Construct validity of retrospective perception of parental relating scales: EMBU and PBI

Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis of a Short-Form of the EMBU among Chinese Adolescents

The present study used a sample of Chinese adolescents and validated a short-form of the Egna Minnen Beträffande Uppfostran: One's Memories of Upbringing (s-EMBU) assessing perceived parental rearing styles. A Chinese revision of the s-EMBU by the authors was administered to a total of 779 high school students, ages 11 to 19 years. Exploratory factor analysis with half of the sample yielded a three-factor solution of Rejection, Emotional Warmth, and Overprotection, accounting for 47.1% of the total variance on the father form and 48.8% of the total variance on the mother form. Then, confirmatory factor analysis indicated a good fit of the three-factor model to the data in the other half of the sample. The three subscales consisted of 6, 6, and 7 items, respectively. Scores on these subscales had Cronbach alphas ranging from .71 to .81, indicating adequate internal consistency. These psychometric properties suggest its applicability for research with Chinese adolescents.

Der Elternbildfragebogen für Kinder- und Jugendliche (EBF-KJ)

Zusammenfassung. Der EBF-KJ ist ein klinisch ausgerichteter Fragebogen zur Erfassung der Repräsentation der Eltern-Kind-Beziehung aus der Sicht von Kindern und Jugendlichen. Er basiert auf der systemischen Familientheorie und der Familienstresstheorie. Der Fragebogen umfasst 36 Items pro Elternteil, die sich auf drei Ressourcenskalen (Kohäsion, Identifikation, Autonomie), fünf Risikoskalen (Konflikte, Ablehnung/Gleichgültigkeit, Bestrafung, emotionale Grenzüberschreitung, Ängste/Überprotektion) und die Zusatzskala Hilfe verteilen. Der vorliegende Beitrag begründet die inhaltliche Konstruktion und stellt wichtige psychometrische Eigenschaften des EBF-KJ vor. Insgesamt wurden 785 Schüler sowie 197 Patienten einer Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrischen Klinik im Alter von 10 bis 20 Jahren (M: 14,1) untersucht. Konfirmatorische Faktorenanalysen bestätigten die faktorielle Validität. Die interne Konsistenz lag bei 12 Skalen über .80. Weiterhin belegten systematische Korrelationen zwischen dem EBF-KJ und dem FEE ( Schumacher, Eisemann & Brähler, 2000 ) die konvergente und diskriminante Validität beider Verfahren. Alle Skalen des EBF-KJ wiesen signifikante Zusammenhänge mit psychopathologischen Symptomen in Eltern- und Jugendfragebögen auf.

Comparison of several shortened versions of the EMBU: Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses

The aim of the present study was to analyze the psychometric properties of different versions of the EMBU (Egna Minnen av Barndoms Uppfostran - My memories of upbringing) in a non-clinical sample of adolescents. The factor structure of the questionnaire was studied by means of more adequate exploratory and confirmatory factor procedures in order to ascertain which version achieves a better fit to data. The 64-item version of the EMBU was administered to a non-clinical sample of 832 adolescents. Exploratory and Confirmatory factor analyses were carried out for successive versions of 64, 37, 24 and 23 items. The theoretical four-factor structure of the 64-item version is not replicated in a factor analysis through principal axis extraction with direct oblimin rotation. The "Favoring Subject" factor was not found. 37 items present loadings equal to or larger than 0.30 for the "Rejection", "Emotional Warmth" and "Overprotection" factors. A re-analysis of these items shows a clear three-factor structure. When Arrindell et al.'s (1999) 23-item version was analysed, the three expected factors were also found. Confirmatory factor analyses allow us to reduce the 36-item version to a shorter one of 24 items. This last version achieves the best fit to data, including the 23-item version. The new 24-item version improves the construct validity of the EMBU and presents similar reliability coefficients.