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Shi S, Quan S, Zhang J, Ling B, Yao L, Xiao J. Highly bioactive triple-helical nano collagens for accelerated treatment of photodamaged skin. Biomater Sci 2024. [PMID: 39150313 DOI: 10.1039/d4bm00860j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Skin damage caused by excessive UV exposure has gradually become one of the most common skin diseases, leading to desquamation, scab formation, inflammation and even skin cancer. Animal-derived hydrolyzed collagen peptides have been developed to treat UV-damaged skin; however, they have raised severe concerns such as potential viral transmission, random sequences and the lack of a triple helix structure. Nano collagen, a novel type of short collagen, has attracted increasing attention in the mimicking of natural collagen, while its applications in UV-damaged skin treatment remains unexplored. Herein, we have created a series of nano collagens and for the first time studied their capability of accelerating UV-damaged skin healing. Nano collagens, consisting of repetitive (GPO)n triplets and a GFOGER motif, display a stable triple-helical structure, significantly promoting fibroblast adhesion, proliferation, and migration. The repair effects of nano collagens have been investigated using an acute UV-damaged skin mouse model. Combo evaluations indicate that nano collagens contribute to recovering the dermis density and erythema index of UV-damaged skin. Histological analysis further demonstrates their capability of promoting the healing of damaged skin by accelerating re-epithelialization and collagen regeneration. These highly bioactive triple-helical nano collagens present a novel strategy for the treatment of UV-damaged skin, providing promising applications in cosmetics and dermatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangni Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.
- Gansu Engineering Research Center of Medical Collagen, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Siqi Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.
- Gansu Engineering Research Center of Medical Collagen, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Jingting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.
- Gansu Engineering Research Center of Medical Collagen, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Biyang Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.
- Gansu Engineering Research Center of Medical Collagen, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Linyan Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.
- School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
- Gansu Engineering Research Center of Medical Collagen, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Jianxi Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.
- Gansu Engineering Research Center of Medical Collagen, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
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2
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Seo J, Jeong C, Choi WJ, Park JHY, Lee CH, Lee KW. Photoprotective activities of Capsosiphon fulvescens in UVB-induced SKH-1 mice and human keratinocytes. J Food Sci 2024; 89:5150-5163. [PMID: 38992886 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.17246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Capsosiphon fulvescens (CF) is a green alga widely consumed in East Asian countries, particularly in Korea. It has a rich composition of vitamins, minerals, dietary fibers, and bioactive compounds, which contribute to its multiple therapeutic properties. Its application ranges from acting as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent to supporting the skin system. Despite these benefits of CF, the effects and mechanisms of action related to photoaging of the skin have not yet been elucidated. To investigate the photoprotective effects of CF against photoaging, both animal (SKH-1 mouse) and cell models (HaCaT cell line) were used in this study. As a result, administering the CF extract over a period of 10 weeks, which included times of Ultraviolet B (UVB) exposure, significantly reduced erythema and various UVB-induced skin changes, such as wrinkle formation, and the thickening of the epidermis and dermis, as well as alterations in the length and depth of wrinkles. Furthermore, our investigation into CF extract's antiwrinkle properties revealed its efficacy in enhancing skin hydration and collagen content, counteracting the collagen depletion and moisture loss induced by UVB radiation. Also, the fact that the levels of p-ERK, p-p38, and p-JNK proteins went down shows that the CF extract might have a controlling effect on the MAPK signaling pathways. Our findings suggest that CF holds significant potential for preventing photoaging, providing a foundation for the development of functional foods or botanical drugs targeting skin aging and related skin disorders. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This research proved that Capsosiphon fulvescen, a green alga widely consumed in East Asian countries, provides photoprotective activities against UV-induced skin aging. Therefore, Capsosiphon fulvescen can be utilized as functional foods or botanical drugs targeting skin aging and related skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwon Seo
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanhyeok Jeong
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Jo Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Chang Hyung Lee
- Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Won Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Institutes of Green Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Food and Bio convergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Chen PH, Mai-Yi Fan S, She BR, Wu YP, Hsu HC, Yang YJ, Huang JJ, Yeh SF, Chen YC, Lin PJ, Chen WH, Chiu HC, Yu HS, Liao CC, Lin SJ. Melanocyte transplantation to skin prepared by controlled PUVA-induced sunburn-like blistering for vitiligo treatment - A pilot clinical trial. J Formos Med Assoc 2024; 123:837-842. [PMID: 38158260 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2023.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitiligo is a common acquired disease of pigment loss. In lesions recalcitrant to non-invasive treatment, transplantation of cultured autologous melanocytes is an emerging choice. Conventionally, the recipient site is often prepared by laser-mediated or mechanical dermabrasion. Such preparation procedures have disadvantages including prolonged transplantation duration, long period for reepithelialization and potential scarring. We propose a method of preparing recipient sites by psoralen and controlled ultraviolet A (PUVA)-induced blistering followed by transplanting suspended melanocytes. We introduced this method in 10 patients with segmental vitiligo on their recipient site 3 to 5 days before transplantation and blistering developed in 2 to 3 days afterwards. On the day of transplantation, the blister roof could be peeled off easily without bleeding and the recipient site preparation could be completed in 20 min. The recipient site became reepithelialized within 1 week. Progressive repigmentation was observed for up to 6 months, with an average of 65.06% repigmentation in the recipient site without scarring at the end of follow-up. Hence, preparation of the recipient site by controlled PUVA-induced sunburn-like blistering can potentially facilitate melanocyte transplantation and prevent scarring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Hua Chen
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sabrina Mai-Yi Fan
- Center for Cell Therapy, Department of Biomedical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bin-Ru She
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ping Wu
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Chun Hsu
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Jung Yang
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Jae Huang
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Fen Yeh
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Chen
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ju Lin
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Wann-Hsin Chen
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Ching Chiu
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Su Yu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ching Liao
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
| | - Sung-Jan Lin
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Center for Frontier Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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4
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De Los Santos Gomez P, Costello L, Goncalves K, Przyborski S. Comparison of photodamage in non-pigmented and pigmented human skin equivalents exposed to repeated ultraviolet radiation to investigate the role of melanocytes in skin photoprotection. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1355799. [PMID: 38698778 PMCID: PMC11063240 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1355799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Daily solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation has an important impact on skin health. Understanding the initial events of the UV-induced response is critical to prevent deleterious conditions. However, studies in human volunteers have ethical, technical, and economic implications that make skin equivalents a valuable platform to investigate mechanisms related to UV exposure to the skin. In vitro human skin equivalents can recreate the structure and function of in vivo human skin and represent a valuable tool for academic and industrial applications. Previous studies have utilised non-pigmented full-thickness or pigmented epidermal skin equivalents to investigate skin responses to UV exposure. However, these do not recapitulate the dermal-epidermal crosstalk and the melanocyte role in photoprotection that occurs in vivo. In addition, the UV radiation used in these studies is generally not physiologically representative of real-world UV exposure. Methods Well-characterised pigmented and non-pigmented skin equivalents that contain human dermal fibroblasts, endogenous secreted extracellular matrix proteins (ECM) and a well-differentiated and stratified epidermis have been developed. These constructs were exposed to UV radiation for ×5 consecutive days with a physiologically relevant UV dose and subsequently analysed using appropriate end-points to ascertain photodamage to the skin. Results We have described that repeated irradiation of full-thickness human skin equivalents in a controlled laboratory environment can recreate UV-associated responses in vitro, mirroring those found in photoexposed native human skin: morphological damage, tanning, alterations in epidermal apoptosis, DNA lesions, proliferation, inflammatory response, and ECM-remodelling. Discussion We have found a differential response when using the same UV doses in non-pigmented and pigmented full-thickness skin equivalents, emphasising the role of melanocytes in photoprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lydia Costello
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
| | - Kirsty Goncalves
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Przyborski
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
- Reprocell Europe Ltd., Glasgow, United Kingdom
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5
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Ghasemiyeh P, Fazlinejad R, Kiafar MR, Rasekh S, Mokhtarzadegan M, Mohammadi-Samani S. Different therapeutic approaches in melasma: advances and limitations. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1337282. [PMID: 38628650 PMCID: PMC11019021 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1337282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Melasma is a chronic hyperpigmentation skin disorder that is more common in the female gender. Although melasma is a multifactorial skin disorder, however, sun-exposure and genetic predisposition are considered as the main etiologic factors in melasma occurrence. Although numerous topical and systemic therapeutic agents and also non-pharmacologic procedural treatments have been considered in melasma management, however, the commonly available therapeutic options have several limitations including the lack of sufficient clinical effectiveness, risk of relapse, and high rate of unwanted adverse drug reactions. Recruitment of nanotechnology for topical drug delivery in melasma management can lead to enhanced skin penetration, targeted drug delivery to the site of action, longer deposition at the targeted area, and limit systemic absorption and therefore systemic availability and adverse drug reactions. In the current review, first of all, the etiology, pathophysiology, and severity classification of melasma have been considered. Then, various pharmacologic and procedural therapeutic options in melasma treatment have been discussed. Afterward, the usage of various types of nanoparticles for the purpose of topical drug delivery for melasma management was considered. In the end, numerous clinical studies and controlled clinical trials on the assessment of the effectiveness of these novel topical formulations in melasma management are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Ghasemiyeh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Rahil Fazlinejad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Kiafar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shiva Rasekh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Soliman Mohammadi-Samani
