah Ahmed Safhi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lina Mohammed Alneghery
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Al-Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Areej Saud Jalal
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibtesam Sanad Alanazi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Hafr Al-Batin, Hafar al-Batin, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Wedad Saeed Al-Qahtani
- Department of Forensic Sciences, College of Criminal Justice, Naif Arab University for Security Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Nishimura T, Fujii K, Nakamura H, Naruki S, Sakai H, Kimura H, Miyazawa T, Takagi M, Furuya N, Marko-Varga G, Kato H, Saji H. Protein co-expression network-based profiles revealed from laser-microdissected cancerous cells of lung squamous-cell carcinomas. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20209. [PMID: 34642392 PMCID: PMC8511190 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99695-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
No therapeutic targets have been identified for lung squamous cell cancer (SqCC) which is the second most prevalent lung cancer because its molecular profiles remain unclear. This study aimed to unveil disease-related protein networks by proteomic and bioinformatic assessment of laser-microdissected cancerous cells from seven SqCCs compared with eight representative lung adenocarcinomas. We identified three network modules significant to lung SqCC using weighted gene co-expression network analysis. One module was intrinsically annotated to keratinization and cell proliferation of SqCC, accompanied by hypoxia-induced aerobic glycolysis, in which key regulators were activated (HIF1A, ROCK2, EFNA1-5) and highly suppressed (KMT2D). The other two modules were significant for translational initiation, nonsense-mediated mRNA decay, inhibited cell death, and interestingly, eIF2 signaling, in which key regulators, MYC and MLXIPL, were highly activated. Another key regulator LARP1, the master regulator in cap-dependent translation, was highly suppressed although upregulations were observed for hub proteins including EIF3F and LARP1 targeted ribosomal proteins, among which PS25 is the key ribosomal protein in IRES-dependent translation. Our results suggest an underlying progression mechanism largely caused by switching to the cap-independent, IRES-dependent translation of mRNA subsets encoding oncogenic proteins. Our findings may help to develop therapeutic strategies to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihide Nishimura
- Department of Translational Medicine Informatics, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan. .,Department of Chest Surgery, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan.
| | - Kiyonaga Fujii
- Department of Translational Medicine Informatics, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan.,Department of Chest Surgery, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan.,Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, 815-8511, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Nakamura
- Department of Translational Medicine Informatics, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan.,Department of Chest Surgery, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan
| | - Saeko Naruki
- Department of Pathology, St. Marianna University Hospital, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sakai
- Department of Chest Surgery, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kimura
- Department of Chest Surgery, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Miyazawa
- Department of Chest Surgery, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan
| | - Masayuki Takagi
- Department of Pathology, St. Marianna University Hospital, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan
| | - Naoki Furuya
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan
| | - Gyorgy Marko-Varga
- Clinical Protein Science & Imaging, Biomedical Centre, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, BMC D13, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Harubumi Kato
- Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan.,International University of Health and Welfare, Tokyo, 107-8402, Japan
| | - Hisashi Saji
- Department of Chest Surgery, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan
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3
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Kispert S, Marentette J, McHowat J. Cigarette smoking promotes bladder cancer via increased platelet-activating factor. Physiol Rep 2019; 7:e13981. [PMID: 30756528 PMCID: PMC6372534 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is the number one risk factor for bladder cancer development and epidemiological data suggest that nearly half of all bladder cancer patients have a history of smoking. In addition to stimulating the growth of a primary tumor, it has been shown that there is a correlation between smoking and tumor metastasis. Platelet activating factor (PAF) is expressed on the cell surface of the activated endothelium and, through binding with the PAF-receptor (PAF-R), facilitates transendothelial migration of cells in