Idiopathic eruptive macular pigmentation: a case of 21 years' duration

Idiopathic Eruptive Macular Pigmentation with Papillomatosis: A Common but Underdiagnosed Entity

Idiopathic Eruptive Macular Pigmentation (IEMP) is an uncommon and possibly underdiagnosed dermatosis. It manifests as asymptomatic pigmented macules over the face, trunk and proximal extremities among children and adolescents. Degos et al. first documented this condition in 1978, unveiling its distinct characteristics. The macules, initially dark brown-black, naturally diminish over several months to years, with no lasting pigmentation or scarring. In this report, we highlight the case of a 14-year-old girl displaying all the distinctive traits of IEMP.

Mycosporine-Like Amino Acids as a Potential Inhibitor of Tyrosinase-Related Protein 1: Computational Screening, Pharmacokinetics, and Molecular Dynamics Simulation

Melanin is the major pigment responsible for the coloring of mammalian skin, hair, and eyes to defend against ultraviolet radiation. However, excessive melanin production has resulted in numerous types of hyperpigmentation disorders. Tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TYRP1) is a transmembrane glycoprotein enzyme found in many organisms, including humans, that plays an important role in melanogenesis. Thus, controlling the enzyme activity of TYRP1 with tyrosinase inhibitors is a vital step in the treatment of hyperpigmentation problems in humans. In the present investigation, virtual screening, pharmacokinetics, drug docking, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation were used to find the most potent drug as an inhibitor of TYRP1 to effectively treat hyperpigmentation disorder. The 3D structure of TYRP1 was retrieved from the Protein Data Bank (PDB) database (PDB ID: 5M8M) and validated by the Ramachandran plot. Pharmacokinetics and drug-likeness showed that mycosporine 2 glycine (M2G) and shinorine (SHI) were the best compounds over other ligands in the same (P-1) structural pose. However, MD simulations of the M2G showed the highest CDOCKER interaction energy (-45.182 kcal/mol) and binding affinity (-65.0529 kcal/mol) as compared to SHI and reference drugs. The molecular binding modes RMSD and RMSF plots have exhibited more relevance to the M2G ligand in comparison to other drug ligands. The bioactivity and ligand efficiency profiles revealed that M2G is the most effective compound as a TYRP1 inhibitor. Thus, M2G could be used as a most effective drug for developing valuable sunscreen products to cure hyperpigmentation-related diseases.

Idiopathic Eruptive Macular Pigmentation - Uncommon Presentation of an Uncommon Condition

Idiopathic eruptive macular pigmentation (IEMP) is an asymptomatic condition with dark brown, nonconfluent lesions chiefly occurring in children and adolescents. The usual sites involved are face, trunk, extremities, and the lesions resolve over few months to years. We report an unusual presentation of this uncommon condition. A 22-year-old male presented with multiple dark-colored asymptomatic lesions on the scalp and forehead for the past 3 years. There was no history of preceding symptoms, drug, or applications, past or family history of such lesions. Examination revealed multiple hyperpigmented macules and barely elevated nonscaly plaques with a velvety feel akin to acanthosis nigricans (AN). Dermoscopy was similar to AN. Blood sugar, thyroid, and lipid profiles were normal. Histology showed "pigmented papillomatosis" concluding the final diagnosis of IEMP. Confluence of lesions is a rarely described phenomenon, with the scalp being a hitherto unreported site. The velvety feel of lesions, the dermoscopic, and histopathological findings further substantiate the hypothesis of this entity being an eruptive variant of AN.

Progression of Idiopathic Eruptive Macular Pigmentation in a Girl from Childhood to Adolescence: Case Report and Literature Review

A 14-year-old girl developed brownish round macules and patches over the face, trunk, and proximal limbs with extensive progression since she was 7 years old. Electron microscopy examination revealed an increase in the number and maturity of melanosomes in basal and suprabasal keratinocytes, although the number of melanocytes was within the normal range. A diagnosis of idiopathic eruptive macular pigmentation was made. We describe the unusual disease progression of this case of idiopathic eruptive macular pigmentation, which was thought to be self-limited.

Idiopathic eruptive macular pigmentation in a Chinese child

We present a case of a healthy 8-year-old boy who presented with disseminated asymptomatic brown macules on the face, neck, trunk, and proximal extremities for 3 months. Dermatologic examination revealed multiple, smooth, nonscaly, brown macules involving the face, neck, trunk, and proximal limbs. The Darier's sign was negative. Histopathologic study showed normal epidermis and basal membrane, and increasingly scattered melanophages in the papillary dermis. The final diagnosis was idiopathic eruptive macular pigmentation.

Idiopathic eruptive macular pigmentation involving the distal extremities: a case report

Idiopathic eruptive macular pigmentation is a disorder of pigmentation found in children and adolescents. It typically manifests as nonconfluent tan to brown macules involving the neck, trunk, and proximal extremities. We report the case of a 6-year-old girl with an atypical presentation involving the distal extremities. Histopathology confirmed the subtle increase in pigmentation of the basal layer of the epidermis. Treatments are largely ineffective. The condition is generally self-limited over months to years, thus treatment is unnecessary.

Idiopathic eruptive macular pigmentation: report on two cases

Idiopathic eruptive macular pigmentation (IEMP) is a rather under-reported condition of unknown etiology. Clinically consisting of benign hyperpigmented macules, the condition is characterized histopathologically by dermal melanization. It must be differentiated from lichen planus pigmentosus, erythema dyschromicum perstans, fixed drug eruption and mastocytosis.

Pigmentatio maculosa eruptiva idiopathica: a case report and review of the literature

BACKGROUND

Pigmentatio maculosa eruptiva idiopathica is a rare pediatric disease characterized by asymptomatic, brownish macules involving the neck and trunk with no preceding inflammatory process or history of drug exposure.

METHODS

A 9-year-old girl presented with brown-gray, nonconfluent, asymptomatic macules on the trunk, neck, and limbs, ranging from 5 to 30 mm in diameter. The macules appeared suddenly with no lesions preceding their occurrence. Histopathologic examination showed basal cell layer hyperpigmentation, and abundant melanophages with a mild perivascular lymphohistiocytic infiltrate in the papillary dermis.

RESULTS

The lesions disappeared spontaneously 1.5 years later with no therapy. No relapse occurred.

CONCLUSION

Pigmentatio maculosa eruptiva idiopathica must be differentiated from other skin disorders with hyperpigmentation in pediatric practice in order to avoid unnecessary treatment, as spontaneous resolution is expected. Following a literature review, we underline the importance of spontaneous regression as an additional clinical feature for this disease.

Pigmentary Disorders in Latin America

Pigmentary disorders with hypopigmentation/depigmentation or hyperpigmentation may have special manifestations in Latin America. Most pigmentary disorders are commonly observed in all areas of Latin America, but a few are particularly seen in tropical and subtropical regions. In most pigmentary disorder ailments described, multiple factors involved in their pathogenesis are known, but etiology remains elusive. Some pigmentary disorders have peculiar clinical expressions and, in spite of being restricted to certain geographical areas, they may be observed in other world areas because of frequent traveling of affected patients. Therapy of most of these ailments is difficult or remains unknown.