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Buján Bonino C, Pérez Feal P, García Rodiño S, Suárez Peñaranda JM, Rodríguez Granados MT. Systemic photosensitivity due to levetiracetam: Report of a previously undescribed adverse effect. PHOTODERMATOLOGY, PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2023; 39:291-293. [PMID: 35996800 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Buján Bonino
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Patricia Pérez Feal
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Lucus Augusti, Lugo, Spain
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7
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Uzunbajakava NE, Tobin DJ, Botchkareva NV, Dierickx C, Bjerring P, Town G. Highlighting nuances of blue light phototherapy: Mechanisms and safety considerations. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2023; 16:e202200257. [PMID: 36151769 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202200257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of blue light therapy in dermatology relies on numerous clinical studies. The safety remains a topic of controversy, where potentially deleterious effects were derived from in vitro rather than in vivo experiments. The objectives of this work were (1) to highlight the nuances behind "colors" of blue light, light propagation in tissue and the plurality of modes of action; and (2) to rigorously analyze studies on humans reporting both clinical and histological data from skin biopsies with focus on DNA damage, proliferation, apoptosis, oxidative stress, impact on collagen, elastin, immune cells, and pigmentation. We conclude that blue light therapy is safe for human skin. It induces intriguing skin pigmentation, in part mediated by photoreceptor Opsin-3, which might have a photoprotective effect against ultraviolet irradiation. Future research needs to unravel photochemical reactions and the most effective and safe parameters of blue light in dermatology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Desmond J Tobin
- Charles Institute of Dermatology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Natalia V Botchkareva
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christine Dierickx
- Skinperium Laser and Cosmetic Dermatology Clinic, Skinperium, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Peter Bjerring
- Dermatology Department, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Godfrey Town
- Dermatology Department, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
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8
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Goulden V, Ling TC, Babakinejad P, Dawe R, Eadie E, Fassihi H, Fityan A, Garibaldinos T, Ibbotson SH, Novakovic L, Rush E, Weatherhead SC, Whitehouse H, Hashme M, Mustapa MFM, Exton LS. British Association of Dermatologists and British Photodermatology Group guidelines for Narrowband Ultraviolet B Phototherapy 2022. Br J Dermatol 2022; 187:295-308. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.21669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tsui C. Ling
- Photobiology Unit, Dermatology Centre University of Manchester and Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust Manchester M6 8HD UK
| | | | - Robert Dawe
- Scottish Photobiology Service, Photobiology Unit University of Dundee & NHS Tayside Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY UK
| | - Ewan Eadie
- Scottish Photobiology Service, Photobiology Unit University of Dundee & NHS Tayside Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY UK
| | - Hiva Fassihi
- Department of Photodermatology, St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust London SE1 9RT UK
| | - Adam Fityan
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust Southampton SO10 6YD UK
| | - Trish Garibaldinos
- Department of Photodermatology, St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust London SE1 9RT UK
| | - Sally H. Ibbotson
- Scottish Photobiology Service, Photobiology Unit University of Dundee & NHS Tayside Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY UK
| | - Ljuba Novakovic
- Department of Photodermatology, St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust London SE1 9RT UK
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Lewisham & Greenwich NHS Trust London SE18 4QH UK
| | | | | | | | - Maria Hashme
- Clinical Standards Unit, British Association of Dermatologists, Willan House London W1T 5HQ UK
| | - M. Firouz Mohd Mustapa
- Clinical Standards Unit, British Association of Dermatologists, Willan House London W1T 5HQ UK
| | - Lesley S. Exton
- Clinical Standards Unit, British Association of Dermatologists, Willan House London W1T 5HQ UK
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9
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Maghfour J, Olayinka J, Hamzavi IH, Mohammad TF. A Focused review on the pathophysiology of post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2022; 35:320-327. [PMID: 35306737 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.13038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) is one of the most common disorders of acquired hyperpigmentation. It often develops following cutaneous inflammation and is triggered by various stimuli, from inflammatory and autoimmune conditions to iatrogenic causes and mechanical injuries. While it is well established that an increase in melanin production and distribution within the epidermis and dermis is a hallmark feature of this condition, the exact mechanisms underlying PIH are not completely understood. This article aims to review the current evidence on the pathophysiology of PIH as the cellular and molecular mechanism of PIH represents a promising avenue for the development of novel, targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalal Maghfour
- Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Jadesola Olayinka
- Medical School, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Iltefat H Hamzavi
- Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Tasneem F Mohammad
- Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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10
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Artzi O, Horovitz T, Bar-Ilan E, Shehadeh W, Koren A, Zusmanovitch L, Mehrabi JN, Salameh F, Isman Nelkenbaum G, Zur E, Sprecher E, Mashiah J. The pathogenesis of melasma and implications for treatment. J Cosmet Dermatol 2021; 20:3432-3445. [PMID: 34411403 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melasma is a complex and poorly understood disorder, with high rates of treatment failure and recurrences. OBJECTIVES We aimed to review the current knowledge of the pathogenesis of melasma and apply this knowledge to clinical implications on relevant therapeutic interventions. METHODS A systematic PubMed search was performed using the search term "((melasma[Text Word]) OR facial melanosis[Text Word]) AND (pathogenesis OR causality[MeSH Terms])" for articles published between 1990 and 2020. Included articles were then evaluated by two authors and assessed for relevant pathomechanistic pathways, after which they were divided into groups with minimal overlap. We then reviewed current treatment modalities for melasma and divided them according to the involved pathomechanistic pathway. RESULTS A total of 309 search results were retrieved among which 76 relevant articles were identified and reviewed. Five main pathomechanisms observed in melasma were identified: (1) melanocyte inappropriate activation; (2) aggregation of melanin and melanosomes in dermis and epidermis; (3a) increased mast cell count and (3b) solar elastosis; (4) altered basement membrane; and (5) increased vascularization. Treatment modalities were then divided based on these five pathways and detailed in 6 relevant tables. CONCLUSION The pathophysiology of melasma is multifactorial, resulting in treatment resistance and high recurrence rates. This wide variety of pathomechanisms should ideally be addressed separately in the treatment regimen in order to maximize results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofir Artzi
- Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tamir Horovitz
- Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Efrat Bar-Ilan
- Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Waseem Shehadeh
- Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Amir Koren
- Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Lior Zusmanovitch
- Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Joseph N Mehrabi
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Fares Salameh
- Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Gila Isman Nelkenbaum
- Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eyal Zur
- Compounding Solutions, a Pharmaceutical Consultancy Company, Tel-Mond, Israel
| | - Eli Sprecher
- Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jacob Mashiah
- Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Pediatric Dermatology Unit, Dana Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
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11
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Yang CC, Hung YL, Li HJ, Lin YF, Wang SJ, Chang DC, Pu CM, Hung CF. Quercetin inhibits histamine-induced calcium influx in human keratinocyte via histamine H4 receptors. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 96:107620. [PMID: 33862555 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Histamine is released from mast cells when tissues are inflamed or stimulated by allergens. Activation of histamine receptors and calcium influx via TRPV1 could be related to histamine-induced itch and skin inflammation. Quercetin is known to have anti-inflammatory and anti-itching effects. This study aims to understand whether quercetin can directly affect histamine-induced calcium influx in human keratinocyte. In it, we investigated quercetin, which acts on histamine-induced intracellular free calcium ([Ca2+]i) elevation in human keratinocyte. Changes in [Ca2+]i were measured using spectrofluorometry and confocal Imaging. We detected the expression of IL-8 after treatment of quercetin using qRT-PCR and evaluated its anti-itching effect in BALB/c mice. We also performed a docking study to estimate the binding affinity of quercetin to H4 receptors. We found that quercetin pretreatment decreased histamine-induced [Ca2+]i elevation in a concentration-dependent manner. The inhibitory effect of quercetin on histamine-induced [Ca2+]i elevation was blocked by JNJ7777120, a selective H4 antagonist, as well as by U73122, a PLC inhibitor, and by GF109203X, a PKC inhibitor. We also found that H4 agonist (4-methylhistamine)-induced [Ca2+]i elevation could be inhibited by quercetin. Moreover, the selective TRPV1 blocker capsazepine significantly suppressed the quercetin-mediated inhibition of histamine-induced [Ca2+]i elevation, whereas the TRPV4 blocker GSK2193874 had no effect. Last, quercetin decreased histamine and H4 agonist-induced IL-8 expression in keratinocyte and inhibited the scratching behavior-induced compound 48/80 in BALB/c mice. The molecular docking study also showed that quercetin exhibited high binding affinities with H4 receptors (autodock scores for H4 = -8.7 kcal/mol). These data suggest that quercetin could decrease histamine 4 receptor-induced calcium influx through the TRPV1 channel and could provide a molecular mechanism of quercetin in anti-itching, anti-inflammatory, and unpleasant sensations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Chi Yang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.