the circulation (McHowat et al. Biochemistry 40:14921-14931; 2001). In this study, we show that the exposure of bladder cancer cells to cigarette smoke extract (CSE) results in increased PAF accumulation and increased expression of the PAF-R. Furthermore, treatment with CSE increases adherence of bladder cancer cells to bladder endothelial cells and could be abrogated by pretreatment with ginkgolide B. Immunohistochemical analysis of tumor biopsy samples from bladder cancer patients who smoked revealed increased PAF and the PAF-R in tumor regions when compared to normal tissue. These data highlight a pathway in bladder cancer that is influenced by CSE which could facilitate primary tumor growth and increase metastatic potential. Targeting of the PAF-PAFR interaction could serve as a beneficial therapeutic target for managing further growth of a developing tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Kispert
- Department of BiologyUniversity of North GeorgiaOakwoodGeorgia
| | - John Marentette
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColorado
| | - Jane McHowat
- Department of PathologySaint Louis University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouri
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4
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Lordan R, Tsoupras A, Zabetakis I. The Potential Role of Dietary Platelet-Activating Factor Inhibitors in Cancer Prevention and Treatment. Adv Nutr 2019; 10:148-164. [PMID: 30721934 PMCID: PMC6370273 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmy090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of mortality worldwide. The role of unresolved inflammation in cancer progression and metastasis is well established. Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a key proinflammatory mediator in the initiation and progression of cancer. Evidence suggests that PAF is integral to suppression of the immune system and promotion of metastasis and tumor growth by altering local angiogenic and cytokine networks. Interactions between PAF and its receptor may have a role in various digestive, skin, and hormone-dependent cancers. Diet plays a critical role in the prevention of cancer and its treatment. Research indicates that the Mediterranean diet may reduce the incidence of several cancers in which dietary PAF inhibitors have a role. Dietary PAF inhibitors such as polar lipids have demonstrated inhibitory effects against the physiological actions of PAF in cancer and other chronic inflammatory conditions in vitro and in vivo. In addition, experimental models of radiotherapy and chemotherapy demonstrate that inhibition of PAF as adjuvant therapy may lead to more favorable outcomes. Although promising, there is limited evidence on the potential benefits of dietary PAF inhibitors on cancer prevention or treatment. Therefore, further extensive research is required to assess the effects of various dietary factors and PAF inhibitors and to elucidate the mechanisms in prevention of cancer progression and metastasis at a molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronan Lordan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Alexandros Tsoupras
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Ioannis Zabetakis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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5
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Ma C, Guo Y, Zhang Y, Duo A, Jia Y, Liu C, Li B. PAFAH1B2 is a HIF1a target gene and promotes metastasis in pancreatic cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 501:654-660. [PMID: 29758199 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase IB subunit beta (PAFAH1B2) plays important roles in inflammation and anaphylaxis. However, its primary function in pancreatic cancer remains unclear. In the current study, we report that PAFAH1B2 is overexpressed in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and correlated inversely with patient survival. PAFAH1B2 overexpression induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), migration and invasion in vitro and metastasis in vivo. Conversely, silencing PAFAH1B2 inhibited these aggressive phenotypes. Moreover, PAFAH1B2 overexpression in PDAC cells was directly mediated by HIF1a. PAFAH1B2 expression in PDAC clinical specimens correlated positively with HIF1a expression. Overall, our results defined PAFAH1B2 as a target gene of HIF1a and a critical driver of PDAC metastatic behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Oncology, The First Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Aixia Duo
- Department of General Surgery, Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yitao Jia
- Department of General Surgery, Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Ci Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Binghui Li
- Department of General Surgery, Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
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6
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Kispert S, Schwartz T, McHowat J. Cigarette Smoke Regulates Calcium-Independent Phospholipase A2 Metabolic Pathways in Breast Cancer. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 187:1855-1866. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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7