| | - Yen-Ling Hung
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
| | - Hsin-Ju Li
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
| | - Ya-Fan Lin
- Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Su-Jane Wang
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, Xinzhuang, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
| | - Der-Chen Chang
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics and Department of Computer Science, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA.
| | - Chi-Ming Pu
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, Xinzhuang, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 10630, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Feng Hung
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, Xinzhuang, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Program in Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
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12
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Worrede A, Douglass SM, Weeraratna AT. The dark side of daylight: photoaging and the tumor microenvironment in melanoma progression. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:143763. [PMID: 33720046 DOI: 10.1172/jci143763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Continued thinning of the atmospheric ozone, which protects the earth from damaging ultraviolet radiation (UVR), will result in elevated levels of UVR reaching the earth's surface, leading to a drastic increase in the incidence of skin cancer. In addition to promoting carcinogenesis in skin cells, UVR is a potent extrinsic driver of age-related changes in the skin known as "photoaging." We are in the preliminary stages of understanding of the role of intrinsic aging in melanoma, and the tumor-permissive effects of photoaging on the skin microenvironment remain largely unexplored. In this Review, we provide an overview of the impact of UVR on the skin microenvironment, addressing changes that converge or diverge with those observed in intrinsic aging. Intrinsic and extrinsic aging promote phenotypic changes to skin cell populations that alter fundamental processes such as melanogenesis, extracellular matrix deposition, inflammation, and immune response. Given the relevance of these processes in cancer, we discuss how photoaging might render the skin microenvironment permissive to melanoma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asurayya Worrede
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephen M Douglass
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ashani T Weeraratna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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13
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Sil P, Suwanpradid J, Muse G, Gruzdev A, Liu L, Corcoran DL, Willson CJ, Janardhan K, Grimm S, Myers P, Degraff LM, MacLeod AS, Martinez J. Noncanonical autophagy in dermal dendritic cells mediates immunosuppressive effects of UV exposure. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 145:1389-1405. [PMID: 31837371 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Control of the inflammatory response is critical to maintaining homeostasis, and failure to do so contributes to the burden of chronic inflammation associated with several disease states. The mechanisms that underlie immunosuppression, however, remain largely unknown. Although defects in autophagy machinery have been associated with inflammatory pathologic conditions, we now appreciate that autophagic components participate in noncanonical pathways distinct from classical autophagy. We have previously demonstrated that LC3-associated phagocytosis (LAP), a noncanonical autophagic process dependent on Rubicon (rubicon autophagy regulator [RUBCN]), contributes to immunosuppression. OBJECTIVE We used Rubcn-/- mice to examine the role of the LAP pathway in mediating the UV-induced immunotolerant program in a model of contact hypersensitivity (CHS). METHODS Flow cytometry and transcriptional analysis were used to measure immune cell infiltration and activation in the skin of Rubcn+/+ and Rubcn-/- mice during the CHS response. RESULTS Here, we demonstrate that LAP is required for UV-induced immunosuppression and that UV exposure induces a broadly anti-inflammatory transcriptional program dependent on Rubicon. Rubcn-/- mice are resistant to UV-induced immunosuppression and instead display exaggerated inflammation in a model of CHS. Specifically, RUBCN deficiency in CD301b+ dermal dendritic cells results in their increased antigen presentation capacity and subsequent hyperactivation of the CD8+ T-cell response. CONCLUSIONS LAP functions to limit the immune response and is critical in maintaining the balance between homeostasis and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payel Sil
- Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | | | - Ginger Muse
- Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - Artiom Gruzdev
- Knockout Mouse Core Laboratory, Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - Liwen Liu
- Molecular Genomics Core Laboratory, Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - David L Corcoran
- Duke Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | | | | | - Sara Grimm
- Division of Intramural Research, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - Page Myers
- Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - Laura Miller Degraff
- Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - Amanda S MacLeod
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University, Durham, NC; Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, NC; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Jennifer Martinez
- Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC.
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14
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Xu YC, Hou JQ, Zhu WJ, Li P. Sjogren-Larsson syndrome associated hypermelanosis. J Cosmet Dermatol 2019; 19:789-798. [PMID: 31697031 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Sjogren - Larsson syndrome (SLS) is a rare autosomal recessive disease of the mutation ALDH3A2 that identifies a part of fatty acids for fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase: NAD-oxidoreductase enzyme complex. This study aimed to access variant ALDH3A2 gene coded for FALDH and products regulating pathogenic melanogenesis owing to increased oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species resulting in DNA harm in SLS. By turning them into fatty acids, FALDH avoids the accumulation of toxic fatty aldehydes. The mutation results in the accumulation of aldehyde-modified lipids or fatty alcohols that may interfere with skin and brain function. METHODS In Nov 2018, we performed a literature search in PubMed for clinical studies, clinical trials, case reports, controlled trials, randomized controlled trials, and systemic reviews. The search terms we used were "SJOGREN-LARSSON SYNDROME" AND "HYPERMELANNOSIS" OR "FALDH" (from 1985). The search resulted in 1,289 articles, out of these 95 articles met our inclusion exclusion criteria. Our inclusion criteria included relevant original articles relevant, critical systemic reviews, and crucial referenced articles, ex-clusion criteria included duplicates and articles not published in English language. RESULTS Toxicity of long-chain aldehydes to FALDH-deficient cells owing to accumulation under the profound epidermis layer improves oxidative stress in the cell resulting in keratinocyte hyperproliferation. CONCLUSION While it continues to be determined whether accumulated fatty alcohol and fatty aldehydes obtained from ether glycerolipids and sphingolipids improve the susceptibility of melanocytes and their element accountable for skin hyperpigmentation to biological colour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Chun Xu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ji-Qiu Hou
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wen-Jing Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Developmental Pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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15
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Geoffrey K, Mwangi AN, Maru SM. Sunscreen products: Rationale for use, formulation development and regulatory considerations. Saudi Pharm J 2019; 27:1009-1018. [PMID: 31997908 PMCID: PMC6978633 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The association of sunrays with skin damage have been known since medieval times. The description of the electromagnetic spectrum facilitated the identification of the ultraviolet light spectrum as being responsible for skin damage resulting from prolonged skin exposure. Sunscreens have been used since ancient civilizations with various measures to limit exposure to sun exposure being employed. Awareness of the risks associated with sunrays has been increasing in the last century, and as a result, the science, technologies, and formulation have advanced significantly. The use of sunscreen products continues rising as government health agencies seek to contain increasing cases of UV induced melanomas. Recreational sunbathing and artificial tanning have increased the risk for these diseases significantly. This review article sought to expound the scientific basis of sunscreen use, the classification, formulation, quality control and regulation across the different countries around the world. The literature review was conducted on Google scholar, PubMed, SCOPUS, Cochrane, BMJ, SCIELO among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiriiri Geoffrey
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, University of Nairobi, P.O Box 19676-00202, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - A N Mwangi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, University of Nairobi, P.O Box 19676-00202, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - S M Maru
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, University of Nairobi, P.O Box 19676-00202, Nairobi, Kenya
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16
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Abstract
Skin cancer is the most common cancer in the United States, and risk for melanoma is greatly increased with a serious sunburn in childhood or adolescence. Skin cancer also is one of the most preventable cancers, as sun exposure is an almost entirely modifiable risk factor. Proper skin protection should start early in life when infants begin to be exposed to the outdoors. [Pediatr Ann. 2019;48(6):e213-e214.].
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17
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Mehrotra P, Chatterjee B, Sen S. EM-Wave Biosensors: A Review of RF, Microwave, mm-Wave and Optical Sensing. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 19:E1013. [PMID: 30818865 PMCID: PMC6427747 DOI: 10.3390/s19051013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This article presents a broad review on optical, radio-frequency (RF), microwave (MW), millimeter wave (mmW) and terahertz (THz) biosensors. Biomatter-wave interaction modalities are considered over a wide range of frequencies and applications such as detection of cancer biomarkers, biotin, neurotransmitters and heart rate are presented in detail. By treating biological tissue as a dielectric substance, having a unique dielectric signature, it can be characterized by frequency dependent parameters such as permittivity and conductivity. By observing the unique permittivity spectrum, cancerous cells can be distinguished from healthy ones or by measuring the changes in permittivity, concentration of medically relevant biomolecules such as glucose, neurotransmitters, vitamins and proteins, ailments and abnormalities can be detected. In case of optical biosensors, any change in permittivity is transduced to a change in optical properties such as photoluminescence, interference pattern, reflection intensity and reflection angle through techniques like quantum dots, interferometry, surface enhanced raman scattering or surface plasmon resonance. Conversely, in case of RF, MW, mmW and THz biosensors, capacitive sensing is most commonly employed where changes in permittivity are reflected as changes in capacitance, through components like interdigitated electrodes, resonators and microstrip structures. In this paper, interactions of EM waves with biomatter are considered, with an emphasis on a clear demarcation of various modalities, their underlying principles and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shreyas Sen
- ECE, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA.
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18
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Kwon SH, Na JI, Choi JY, Park KC. Melasma: Updates and perspectives. Exp Dermatol 2018; 28:704-708. [PMID: 30422338 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Management of melasma is highly challenging due to inconsistent treatment results and frequent relapses. However, recent studies revealed that melasma may not only be a disease of melanocytes, but also a photoaging skin disorder. Herein, we attempt to validate that melasma is indeed a photoaging disorder by presenting the histopathologic findings of melasma: solar elastosis, altered basement membrane, increased vascularization and increased mast cell count. We also provide some therapeutic implications based on these findings and a discussion on the latest updates and perspectives regarding treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon-Hyo Kwon
- College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University, Gyeonggi, Korea
| | - Jung-Im Na
- College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University, Gyeonggi, Korea
| | - Ji-Young Choi
- College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University, Gyeonggi, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Chan Park
- College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University, Gyeonggi, Korea
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19
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Del Bino S, Duval C, Bernerd F. Clinical and Biological Characterization of Skin Pigmentation Diversity and Its Consequences on UV Impact. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092668. [PMID: 30205563 PMCID: PMC6163216 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin color diversity is the most variable and noticeable phenotypic trait in humans resulting from constitutive pigmentation variability. This paper will review the characterization of skin pigmentation diversity with a focus on the most recent data on the genetic basis of skin pigmentation, and the various methodologies for skin color assessment. Then, melanocyte activity and amount, type and distribution of melanins, which are the main drivers for skin pigmentation, are described. Paracrine regulators of melanocyte microenvironment are also discussed. Skin response to sun exposure is also highly dependent on color diversity. Thus, sensitivity to solar wavelengths is examined in terms of acute effects such as sunburn/erythema or induced-pigmentation but also long-term consequences such as skin cancers, photoageing and pigmentary disorders. More pronounced sun-sensitivity in lighter or darker skin types depending on the detrimental effects and involved wavelengths is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Del Bino
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, 1 avenue Eugène Schueller, 93601 Aulnay-sous-Bois, France.
| | - Christine Duval
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, 1 avenue Eugène Schueller, 93601 Aulnay-sous-Bois, France.
| | - Françoise Bernerd
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, 1 avenue Eugène Schueller, 93601 Aulnay-sous-Bois, France.
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20
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Pathology and causes of death in stranded humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) from Brazil. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194872. [PMID: 29768405 PMCID: PMC5955494 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This study describes the pathologic findings of 24 humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) found stranded along the Brazilian coast from 2004 to 2016. Eighteen (75%) animals evaluated were found stranded alive. From these, 13 died naturally on shore and five were euthanized. Six died at sea and were washed ashore. Of the 24, 19 (79.2%) were calves, four (16.7%) were juveniles, and one (4.2%) was an adult. The most probable cause of stranding and/or death (CSD) was determined in 23/24 (95.8%) individuals. In calves, CSD included neonatal respiratory distress (13/19; 68.4%), infectious disease (septicemia, omphaloarteritis and urachocystitis; 3/19; 15.8%), trauma of unknown origin (2/19; 10.5%), and vehicular trauma (vessel strike; 1/19; 5.3%). In juveniles and adult individuals, CSD was: emaciation (2/5; 40%), sunlight-thermal burn shock (1/5; 20%); and discospondylitis (1/5; 20%). In one juvenile, the CSD was undetermined (1/5; 20%). This study integrates novel findings and published case reports to delineate the pathology of a South-western Atlantic population of humpback whales. This foundation will aid in the assessment of the population health and establish a baseline for development of conservation policies.
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21
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Muthiah S, Charlton F, Farr PM. Localized inflammatory reactions at sites of subcutaneous methotrexate injections during treatment with ultraviolet B. Br J Dermatol 2018; 179:192-194. [PMID: 29341063 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.16357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Muthiah
- Dermatology Department, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K
| | - F Charlton
- Department of Laboratory Medicine - Cellular Pathology, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K
| | - P M Farr
- Dermatology Department, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K
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22
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Fan SMY, Chen PH, Tseng YT, Hong JB, Chen W, Tsai TF, Lin SJ. Preclinical evaluation of melanocyte transplantation by chitosan-based melanocyte spheroid patch to skin prepared by controlled sunburn blistering. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2018; 106:2535-2543. [PMID: 29322633 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Transplantation of autologous cultured melanocytes as cell suspension has been used for the treatment of vitiligo. The recipient site is often prepared by laser-mediated dermabrasion. Such procedures encounter disadvantages including prolonged transplantation duration, unsecured cell adherence to lesional skin and potential scarring. To improve this, here we propose a method by preparing recipient sites before transplantation by psoralen and ultraviolet A (PUVA)-induced sunburn followed by transplanting cells with a chitosan-based melanocyte spheroid patch. We evaluated the method in nude mice. Application of methoxsalen-soaked filter paper on skin for 30 min followed by ultraviolet A exposure induced controlled sunburn blisters in 2 days. Upon transplantation, the blister roof could be quickly peeled off by a waxing patch. The chitosan membrane on which melanocytes were precultured into multicellular spheroids was transplanted with cells facing the skin. The chitosan patch adhered well to skin and secured the contact of melanocytes with the recipient site. One day later, melanocyte spheroids already detached from the chitosan membrane and adhered to the recipient skin. Our results suggest that the combination of chitosan-based melanocyte spheroid patch with epidermal ablation by PUVA-induced sunburn reaction can be a feasible method to facilitate melanocyte transplantation. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 2535-2543, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Mai-Yi Fan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hua Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Yun-Lin Branch, National Taiwan University Hospital, Doliu, Yunlin, Taiwan.,Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Tseng
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Bon Hong
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wannhsin Chen
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Tsen-Fang Tsai
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Jan Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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23
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Vo TS, Kim SK, Ryu B, Ngo DH, Yoon NY, Bach LG, Hang NTN, Ngo DN. The Suppressive Activity of Fucofuroeckol-A Derived from Brown Algal Ecklonia stolonifera Okamura on UVB-Induced Mast Cell Degranulation. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:E1. [PMID: 29300311 PMCID: PMC5793049 DOI: 10.3390/md16010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
UV light, especially UVB, is known as a trigger of allergic reaction, leading to mast cell degranulation and histamine release. In this study, phlorotannin Fucofuroeckol-A (F-A) derived from brown algal Ecklonia stolonifera Okamura was evaluated for its protective capability against UVB-induced allergic reaction in RBL-2H3 mast cells. It was revealed that F-A significantly suppress mast cell degranulation via decreasing histamine release as well as intracellular Ca2+ elevation at the concentration of 50 μM. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of F-A on IL-1β and TNF-α productions was also evidenced. Notably, the protective activity of F-A against mast cell degranulation was found due to scavenging ROS production. Accordingly, F-A from brown algal E. stolonifera was suggested to be promising candidate for its protective capability against UVB-induced allergic reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Sang Vo
- NTT Institute of Hi-Technology, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam.
| | - Se-Kwon Kim
- Department of Marine Life Science, College of Ocean Science and Technology, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 606-791, Korea.
| | - BoMi Ryu
- School of Pharmacy, the University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Dai Hung Ngo
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Thu Dau Mot University, Thu Dau Mot City 820000, Binh Duong Province, Vietnam.
| | - Na-Young Yoon
- Food and Safety Research Center, National Fisheries Research & Development, Busan 46083, Korea.
| | - Long Giang Bach
- Department of Science and Technology, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam.
| | - Nguyen Thi Nhat Hang
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Thu Dau Mot University, Thu Dau Mot City 820000, Binh Duong Province, Vietnam.
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science-VNU-HCM City, 227 Nguyen Van Cu Street, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam.
| | - Dai Nghiep Ngo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam.