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Alterations of the exo- and endometabolite profiles in breast cancer cell lines: A mass spectrometry-based metabolomics approach. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 925:34-42. [PMID: 27188315 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, knowledge about metabolite changes which are characteristic for the physiologic state of cancer cells has been acquired by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Distinct molecularly characterized breast cancer cell lines provide an unbiased and standardized in vitro tumor model reflecting the heterogeneity of the disease. Tandem mass spectrometry is a widely applied analytical platform and highly sensitive technique for analysis of complex biological samples. Endo- and exometabolite analysis of the breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231, -453 and BT-474 as well as the breast epithelial cell line MCF-10A has been performed using two different analytical platforms: UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF based on a scheduled precursor list has been applied for highlighting of significant differences between cell lines and HPLC-ESI-QqQ using multiple reaction monitoring has been utilized for a targeted approach focusing on RNA metabolism and interconnected pathways, respectively. Statistical analysis enabled a clear discrimination of the breast epithelial from the breast cancer cell lines. As an effect of oxidative stress, a decreased GSH/GSSG ratio has been detected in breast cancer cell lines. The triple negative breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 showed an elevation in nicotinamide, 1-ribosyl-nicotinamide and NAD+ reflecting the increased energy demand in triple negative breast cancer, which has a more aggressive clinical course than other forms of breast cancer. Obtained distinct metabolite pattern could be correlated with distinct molecular characteristics of breast cancer cells. Results and methodology of this preliminary in vitro study could be transferred to in vivo studies with breast cancer patients.
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8
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Chen J, Lan T, Zhang W, Dong L, Kang N, Zhang S, Fu M, Liu B, Liu K, Zhan Q. Feed-Forward Reciprocal Activation of PAFR and STAT3 Regulates Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancer Res 2015; 75:4198-210. [PMID: 26359459 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-1062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Platelet-activating factor receptor (PAFR), a G-protein-coupled receptor, has been implicated in tumorigenesis, but its contributions to metastatic progression have not been investigated. Here, we show that PAFR is overexpressed in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) as well as in breast, colorectal, and gastric carcinomas. Expression of PAFR correlates closely with clinical stages, survival time, and distant metastasis. In human NSCLC cells, activation of the PAF/PAFR signaling axis accentuated malignant character, including by stimulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In contrast, silencing PAFR in aggressive NSCLC cells inhibited these effects. Mechanistic investigations showed that PAFR stimulated EMT by activating STAT3 via upregulation of G-protein-dependent SRC or JAK2 kinase activity. Notably, STAT3 transcriptionally elevated PAFR expression. Thus, activation of PAFR in NSCLC cells initiated a forward feedback loop responsible for mediating the aggressive malignant character of NSCLC cells in vitro and in vivo. Reinforcing this reciprocal activation loop, PAF/PAFR signaling also upregulated IL6 expression and thereby STAT3 activation. Overall, our results elucidated an important role for PAFR dysregulation in the pathogenicity of NSCLC and unraveled a forward feedback loop between PAFR and STAT3 that acts to drive the malignant progression of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tian Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China. Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Sanbo Brain Hospital; Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Weimin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lijia Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shumin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kangtai Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qimin Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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9