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24
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Hossy BH, Leitão AADC, Torres RB, Ramos-E-Silva M, Miguel NCDO, de Pádula M. Histological observation of hairless mice skin after exposure to Simulated Solar Light: Comparison between the histological findings with different methodologies and 3R principle correlations. Burns 2017; 44:359-369. [PMID: 29032978 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Albino hairless mouse (AHM) has been used as a biological model in photodermatology. However, the experimental landscape is diverse to follow and need particular attention. PURPOSE Irradiation parameters were investigated for the development of a protocol to assess alterations in the AHM skin using Simulated Solar Light (SSL). The present study was compared with published articles (last 15 years) according to irradiation protocols, morphological findings to minimize animal suffering and UV exposure. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three groups: Control (G1), experimental - sunburn (G2) and skin photodamage assay (G3). G2 were immobilized and exposed to SSL once for 15, 30 and 45min. G3 were exposed to SSL, without immobilization, for 15min once a day for one week. The dorsal skin was analyzed using hematoxylin and eosin technique. RESULTS G2 displayed different sunburn degrees. Based on the profile of the observed morphological alterations, a 15min irradiation was chosen as the exposure time to expose G3, without immobilization, for 5 consecutive days. CONCLUSION These conditions produced the same morphological changes in the AHM with a shorter solar exposure time, without immobilizing the animals but using environmental exposure fluences, conforming to 3R (reduction - refinement - replacement) recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Hudson Hossy
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina - Serviço de Dermatologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alvaro Augusto da Costa Leitão
- Laboratório de Radiobiologia Molecular, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renata Bosco Torres
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Avaliação Genotóxica, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Programa de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Federal, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcia Ramos-E-Silva
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina - Serviço de Dermatologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Nádia Campos de Oliveira Miguel
- Programa de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Federal, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo de Pádula
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Avaliação Genotóxica, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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25
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Pilkington SM, Gibbs NK, Costello P, Bennett SP, Massey KA, Friedmann PS, Nicolaou A, Rhodes LE. Effect of oral eicosapentaenoic acid on epidermal Langerhans cell numbers and PGD2production in UVR-exposed human skin: a randomised controlled study. Exp Dermatol 2016; 25:962-968. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.13177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M. Pilkington
- Centre for Dermatology; Institute of Inflammation and Repair; University of Manchester; Manchester UK
| | - Neil K. Gibbs
- Centre for Dermatology; Institute of Inflammation and Repair; University of Manchester; Manchester UK
| | - Patrick Costello
- Centre for Dermatology; Institute of Inflammation and Repair; University of Manchester; Manchester UK
| | - Susan P. Bennett
- Centre for Dermatology; Salford Royal Hospital; Manchester Academic Health Science Centre; Manchester UK
| | - Karen A. Massey
- School of Pharmacy; Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences; University of Manchester; Manchester UK
| | | | - Anna Nicolaou
- School of Pharmacy; Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences; University of Manchester; Manchester UK
| | - Lesley E. Rhodes
- Centre for Dermatology; Institute of Inflammation and Repair; University of Manchester; Manchester UK
- Centre for Dermatology; Salford Royal Hospital; Manchester Academic Health Science Centre; Manchester UK
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Dyer JM, Haines SR, Thomas A, Wang W, Walls RJ, Clerens S, Harland DP. Redox proteomic evaluation of oxidative modification and recovery in a 3D reconstituted human skin tissue model exposed to UVB. Int J Cosmet Sci 2016; 39:197-205. [DOI: 10.1111/ics.12365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J. M. Dyer
- Food & Bio-Based Products; AgResearch Ltd; Private Bag 4749, Christchurch 8140 New Zealand
- Riddet Institute, Massey University; Private Bag 11222 Palmerston North 4442 New Zealand
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre; University of Canterbury; Private Bag 4800 Christchurch 8140 New Zealand
- Wine, Food & Molecular Biosciences; PO Box 85084, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647; New Zealand
| | - S. R. Haines
- Food & Bio-Based Products; AgResearch Ltd; Private Bag 4749, Christchurch 8140 New Zealand
| | - A. Thomas
- Food & Bio-Based Products; AgResearch Ltd; Private Bag 4749, Christchurch 8140 New Zealand
| | - W. Wang
- Food & Bio-Based Products; AgResearch Ltd; Private Bag 4749, Christchurch 8140 New Zealand
| | - R. J. Walls
- Food & Bio-Based Products; AgResearch Ltd; Private Bag 4749, Christchurch 8140 New Zealand
| | - S. Clerens
- Food & Bio-Based Products; AgResearch Ltd; Private Bag 4749, Christchurch 8140 New Zealand
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre; University of Canterbury; Private Bag 4800 Christchurch 8140 New Zealand
| | - D. P. Harland
- Food & Bio-Based Products; AgResearch Ltd; Private Bag 4749, Christchurch 8140 New Zealand
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27
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Nobile V, Michelotti A, Cestone E, Caturla N, Castillo J, Benavente-García O, Pérez-Sánchez A, Micol V. Skin photoprotective and antiageing effects of a combination of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) and grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) polyphenols. Food Nutr Res 2016; 60:31871. [PMID: 27374032 PMCID: PMC4931025 DOI: 10.3402/fnr.v60.31871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Plant polyphenols have been found to be effective in preventing ultraviolet radiation (UVR)-induced skin alterations. A dietary approach based of these compounds could be a safe and effective method to provide a continuous adjunctive photoprotection measure. In a previous study, a combination of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) and grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) extracts has exhibited potential photoprotective effects both in skin cell model and in a human pilot trial. Objective We investigated the efficacy of a combination of rosemary (R. officinalis) and grapefruit (C. paradisi) in decreasing the individual susceptibility to UVR exposure (redness and lipoperoxides) and in improving skin wrinkledness and elasticity. Design A randomised, parallel group study was carried out on 90 subjects. Furthermore, a pilot, randomised, crossover study was carried out on five subjects. Female subjects having skin phototype from I to III and showing mild to moderate chrono- or photoageing clinical signs were enrolled in both studies. Skin redness (a* value of CIELab colour space) after UVB exposure to 1 minimal erythemal dose (MED) was assessed in the pilot study, while MED, lipoperoxides (malondialdehyde) skin content, wrinkle depth (image analysis), and skin elasticity (suction and elongation method) were measured in the main study. Results Treated subjects showed a decrease of the UVB- and UVA-induced skin alterations (decreased skin redness and lipoperoxides) and an improvement of skin wrinkledness and elasticity. No differences were found between the 100 and 250 mg extracts doses, indicating a plateau effect starting from 100 mg extracts dose. Some of the positive effects were noted as short as 2 weeks of product consumption. Conclusions The long-term oral intake of Nutroxsun™ can be considered to be a complementary nutrition strategy to avoid the negative effects of sun exposure. The putative mechanism for these effects is most likely to take place through the inhibition of UVR-induced reactive oxygen species and the concomitant inflammatory markers (lipoperoxides and cytokines) together with their direct action on intracellular signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Julián Castillo
- Nutrafur S.A. (Frutarom Group), Murcia, Spain.,Universidad Católica San Antonio, Murcia, Spain
| | - Obdulio Benavente-García
- Nutrafur S.A. (Frutarom Group), Murcia, Spain.,Institute of Research Into Aging, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Almudena Pérez-Sánchez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad Miguel Hernández (UMH), Alicante, Spain
| | - Vicente Micol
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad Miguel Hernández (UMH), Alicante, Spain
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28
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Heterogeneous Pathology of Melasma and Its Clinical Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17060824. [PMID: 27240341 PMCID: PMC4926358 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17060824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Melasma is a commonly acquired hypermelanosis that affects sun-exposed areas of the skin, with frequent facial involvement. Its histologic manifestations are evident in the epidermis, extracellular matrix, and dermis. In addition to epidermal pigmentation, pathologic findings of melasma include extracellular matrix abnormality, especially solar elastosis. The disrupted basement membrane has been described in melasma with variable incidences. In the dermis, an increase in vascularity and an increase in the number of mast cells were observed, indicating that dermal factors have critical roles in the pathogenesis of melasma, despite the fact that melasma is characterized by epidermal hyperpigmentation. This review discusses such histologic characteristics of melasma, with consideration to their implications for melasma treatment.
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29
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Shimizu K, Andoh T, Yoshihisa Y, Shimizu T. Histamine Released from Epidermal Keratinocytes Plays a Role in α-Melanocyte–Stimulating Hormone-Induced Itching in Mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2015; 185:3003-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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30
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Nakamura M, Haarmann-Stemmann T, Krutmann J. COX inhibition enhances inflammatory immune cell infiltration in UV-irradiated human skin: implications for the treatment of sunburn. Exp Dermatol 2015; 24:734-5. [PMID: 26121391 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Motoki Nakamura
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Department of Environmental and Geriatric Dermatology, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - Jean Krutmann
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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31
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Seo I, Chu M, Bargo PR, Kollias N. Skin responses to micro scale field size of solar-simulated radiation--preliminary evaluation by reflectance confocal microscopy in vivo. Photochem Photobiol 2014; 90:1427-32. [PMID: 25244438 DOI: 10.1111/php.12348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Erythema and pigment responses of human skin following an acute exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) are frequently used to determine the photosensitivity of the skin. In this study we investigated the responses of the skin to a micro-scale area of UVR exposure (MiR) and compared the responses to a macro-scale area of exposure (MaR). Ten human volunteers were tested with solar-simulated radiation on their upper arm or back using a beam size of 8 mm and 0.2 mm in diameter. The fluence required to produce a minimally perceptible erythema (MED) using the MiR was found to be higher than that for the MaR. The erythema response extended beyond the exposed area and this became pronounced when the beam size was microscopic. Reflectance confocal microscopy in vivo revealed that MiR induced cellular alterations within a confined area of smaller dimensions than the area of exposure. Pigment responses were confined within the areas of cellular damage. The erythema expression of exposed skin recovered faster for the sites receiving MiR even when the applied fluence was higher than the MED for the MaR. Through the use of MiR we were able to visualize spatially dissimilar skin responses of erythema and pigmentation suggesting different cellular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- InSeok Seo
- Johnson and Johnson CPPW, Skillman, NJ, USA
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32
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Koehler MJ, Kellner K, Hipler UC, Kaatz M. Acute UVB-induced epidermal changes assessed by multiphoton laser tomography. Skin Res Technol 2014; 21:137-43. [PMID: 25066913 DOI: 10.1111/srt.12168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In vivo multiphoton tomography (MPT) of human skin has become a valuable tool for non-invasive examination of morphological and biophysical skin properties and their alterations. So far, skin changes after UVB irradiation were mainly evaluated clinically and histologically. The present study aimed at non-invasive imaging of histological changes during acute UVB irradiation by multiphoton laser tomography. METHODS In 10 volunteers, five areas were irradiated once with an erythematous UVB dose. Multiphoton measurements were performed four times, i.e. before irradiation (baseline), and 24, 48 and 72 h after irradiation, respectively. The data were evaluated for changes of epidermal pleomorphy, spongiosis, pigmentation and thickness. RESULTS The four parameters were altered significantly by acute UVB irradiation, i.e. epidermal pleomorphy, spongiosis, pigmentation and thickness increased within 72 h after irradiation. CONCLUSION Thus, the study has shown that typical epidermal changes induced by acute UVB irradiation can be evaluated by MPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Koehler
- Department of Dermatology, SRH Waldklinikum Gera, Gera, Germany; Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
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33
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Del Bino S, Bernerd F. Variations in skin colour and the biological consequences of ultraviolet radiation exposure. Br J Dermatol 2014; 169 Suppl 3:33-40. [PMID: 24098899 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.12529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Harmful consequences of sun exposure range from sunburn, photoageing and pigmentary disorders to skin cancer. The incidence and extent of these detrimental effects are largely due to the degree of constitutive pigmentation of the skin. The latter can be objectively classified according to the individual typology angle (°ITA) based on colorimetric parameters. The physiological relevance of the ITA colorimetric classification was assessed in 3500 women living in various geographical areas. Furthermore, in order to understand the relationship between constitutive pigmentation and ultraviolet radiation (UVR) sensitivity, we worked on ex vivo human skin samples of different colour exposed to increasing UVR doses. For each sample we defined the biologically efficient dose (BED), based on the induction of sunburn cells, and analysed UVR-induced DNA damage (cyclobutane thymine dimers, CPD). We found a significant correlation between ITA and BED. We also found a correlation between ITA and DNA damage. As the epidermal basal layer also hosts melanocytes and in order to analyse the relationship between skin colour and DNA damage occurring specifically within this cell type, we performed double staining for CPD and tyrosinase-related protein (TRP) 1, a key enzyme in melanin synthesis. We found that DNA damage within melanocytes depends on ITA. Taken together our results may explain the higher risk of lighter skin types developing skin cancers, including melanoma, as well as the development of pigmentary disorders in moderately pigmented skin. They show that skin classification based on ITA is physiologically relevant (as it correlates with constitutive pigmentation) and further support the concept of a more personalized approach to photoprotection that corresponds to a particular skin colour type's sensitivity to solar UVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Del Bino
- Centre Charles Zviak, L'Oréal Research & Innovation, 90 rue du Général Roguet, 92583, Clichy Cedex, France
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34
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Moriyama M, Moriyama H, Uda J, Matsuyama A, Osawa M, Hayakawa T. BNIP3 plays crucial roles in the differentiation and maintenance of epidermal keratinocytes. J Invest Dermatol 2014; 134:1627-1635. [PMID: 24402046 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2014.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptome analysis of the epidermis of Hes1(-/-) mouse revealed the direct relationship between Hes1 (hairy and enhancer of split-1) and BNIP3 (BCL2 and adenovirus E1B 19-kDa-interacting protein 3), a potent inducer of autophagy. Keratinocyte differentiation is going along with activation of lysosomal enzymes and organelle clearance, expecting the contribution of autophagy in this process. We found that BNIP3 was expressed in the suprabasal layer of the epidermis, where autophagosome formation is normally observed. Forced expression of BNIP3 in human primary epidermal keratinocytes (HPEKs) resulted in autophagy induction and keratinocyte differentiation, whereas knockdown of BNIP3 had the opposite effect. Intriguingly, addition of an autophagy inhibitor significantly suppressed the BNIP3-stimulated differentiation of keratinocytes, suggesting that BNIP3 plays a crucial role in keratinocyte differentiation by inducing autophagy. Furthermore, the number of dead cells increased in the human epidermal equivalent of BNIP3 knockdown keratinocytes, which suggests that BNIP3 is important for maintenance of skin epidermis. Interestingly, although UVB irradiation stimulated BNIP3 expression and cleavage of caspase3, suppression of UVB-induced BNIP3 expression led to further increase in cleaved caspase3 levels. This suggests that BNIP3 has a protective effect against UVB-induced apoptosis in keratinocytes. Overall, our data provide valuable insights into the role of BNIP3 in the differentiation and maintenance of epidermal keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Moriyama
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kinki University, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, Japan; Platform for Realization of Regenerative Medicine, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Moriyama
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kinki University, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Junki Uda
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kinki University, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akifumi Matsuyama
- Platform for Realization of Regenerative Medicine, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Masatake Osawa
- Division of Regeneration Technology, Gifu University School of Medicine, Gifu, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takao Hayakawa
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kinki University, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, Japan
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35
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Koller S, Inzinger M, Rothmund M, Ahlgrimm-Siess V, Massone C, Arzberger E, Wolf P, Hofmann-Wellenhof R. UV-induced alterations of the skin evaluated over time by reflectance confocal microscopy. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2013; 28:1061-8. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.12284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Koller
- Department of Dermatology; Medical University of Graz; Graz Austria
| | - M. Inzinger
- Department of Dermatology; Medical University of Graz; Graz Austria
| | - M. Rothmund
- Department of Dermatology; Medical University of Graz; Graz Austria
| | - V. Ahlgrimm-Siess
- Department of Dermatology; Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg; Salzburg Austria
| | - C. Massone
- Department of Dermatology; Medical University of Graz; Graz Austria
| | - E. Arzberger
- Department of Dermatology; Medical University of Graz; Graz Austria
| | - P. Wolf
- Department of Dermatology; Medical University of Graz; Graz Austria
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36
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Wilson DK, Agin PP. Detection of Skin Damage in the Hairless Mouse: Histological Hints. J Histotechnol 2013. [DOI: 10.1179/his.1982.5.2.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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37
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Hossy BH, da Costa Leitão AA, Luz FB, dos Santos EP, Allodi S, de Pádula M, de Oliveira Miguel NC. Effects of a sunscreen formulation on albino hairless mice: a morphological approach. Arch Dermatol Res 2013; 305:535-44. [PMID: 23595354 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-013-1356-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2012] [Revised: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effects of a sunscreen formulation on the skin of albino hairless mice subjected to simulated solar light (SSL) in terms of morphological changes. Young adult albino hairless mice HRS/J (n = 36) were used as an experimental model for determining skin photoaging changes. Mice were irradiated with SSL, and the sunscreen (estimated SPF 30, PF-UVA) was obtained from the Pharmacy College/UFRJ, Brazil. The animals were divided into four groups: non-treated (G1), radiation only (G2), sunscreen-treated (G3) and vehicle + radiation (G4). Animals from groups G2, G3 and G4 were irradiated weekly (5 weeks), with no immobilization. One week after the final exposure, the dorsal skin was observed using a dermatoscopic camera. Biopsies were analyzed in order to quantify neovascularization and to evaluate histological aspects of the skin. Neovascularization was also evaluated with immunohistochemical reactions for the Von Willebrand factor. Animals from G2 displayed classical morphological changes denoting skin photoaging: thickening of the epidermis, increased dermal cellularity, follicular keratosis, sebaceous gland hyperplasia, and angiogenesis. Animals from groups G3 and G1 displayed similar morphological profiles, without these changes. Animals from group G4 showed more morphological changes than group G2, emphasizing the relative importance of the putative photosensitizing components present in the vehicle formulation. The extent of the morphological skin changes suggested that the sunscreen formulation was effective against SSL, and showed the importance of assessing the phototoxicity of vehicle formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Hudson Hossy
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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KIAA1199, a deafness gene of unknown function, is a new hyaluronan binding protein involved in hyaluronan depolymerization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:5612-7. [PMID: 23509262 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1215432110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) has an extraordinarily high turnover in physiological tissues, and HA degradation is accelerated in inflammatory and neoplastic diseases. CD44 (a cell surface receptor) and two hyaluronidases (HYAL1 and HYAL2) are thought to be responsible for HA binding and degradation; however, the role of these molecules in HA catabolism remains controversial. Here we show that KIAA1199, a deafness gene of unknown function, plays a central role in HA binding and depolymerization that is independent of CD44 and HYAL enzymes. The specific binding of KIAA1199 to HA was demonstrated in glycosaminoglycan-binding assays. We found that knockdown of KIAA1199 abolished HA degradation by human skin fibroblasts and that transfection of KIAA1199 cDNA into cells conferred the ability to catabolize HA in an endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase-dependent manner via the clathrin-coated pit pathway. Enhanced degradation of HA in synovial fibroblasts from patients with osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis was correlated with increased levels of KIAA1199 expression and was abrogated by knockdown of KIAA1199. The level of KIAA1199 expression in uninflamed synovium was less than in osteoarthritic or rheumatoid synovium. These data suggest that KIAA1199 is a unique hyaladherin with a key role in HA catabolism in the dermis of the skin and arthritic synovium.