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Kispert S, Marentette J, McHowat J. Cigarette smoke induces cell motility via platelet-activating factor accumulation in breast cancer cells: a potential mechanism for metastatic disease. Physiol Rep 2015; 3:3/3/e12318. [PMID: 25802360 PMCID: PMC4393154 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Most cancer deaths are a result of metastasis rather than the primary tumor. Although cigarette smoking has been determined as a risk factor for several cancers, its role in metastasis has not been studied in detail. We propose that cigarette smoking contributes to metastatic disease via inhibition of breast cancer cell platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH), resulting in PAF accumulation and a subsequent increase in cell motility. We studied several breast cell lines, including immortalized mammary epithelial cells (MCF-10A), luminal A hormone positive MCF-7, basal-like triple negative MDA-MB-468, and claudin-low triple-negative highly metastatic MDA-MB-231 breast tumor cells. We exposed cells to cigarette smoke extract (CSE) for up to 48 h. CSE inhibited PAF-AH activity, increased PAF accumulation, and increased cell motility in MDA-MB-231 metastatic triple negative breast cancer cells. The calcium-independent phospholipase A2 (iPLA2) inhibitor, (S) bromoenol lactone ((S)-BEL) was used to prevent the accumulation of PAF and further prevented the increase in cell motility seen previously when cells were exposed to CSE. Thus, iPLA2 or PAF may represent a therapeutic target to manage metastatic disease, particularly in triple-negative breast cancer patients who smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Kispert
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - John Marentette
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Jane McHowat
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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10
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Chen J, Lan T, Zhang W, Dong L, Kang N, Zhang S, Fu M, Liu B, Liu K, Zhang C, Hou J, Zhan Q. Platelet-activating factor receptor-mediated PI3K/AKT activation contributes to the malignant development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncogene 2015; 34:5114-27. [PMID: 25639872 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide and occurs at a relatively high frequency in China, yet the mechanisms underlying its devastating outcome remain unclear. Here we report that platelet-activating factor receptor (PAFR), a type of G-protein-coupled receptor, was upregulated in ESCC tumors and cell lines, compared with controls; PAFR levels were positively correlated with ESCC clinical stages and survival time. Overexpression of PAFR promoted the malignant development of ESCC in vitro and in vivo, whereas depletion of PAFR suppressed these effects. Interestingly, PAFR was observed to activate PI3K/AKT (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT) through the upregulation of FAK kinase activity. AKT-triggered nuclear factor-κB transcriptionally activated PAFR expression. This mutual positive regulation between PAFR and AKT was required for the aggressiveness of ESCC cells both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, treating mice bearing ESCC tumors with cholesterol-conjugated PAFR small interfering RNA effectively inhibited tumor progression and the expression of AKT-mediated oncogenic proteins. Taken together, we made the first demonstration that dysregulation of PAFR and the positive regulatory loop between PAFR and pAKT contribute to malignant progression of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - T Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - W Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - L Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - N Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - S Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - M Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - B Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - K Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - C Zhang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences of Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - J Hou
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences of Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Q Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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11
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Xu H, Valenzuela N, Fai S, Figeys D, Bennett SAL. Targeted lipidomics - advances in profiling lysophosphocholine and platelet-activating factor second messengers. FEBS J 2013; 280:5652-67. [PMID: 23826908 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Glycerophosphocholines are the major building blocks of biological membranes. They are also precursors of low-molecular-weight second messengers with mass to charge ratios of 450-600. These messengers include lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs) and lyso-platelet activating factors (PAFs) that may be further processed into PAFs. Often considered as a single species, LPCs, PAFs and lyso-PAFs are, in fact, families of glycerophosphocholine-derived lipids distinguished by the linkage of their sn-1 carbon chains to the phosphoglyceride backbone (ester or ether), their sn-1 carbon chain length and degree of unsaturation, and the identity of their sn-2 constituents (a hydroxyl or acetyl group). Each LPC and PAF species exhibits a different affinity for its cognate G-protein-coupled receptors, and each species elicits receptor-independent actions that play critical signalling roles. Targeted mass spectrometry-based lipidomic approaches are enabling the molecular identification and quantification of these low-abundance second messengers. Variations between datasets map the temporal landscape of second messengers available for signalling, and provide snapshots of the state of structural membrane compositional remodelling at the time of extraction. Here, we review a number of advances in lipidomic methodologies used to identify LPCs, lyso-PAFs and PAFs, and highlight how these targeted approaches are providing valuable insight into the roles played by the cellular lipidome in cell function and disease susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Xu