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39
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Noel-Hudson MS, de Belilovsky C, Petit N, Lindenbaum A, Wepierre J. In vitro cytotoxic effects of enzymatically induced oxygen radicals in human fibroblasts: Experimental procedures and protection by radical scavengers. Toxicol In Vitro 2012; 3:103-9. [PMID: 20702307 DOI: 10.1016/0887-2333(89)90052-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/1988] [Revised: 08/01/1988] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Introduction of hypoxanthine and xanthine oxidase into human fibroblast cultures induces a dose-dependent cytotoxicity as a result of free-radical formation. The influence of medium, cell density and the power of recovery after free-radical attack were investigated. It appears that toxicity is higher in physiological Dulbecco phosphate buffer or Hanks' balanced salt solution than in modified Eagle medium, is inversely proportional to cell density and that damage is most often irreversible. Using this model, we studied the protective effects of a hydrosoluble flavonoid, silybin, and of a well known antioxidant, BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene). These molecules were administered before and during free-radical attack. With BHT significant protection was observed when it was added before free-radical attack (24% protection at a concentration of 10(-4)m) and before and during exposure (20% protection at a concentration of 10(-5)m). When silybin is applied during radical attack maximal activity is recorded at a concentration of 8 x 10(-4)m (45%), but the most interesting results are observed when 1 x 10(-4) and 8 x 10(-4)m are used, respectively, before and during radical exposure (63% of activity).
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Noel-Hudson
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Unité de Dermopharmacologie, CNRS UA 594, Avenue J. B. Clément, 92290 Chatenay Malabry, France
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40
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Rukwied R, Dusch M, Schley M, Forsch E, Schmelz M. Nociceptor sensitization to mechanical and thermal stimuli in pig skin in vivo. Eur J Pain 2012; 12:242-50. [PMID: 17611131 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpain.2007.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2006] [Revised: 05/22/2007] [Accepted: 05/22/2007] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Primary hyperalgesia to mechanical and thermal stimuli are major clinical symptoms of inflammatory pain and can be induced experimentally by ultraviolet-B (UV-B) irradiation in humans. We set-up a pig model in order to have more options for pharmacological intervention on primary hyperalgesia. Pig skin was irradiated with a dose one- to threefold higher than the minimum erythema dose (MED) and investigated for mechanical and heat responsiveness 24 and 48 h post UV-B treatment. C-fiber activation upon mechanical and thermal stimulation was assessed indirectly by extent of the axon reflex erythema (flare) measured by laser Doppler imaging. Mechanical stimulation with von Frey filaments (100 mN) induced flare responses in UV-B treated skin at 24 and 48 h, but no effect was measured in normal untreated skin. Increased mechanical stimulation (600 mN) elicited a small flare response in normal skin in an area of 1.8 cm(2) on average that was extending about 2.5 cm(2) in the UV-B irradiated sites. Thermal stimuli provoked in normal pig skin flare areas of approximately 2 cm(2) (45 degrees C, 10 s) and 4.5 cm(2) (47 degrees C, 10 s) which increased to about 3.5 cm(2) (45 degrees C) and 5.5 cm(2) (47 degrees C) following UV-B irradiation at 24 and 48 h. No significant differences of mechanically or thermally induced hypersensitivity were seen between 24 and 48 h after irradiation. We conclude that UV-B induced mechanical and heat sensitization of primary afferent nociceptors can be assessed in pig skin, providing a new human-like model of primary hyperalgesia. Sensitization of primarily mechano-insensitive (silent) nociceptors, which are underlying the flare response in humans, most probably contributes to the observation presented here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Rukwied
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany.
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Rother M, Rother I. Placebo controlled, crossover validation study of oral ibuprofen and topical hydrocortisone- 21-acetate for a model of ultraviolet B radiation (UVR)-induced pain and inflammation. J Pain Res 2011; 4:357-63. [PMID: 22090804 PMCID: PMC3215515 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s24821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pain related to ultraviolet B radiation (UVR) induced sunburn is an established, simple, acute pain model. One of the major criticisms is related to the potential dermal adverse events caused by the UVR exposure. This study tried to validate the model for oral and topical drugs and to define the minimum required UVR exposure. METHODS This subject- and observer-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover study evaluated 600 mg oral ibuprofen (IB) and topical hydrocortisone-21-acetate (HC) twice daily (bid) in 24 healthy volunteers. Treatment started immediately after irradiation and again at 12 hours, 24 hours, and 36 hours post-UVR. Assessment of hyperalgesia to heat and signs of inflammation (erythema, skin temperature) for all areas was performed after UVR and again at 6, 12, 24, 36, and 48 hours. Subjects returned within 4-11 days to the study site for the second period of the study. As in the first period, subjects received HC at one side and topical placebo on the other side, but oral treatment was crossed-over. RESULTS The primary analysis failed to show the expected superiority of the IB-group vs the placebo group in period 1 of the study. Evaluating period 2 alone clearly showed the expected treatment effects of IB for erythema and heat pain threshold. The results were less pronounced for skin temperature. In contrast to IB vs oral placebo, there were no differences in treatment response between HC and topical placebo. UVR at all dosages induced profound erythema and reduction of heat pain threshold without causing blisters or other unexpected discomfort to the subjects. The changes were almost linear between 1 and 2 minimal erythema doses (MED), whereas the change from 2 to 3 MED was less pronounced. CONCLUSION Use of 2 MED in upcoming studies seems to be reasonable to limit subjects' UVB exposure. The following procedural changes are suggested: Intensified training sessions before randomization to treatmentIncrease in sample size if they are crossover studiesSimplification in design (either oral or topical treatment).
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Rother
- Department of Clinical Operations, X-pert Med GmbH, Graefelfing, Germany
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42
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Salim S, Ali SA. Vertebrate melanophores as potential model for drug discovery and development: a review. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2011; 16:162-200. [PMID: 21225472 PMCID: PMC6275700 DOI: 10.2478/s11658-010-0044-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug discovery in skin pharmacotherapy is an enormous, continually expanding field. Researchers are developing novel and sensitive pharmaceutical products and drugs that target specific receptors to elicit concerted and appropriate responses. The pigment-bearing cells called melanophores have a significant contribution to make in this field. Melanophores, which contain the dark brown or black pigment melanin, constitute an important class of chromatophores. They are highly specialized in the bidirectional and coordinated translocation of pigment granules when given an appropriate stimulus. The pigment granules can be stimulated to undergo rapid dispersion throughout the melanophores, making the cell appear dark, or to aggregate at the center, making the cell appear light. The major signals involved in pigment transport within the melanophores are dependent on a special class of cell surface receptors called G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Many of these receptors of adrenaline, acetylcholine, histamine, serotonin, endothelin and melatonin have been found on melanophores. They are believed to have clinical relevance to skin-related ailments and therefore have become targets for high throughput screening projects. The selective screening of these receptors requires the recognition of particular ligands, agonists and antagonists and the characterization of their effects on pigment motility within the cells. The mechanism of skin pigmentation is incredibly intricate, but it would be a considerable step forward to unravel its underlying physiological mechanism. This would provide an experimental basis for new pharmacotherapies for dermatological anomalies. The discernible stimuli that can trigger a variety of intracellular signals affecting pigment granule movement primarily include neurotransmitters and hormones. This review focuses on the role of the hormone and neurotransmitter signals involved in pigment movement in terms of the pharmacology of the specific receptors.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Drug Discovery
- Hypothalamic Hormones/metabolism
- Melanins/metabolism
- Melanocortins/metabolism
- Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormones/metabolism
- Melanophores/metabolism
- Pituitary Hormones/metabolism
- Receptors, Adrenergic/chemistry
- Receptors, Adrenergic/metabolism
- Receptors, Cholinergic/chemistry
- Receptors, Cholinergic/metabolism
- Receptors, Endothelin/chemistry
- Receptors, Endothelin/metabolism
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/agonists
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism
- Receptors, Histamine/chemistry
- Receptors, Histamine/metabolism
- Receptors, Melatonin/agonists
- Receptors, Melatonin/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Melatonin/metabolism
- Receptors, Serotonin/chemistry
- Receptors, Serotonin/metabolism
- Vertebrates
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Affiliation(s)
- Saima Salim
- Postgraduate Department of Biotechnology, Saifia College of Science Bhopal, Saifia, 462001 India
| | - Sharique A. Ali
- Postgraduate Department of Biotechnology, Saifia College of Science Bhopal, Saifia, 462001 India