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Neural Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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12
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Sahu RP, Kozman AA, Yao Y, DaSilva SC, Rezania S, Martel KC, Warren SJ, Travers JB, Konger RL. Loss of the platelet activating factor receptor in mice augments PMA-induced inflammation and cutaneous chemical carcinogenesis. Carcinogenesis 2012; 33:694-701. [PMID: 22223848 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgr322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Although platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a well-known acute inflammatory mediator, little is known regarding the role of PAF in chronic inflammation. Phorbol esters are known to stimulate PAF production. Moreover, the ability of repeated applications of phorbol esters to induce a sustained inflammatory response is crucial to their tumorigenic activity. We therefore examined whether PAF acts as a mediator of phorbol ester-induced inflammation and tumorigenesis. While PAF receptor knockout mice (PAFR(-/-)) showed an expected but modest reduction in the acute inflammatory response to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), these mice exhibited a surprising increase in inflammation following chronic PMA application. This increased inflammation was documented by a number of findings that included: increased skin thickness, increased myeloperoxidase activity and expression and increased expression of known inflammatory mediators. Interestingly, vehicle-treated PAFR(-/-) mice also exhibited modest increases in levels of inflammatory markers. This suggests that the platelet activating factor receptor (PAFR) acts to suppress chronic inflammation in response to other stimuli, such as barrier disruption. The idea that chronic PAFR activation is anti-inflammatory was documented by repetitive topical PAFR agonist administration that resulted in reduced myeloperoxidase activity in skin. We next utilized a 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene/PMA carcinogenesis protocol to demonstrate that PAFR(-/-) mice exhibit significantly increased tumor formation and malignant progression compared with wild-type control mice. These studies provide evidence for two important, unexpected and possibly interrelated pathological roles for the PAFR: first, the PAFR acts to suppress PMA-induced chronic inflammation; secondly, the PAFR acts to suppress neoplastic development in response to chemical carcinogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi P Sahu
- Department of Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Detopoulou P, Nomikos T, Fragopoulou E, Stamatakis G, Panagiotakos DB, Antonopoulou S. PAF and its metabolic enzymes in healthy volunteers: interrelations and correlations with basic characteristics. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2011; 97:43-9. [PMID: 22079887 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2011.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2011] [Revised: 10/16/2011] [Accepted: 10/25/2011] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
PAF (1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine), a potent inflammatory mediator, is synthesized via the remodeling and the de novo route, key enzymes of which are acetyl-CoA:lyso-PAF acetyltransferase (lyso-PAF-AT) and DTT-insensitive CDP-choline:1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol cholinephosphotransferase (PAF-CPT), respectively. PAF-acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) and its extracellular isoform lipoprotein-associated phospholipase-A(2) (Lp-PLA(2)) catabolize PAF. This study evaluated PAF levels together with leukocyte PAF-CPT, lyso-PAF-AT, PAF-AH and Lp-PLA(2) activities in 106 healthy volunteers. Men had lower PAF levels and higher activity of both catabolic enzymes and lyso-PAF-AT than women (P-values <0.05). Age was inversely correlated with PAF levels in men (r=-0.279, P=0.06) and lyso-PAF-AT in women (r=-0.280, P=0.05). In contrast, Lp-PLA(2) was positively correlated with age (r=0.201, P=0.04). Moreover, PAF-CPT was positively correlated with glucose (r=0.430, P=0.002) in women. In addition, Principal Component Analysis revealed three PAF metabolic patterns: (i) increased activities of PAF-CPT and PAF-AH, (ii) increased activities of PAF-CPT and lyso-PAF-AT and (iii) increased activity of Lp-PLA(2). The present study underlines the complexity of PAF's metabolism determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi Detopoulou
- Department of Nutrition-Dietetics, Harokopio University, 70 El. Venizelou Street, 17671, Athens, Greece
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Emerging roles for phospholipase A2 enzymes in cancer. Biochimie 2010; 92:601-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2010.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2009] [Accepted: 03/24/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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15
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Ausili A, Torrecillas A, Aranda FJ, Mollinedo F, Gajate C, Corbalán-García S, de Godos A, Gómez-Fernández JC. Edelfosine is incorporated into rafts and alters their organization. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:11643-54. [PMID: 18712919 DOI: 10.1021/jp802165n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The effect of edelfosine (1- O-octadecyl-2- O-methyl-rac-glycero-3-phosphocholine or ET-18-OCH3) on model membranes containing 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl- sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine/sphingomyelin/cholesterol (POPC/SM/cholesterol) was studied by several physical techniques. The sample POPC/SM (1:1 molar ratio) showed a broad phase transition as seen by DSC, X-ray diffraction, and 2H NMR. The addition of edelfosine to this sample produced isotropic structures at temperatures above the phase transition, as seen by 2H NMR and by 31P NMR. When cholesterol was added to give a POPC/SM/cholesterol (at a molar ratio 1:1:1), no transition was observed by DSC nor X-ray diffraction, and 2H NMR indicated the presence of a liquid ordered phase. The addition of 10 mol % edelfosine increased the thickness of the membrane as seen by X-ray diffraction and led to bigger differences in the values of the molecular order of the membrane detected at high and low temperatures, as detected through the M 1 first spectral moment from 2H NMR. These differences were even greater when 20 mol % edelfosine was added, and a transition was now clearly visible by DSC. In addition, a gel phase was clearly indicated by X-ray diffraction at low temperatures. The same technique pointed to greater membrane thickness in this mixture and to the appearance of a second membrane structure, indicating the formation of two separated phases in the presence of edelfosine. All of these data strongly suggest that edelfosine associating with cholesterol alter the phase status present in a POPC/SM/cholesterol (1:1:1 molar ratio) mixture, which is reputed to be a model of a raft structure. However, cell experiments showed that edelfosine colocalizes in vivo with rafts and that it may reach concentrations higher than 20 mol % of total lipid, indicating that the concentrations used in the biophysical experiments were within what can be expected in a cell membrane. The conclusion is that molecular ways of action of edelfosine in cells may involve the modification of the structure of rafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Ausili
- Departamento de Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular A, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, Apartado de Correos 4021, Murcia, Spain
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Hou W, Zhou H, Elisma F, Bennett SAL, Figeys D. Technological developments in lipidomics. BRIEFINGS IN FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS AND PROTEOMICS 2008; 7:395-409. [DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/eln042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Kitagawa D, Taketomi A, Kayashima H, Kuroda Y, Itoh S, Yamashita YI, Maehara Y. Expression of Platelet-Activating Factor Receptor: A Novel Prognosticator in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma following Hepatectomy. Oncology 2008; 72:381-7. [DOI: 10.1159/000113149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2007] [Accepted: 07/18/2007] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Denizot Y, De Armas R, Caire F, Pommepuy I, Truffinet V, Labrousse F. Platelet-activating factor and human meningiomas. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2006; 32:674-8. [PMID: 17083481 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2990.2006.00775.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Meningiomas are common primary intracranial tumours. Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is an inflammatory and angiogenic lipid mediator involved in several types of cancer. The presence of PAF receptor (PAF-R) transcripts, the levels of PAF, the phospholipase A2 activity (PLA2, the enzymatic activity implicated in PAF formation) and the PAF acetylhydrolase activity (AHA, the PAF degrading enzyme) were investigated in 49 human meningiomas. PAF-R transcripts, PAF, PLA2 and AHA were detected in meningiomas. However, their levels did not correlate with biological parameters such as the tumour grade, the presence of associated oedema, necrosis, mitotic index as well as intensity of the neovascularization and chronic inflammatory response. In conclusion, PAF is present in meningiomas where it might act on tumour growth by altering the local angiogenic and/or cytokine networks as previously suggested for human breast and colorectal cancer.