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Salim S, Ali AS, Ali SA. Insights into the physiomodulatory role of histaminergic receptors in vertebrate skin pigmentation. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2011; 31:121-31. [DOI: 10.3109/10799893.2011.552915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Gillbro JM, Olsson MJ. The melanogenesis and mechanisms of skin-lightening agents--existing and new approaches. Int J Cosmet Sci 2011; 33:210-21. [PMID: 21265866 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2494.2010.00616.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Skin-lightening products are commercially available for cosmetic purposes to obtain lighter skin complexion. Clinically, they are also used for treatment of hyperpigmentary disorders such as melasma, café au lait spot and solar lentigo. All of these target naturally melanin production, and many of the commonly used agents are known as competitive inhibitors of tyrosinase, one of the key enzymes in melanogenesis. In this review, we present an overview of commonly used skin-whitening ingredients that are commercialized, but we also hypothesize on other mechanisms that could be important targets to control skin pigmentation such as for example regulation of the adrenergic and glutaminergic signalling and also control of tetrahydrobiopterins in the human skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Gillbro
- Oriflame Cosmetics Skin Research Institute, SE-101 39 Stockholm, Sweden
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Damiani E, Astolfi P, Giesinger J, Ehlis T, Herzog B, Greci L, Baschong W. Assessment of the photo-degradation of UV-filters and radical-induced peroxidation in cosmetic sunscreen formulations. Free Radic Res 2010; 44:304-12. [DOI: 10.3109/10715760903486065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paola Astolfi
- Dipartimento ISAC-Sezione Chimica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, I-60131 Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Thomas Ehlis
- Research Center Protection & Stabilization, CIBA Grenzach GmbH, Germany
| | | | - Lucedio Greci
- Dipartimento ISAC-Sezione Chimica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, I-60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Werner Baschong
- Application Center UV Protection & Actives, CIBA Inc., Basel, Switzerland
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Altintas AA, Amini P, Altintas MA, Perbix W, Phan V, Stasch T, Spilker G. Histometric and histomorphologic comparison of combustion and ambustion using in vivo reflectance-confocal microscopy. Microsc Res Tech 2009; 73:160-4. [PMID: 19725063 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.20770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND When combustion and ambustion induce a superficial injury, they are summarized as superficial burns, regardless of the underlying cause. Reflectance-confocal microscopy (RCM) allows noninvasive imaging of the human skin on morphological features. We hypothesized that combustion and ambustion have different histomorphological effects on the human skin. METHODS Superficial burns caused by combustion (CO-group, five females, three males; aged 26.8 +/- 14.2 years) and caused by ambustion (AM-group, four females, four males; aged 28.1 +/- 13.8 years) were evaluated 24 h after injury. The following parameters were obtained using RCM on injured and noninjured (control) site: horny layer thickness, epidermal thickness, granular cell size, basal layer thickness. RESULTS Compared with the controls (12.8 +/- 2.5 microm), horny layer thickness decreased significantly to 10.6 +/- 2.1 microm in the CO-group, whereas it increased significantly to 17.8 +/- 2.8 microm in the AM-group. The epidermal thickness did not differ significantly in CO-group (47.9 +/- 2.1 microm) and AM-group (49.0 +/- 3.1 microm), however, both increased significantly compared with the controls (42.7 +/- 1.6 microm). The basal layer thickness increased more in AM-group (17.0 +/- 1.2 microm) compared to CO-group (15.4 +/- 1.1 microm). Both differed significantly compared with their controls (13.9 +/- 0.9 microm). The granular cell size increased significantly in both groups compared to the controls (721 +/- 42 microm), however, a significantly higher increase was observed in CO-group compared to AM-group (871 +/- 55 microm vs. 831 +/- 51 microm). CONCLUSIONS RCM evaluates significant histomorphological differences in superficial burns caused by combustion and ambustion. The term "superficial burn" should consider the underlying cause and thus supplemented by the term "combustion" or "ambustion."
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Ali Altintas
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Cologne-Merheim University of Witten-Herdecke, Cologne, Germany
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Muller FM, Dawe RS, Murdoch RD, McHugh SM, Marshall RP, Sousa A, Sanderson B, Ferguson J. Delayed ultraviolet erythema not suppressed by oral prednisolone: a randomized crossover study. PHOTODERMATOLOGY PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2009; 25:143-5. [PMID: 19438993 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0781.2009.00431.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The anti-inflammatory potency of topical dermatological corticosteroids in suppressing ultraviolet (UV) erythema is routinely measured. No such model exists to assess the potency of systemically administered steroids. OBJECTIVE To determine whether or not suppression of delayed UV erythema by a systemic corticosteroid could provide a useful model for assessing the anti-inflammatory potency of systemic corticosteroids. METHODS We conducted a randomized, placebo-controlled, patient and assessor blinded, crossover study of oral prednisolone effects on the delayed UV-induced erythemal response in normal subjects. Six healthy volunteers were phototested with a xenon arc monochromator and then dosed with 30 mg of oral prednisolone or matching placebo daily for 4 days. Repeat phototesting was performed on the 4th day of dosing. The minimal erythema dose (MED) was assessed immediately after test UV doses were administered and 24 h later. After a 2-week washout period, the dosing and testing were repeated in a crossover fashion. RESULTS A suppression index (SI) [1/(baseline MED value divided by on prednisolone/placebo value)] allowed comparison of the degree of suppression on and off prednisolone. Oral prednisolone did not significantly suppress the threshold UV erythema response (MED). We may have missed small effects in this study and possibly a larger dose or a longer duration of corticosteroid would have had an effect. Possibly, assessment of corticosteroid potency in suppressing established UV erythema rather than on the development of threshold erythema would have yielded different results. CONCLUSION The threshold UV erythema suppression model assessed in this study could not distinguish between oral prednisolone and placebo. This UV-erythema suppression test system is not promising as a model to test the anti-inflammatory potency of systemic steroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M Muller
- Photobiology Unit, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK.
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In Vivo Evaluation of Histomorphological Alterations in First-Degree Burn Injuries by means of Confocal-Laser-Scanning Microscopy—More Than “Virtual Histology?”. J Burn Care Res 2009; 30:315-20. [DOI: 10.1097/bcr.0b013e318198e746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Saadé NE, Farhat O, Rahal O, Safieh-Garabedian B, Le Bars D, Jabbur SJ. Ultra violet-induced localized inflammatory hyperalgesia in awake rats and the role of sensory and sympathetic innervation of the skin. Brain Behav Immun 2008; 22:245-56. [PMID: 17884331 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2007.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2007] [Revised: 08/03/2007] [Accepted: 08/09/2007] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to mid range ultrat violet radiations (UVBs) has been shown to produce systemic inflammation and hyperalgesia in mice [Saadé, N.E., Nasr, I.W., Massaad, C.A., Safieh-Garabedian, B., Jabbur, S.J., Kanaan, S.A., 2000. Modulation of ultraviolet-induced hyperalgesia and cytokine upregulation by interleukins 10 and 13. Br. J. Pharmacol. 131, 1317-1324]. Our aim was to characterize a new rat model of localized exposure to UVB and to determine the role of skin innervation in the observed hyperalgesia and cytokine upregulation. In several groups of rats one hindpaw was exposed to UVB (250-350 mJ/cm(2)) and this was followed by the application, to the plantar area of the paw, of either Von Frey hairs or a few acetone drops to measure tactile and cold allodynia, respectively. Thermal hyperalgesia was assessed by the paw withdrawal latency and duration. Cytokine levels were determined, by ELISA, in processed samples of skin tissue isolated from the exposed and non-exposed paws. UVB induced a biphasic thermal hyperalgesia and cold and tactile allodynia with an early phase that peaked at 3-6h and disappeared at 24h and a late phase with a peak at 48 h and recovery at 72-h post-exposure. Tumor necrosis factor, interleukins 1 beta, 6, 8, 10 and NGF levels were significantly increased following the same biphasic temporal pattern. Chemical ablation of capsaicin sensitive afferents and guanethidine injection produced significant alteration of the hyperalgesia and allodynia. The increase in cytokine levels by UVB was also altered by both treatments. The present study describes a new animal model for localized UVB-induced inflammatory hyperalgesia and provides evidence about the involvement of neurogenic mechanisms in the observed hyperalgesia and upregulation of proinflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayef E Saadé
- Department of Human Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Riad E1 Solh Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon.
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Metz M, Siebenhaar F, Maurer M. Mast cell functions in the innate skin immune system. Immunobiology 2007; 213:251-60. [PMID: 18406371 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2007.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2007] [Revised: 10/22/2007] [Accepted: 10/29/2007] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells are not only potent effector cells in allergy, but are also important players in protective immune responses against pathogens. Most of our knowledge about mast cells in innate immunity is derived from models of sepsis, whereas their role in innate immune responses of the skin has largely been neglected in the past. Their particular pattern of distribution in the skin and their ability to sense and react to pathogens and other danger signals indicate that mast cells can be important sentinels and effector cells in skin immune responses. The recent findings reviewed here have confirmed this hypothesis and have established a prominent role for skin mast cells in innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Metz
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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