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Mathonnet M, Descottes B, Valleix D, Truffinet V, Labrousse F, Denizot Y. Platelet-activating factor in cirrhotic liver and hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2006; 12:2773-8. [PMID: 16718768 PMCID: PMC4130990 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v12.i17.2773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a pro-inflammatory and angiogenic lipid mediator. Here we aimed to investigate levels of PAF, lyso-PAF (the PAF precursor), phospholipase A2 (PLA2, the enzymatic activity generating lyso-PAF), acetylhydrolase activity (AHA, the PAF degrading enzyme) and PAF receptor (PAF-R) transcripts in cirrhotic liver and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
METHODS: Twenty-nine patients with HCC were enrolled in this study. Cirrhosis was present in fourteen patients and seven had no liver disease. Tissue PAF levels were investigated by a platelet-aggregation assay. Lyso-PAF was assessed after its chemical acetylation into PAF. AHA was determined by degradation of [3H]-PAF. PLA2 levels were assessed by EIA. PAF-R transcripts were investigated using RT-PCR.
RESULTS: Elevated amounts of PAF and PAF-R transcripts 1 (leukocyte-type) were found in cirrhotic tissues as compared with non-cirrhotic ones. Higher amounts of PAF and PAF-R transcripts 1 and 2 (tissue-type) were found in HCC tissues as compared with non-tumor tissues. PLA2, lyso-PAF and AHA levels were not changed in cirrhotic tissues and HCC.
CONCLUSION: While the role of PAF is currently unknown in liver physiology, this study suggests its potential involvement in the inflammatory network found in the cirrhotic liver and in the angiogenic response during HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muriel Mathonnet
- Service de Chirurgie Digestive, Endcrinienne et Générale, CHU Dupuytren, 2 avenue Luther King, 87042 Limoges, France
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Torrecillas A, Aroca-Aguilar JD, Aranda FJ, Gajate C, Mollinedo F, Corbalán-García S, de Godos A, Gómez-Fernández JC. Effects of the anti-neoplastic agent ET-18-OCH3 and some analogs on the biophysical properties of model membranes. Int J Pharm 2006; 318:28-40. [PMID: 16624506 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2006.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2006] [Revised: 03/08/2006] [Accepted: 03/10/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The effect of 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-methyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (ET-18-OCH(3), edelfosine), and six other analog asymmetric phosholipids on the physical properties of 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) model membranes was studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), (31)P-nuclear magnetic resonance ((31)P NMR) and X-ray diffraction. DSC data revealed that, at concentrations of 40mol% and higher, a new type of mixtures with higher T(c) and narrower transitions appeared with all the asymmetric lipids studied. At very high concentrations of these lipids (50-80 mol%), destabilization was observed in the systems probably because of the formation of micelles or small vesicles. In all cases, the asymmetric lipids at concentrations of 40 mol% induced the formation of interdigitated structures in the lamellar gel phase, as deduced from X-ray diffraction. The asymmetric phospholipids were also added to 1,2-dielaidoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DEPE) model membranes and DSC data revealed that the lipids primarily affected transition from the lamellar gel (L(beta)) to the lamellar liquid crystalline (L(alpha)) phase in two aspects: the transition temperature was reduced, and the transition itself became broader and smaller. The lamellar liquid crystalline (L(alpha)) to inverted hexagonal phase (H(II)) transition was also affected, as detected by DSC and (31)P NMR data. Increasing concentrations of the asymmetric lipids reduced the formation of inverted hexagonal phases, which were completely inhibited in the case of ET-18-OCH(3). Since these compounds have been shown to have important biological actions through the plasma membrane, these results may help to understand the mechanism of action of these compounds. In addition these asymmetric lipids were tested for their capacity to induce cell apoptosis, and only ET-18-OCH(3) was found to have a clear effect, thus suggesting that the apoptotic effect is not exerted through changes in the biophysical properties of model membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Torrecillas
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular A, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, Apartado de Correos 4021, E-30080 Murcia, Spain
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Denizot Y, Chianéa T, Labrousse F, Truffinet V, Delage M, Mathonnet M. Platelet-activating factor and human thyroid cancer. Eur J Endocrinol 2005; 153:31-40. [PMID: 15994743 DOI: 10.1530/eje.1.01947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a pro-inflammatory and angiogenic lipid mediator involved in several types of cancer in humans. The levels of PAF, lyso-PAF (the PAF precursor), phospholipase A2 activity (PLA2, the enzymatic activity implicated in lyso-PAF formation) and acetylhydrolase activity (AHA, the PAF-degrading enzyme) were investigated in various diseased thyroid tissues. SUBJECTS Control and diseased tissue of patients with a hyperplastic goitre (n = 14), a benign adenoma (n = 12) and a papillary thyroid carcinoma (n = 15) were investigated. RESULTS PAF receptor transcripts were found in the human thyroid tissue. PAF, lyso-PAF, PLA2 and AHA were present in control thyroid tissues, their levels being significantly correlated with each other, suggesting tiny regulations of the PAF metabolic pathways inside the thyroid gland. PAF, lyso-PAF, PLA2 and AHA levels remained unchanged in diseased tissues of patients with a hyperplastic goitre, a benign adenoma and a papillary thyroid carcinoma. No difference was found between PAF, lyso-PAF, PLA2 and AHA levels with respect to the TNM tumour status and the histological sub-type of papillary thyroid carcinoma. No correlation was found between tissue PAF levels and those of vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor, two angiogenic growth factors involved in thyroid cancer and that mediate their effect through PAF release in breast and colorectal cancer. CONCLUSION PAF, PAF receptor transcripts and the enzymatic activities implicated in PAF production and degradation are present in the thyroid gland. While the physiological role of PAF is presently unknown in thyroid physiology, this study highlights no evidence for a potentially important role of PAF during human thyroid cancer, a result that markedly differs from breast and colorectal ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Denizot
- UMR CNRS 6101, Faculté de Médecine, Limoges, France.
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Denizot Y, Descottes B, Truffinet V, Valleix D, Labrousse F, Mathonnet M. Platelet-activating factor and liver metastasis of colorectal cancer. Int J Cancer 2005; 113:503-5. [PMID: 15455343 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.20585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Zhang MC, Wu J, Ardlie KG, Lin ECK. Evaluation of clinical colon carcinoma using activity-based proteomic profiling. Clin Proteomics 2004. [DOI: 10.1385/cp:1:3-4:301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Denizot Y, Liozon E, Guglielmi L, Ly K, Soria P, Loustaud V, Vidal E, Jauberteau MO. No evidence for a putative involvement of platelet-activating factor in systemic lupus erythematosus without active nephritis. Mediators Inflamm 2003; 12:101-5. [PMID: 12775360 PMCID: PMC1781601 DOI: 10.1080/0962935031000097718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelet-activating factor (PAF) seems to be implicated in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients with associated renal diseases. AIMS In this study, we ensured the role of PAF in SLE patients without renal complications. METHODS Blood PAF and acetylhydrolase activity, plasma soluble phospholipase A(2), and the presence of antibodies against PAF were investigated in 17 SLE patients without active nephritis and in 17 healthy controls. RESULTS Blood PAF levels were not different (p=0.45) between SLE patients (6.7+/-2.8 pg/ml) and healthy subjects (9.6+/-3.1 pg/ml). Plasma acetylhydrolase activity (the PAF-degrading enzyme) was significantly (p=0.03) elevated in SLE patients (57.8+/-6.4 nmol/min/ml) as compared with controls (37.9+/-2.6 nmol/min/ml). Plasma soluble phospholipase A(2) (the key enzyme for PAF formation) was not different (p=0.6) between SLE patients (59.1+/-5.1 U/ml) and controls (54.7+/-2.4 U/ml). Antibodies against PAF were detected only in 3/17 SLE patients. Flow cytometry analysis did not highlight PAF receptors on circulating leukocytes of SLE patients. CONCLUSION This clinical study highlights no evidence for a putative important role of PAF in SLE patients without active nephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Denizot
- UMR CNRS 6101, Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, 2 rue Dr Marcland, 87025 Limoges, France.
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