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Making Brains run Faster: are they Becoming Smarter? SPANISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2016; 19:E88. [DOI: 10.1017/sjp.2016.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AbstractA brief overview of structural and functional brain characteristics related to g is presented in the light of major neurobiological theories of intelligence: Neural Efficiency, P-FIT and Multiple-Demand system. These theories provide a framework to discuss the main objective of the paper: what is the relationship between individual alpha frequency (IAF) and g? Three studies were conducted in order to investigate this relationship: two correlational studies and a third study in which we experimentally induced changes in IAF by means of transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS). (1) In a large scale study (n = 417), no significant correlations between IAF and IQ were observed. However, in males IAF positively correlated with mental rotation and shape manipulation and with an attentional focus on detail. (2) The second study showed sex-specific correlations between IAF (obtained during task performance) and scope of attention in males and between IAF and reaction time in females. (3) In the third study, individuals’ IAF was increased with tACS. The induced changes in IAF had a disrupting effect on male performance on Raven’s matrices, whereas a mild positive effect was observed for females. Neuro-electric activity after verum tACS showed increased desynchronization in the upper alpha band and dissociation between fronto-parietal and right temporal brain areas during performance on Raven’s matrices. The results are discussed in the light of gender differences in brain structure and activity.
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Zhang L, Gan JQ, Wang H. Localization of neural efficiency of the mathematically gifted brain through a feature subset selection method. Cogn Neurodyn 2015; 9:495-508. [PMID: 26379800 PMCID: PMC4568001 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-015-9345-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on the neural efficiency hypothesis and task-induced EEG gamma-band response (GBR), this study investigated the brain regions where neural resource could be most efficiently recruited by the math-gifted adolescents in response to varying cognitive demands. In this experiment, various GBR-based mental states were generated with three factors (level of mathematical ability, task complexity, and short-term learning) modulating the level of neural activation. A feature subset selection method based on the sequential forward floating search algorithm was used to identify an "optimal" combination of EEG channel locations, where the corresponding GBR feature subset could obtain the highest accuracy in discriminating pairwise mental states influenced by each experiment factor. The integrative results from multi-factor selections suggest that the right-lateral fronto-parietal system is highly involved in neural efficiency of the math-gifted brain, primarily including the bilateral superior frontal, right inferior frontal, right-lateral central and right temporal regions. By means of the localization method based on single-trial classification of mental states, new GBR features and EEG channel-based brain regions related to mathematical giftedness were identified, which could be useful for the brain function improvement of children/adolescents in mathematical learning through brain-computer interface systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- />Key Lab of Child Development and Learning Science of Ministry of Education, Research Center for Learning Science, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096 Jiangsu China
| | - John Q. Gan
- />Key Lab of Child Development and Learning Science of Ministry of Education, Research Center for Learning Science, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096 Jiangsu China
- />School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
| | - Haixian Wang
- />Key Lab of Child Development and Learning Science of Ministry of Education, Research Center for Learning Science, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096 Jiangsu China
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Dunst B, Benedek M, Jauk E, Bergner S, Koschutnig K, Sommer M, Ischebeck A, Spinath B, Arendasy M, Bühner M, Freudenthaler H, Neubauer AC. Neural efficiency as a function of task demands. INTELLIGENCE 2014; 42:22-30. [PMID: 24489416 PMCID: PMC3907682 DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2013.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The neural efficiency hypothesis describes the phenomenon that brighter individuals show lower brain activation than less bright individuals when working on the same cognitive tasks. The present study investigated whether the brain activation-intelligence relationship still applies when more versus less intelligent individuals perform tasks with a comparable person-specific task difficulty. In an fMRI-study, 58 persons with lower (n = 28) or respectively higher (n = 30) intelligence worked on simple and difficult inductive reasoning tasks having the same person-specific task difficulty. Consequently, less bright individuals received sample-based easy and medium tasks, whereas bright subjects received sample-based medium and difficult tasks. This design also allowed a comparison of lower versus higher intelligent individuals when working on the same tasks (i.e. sample-based medium task difficulty). In line with expectations, differences in task performance and in brain activation were only found for the subset of tasks with the same sample-based task difficulty, but not when comparing tasks with the same person-specific task difficulty. These results suggest that neural efficiency reflects an (ability-dependent) adaption of brain activation to the respective task demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beate Dunst
- Department of Psychology, University of Graz, Austria
| | | | - Emanuel Jauk
- Department of Psychology, University of Graz, Austria
| | - Sabine Bergner
- Department of Psychology, University of Graz, Austria
- Department of Leadership and Entrepreneurship, University of Graz, Austria
| | | | - Markus Sommer
- Department of Psychology, University of Graz, Austria
| | | | - Birgit Spinath
- Department of Psychology, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Markus Bühner
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany
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Graham S, Jiang J, Manning V, Nejad AB, Zhisheng K, Salleh SR, Golay X, Berne YI, McKenna PJ. IQ-related fMRI differences during cognitive set shifting. Cereb Cortex 2009; 20:641-9. [PMID: 19571268 PMCID: PMC2820702 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhp130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging study compared neural correlates of executive function (cognitive set-shifting) in 28 healthy participants with either high (HIQ) or average (AIQ) intelligence. Despite comparable behavioral performance (except for slower reactions), the AIQ participants showed greater (especially prefrontal) activation during response selection; the HIQ participants showed greater activation (especially parietal) during feedback evaluation. HIQ participants appeared to engage cognitive resources to support more efficient strategies (planning during feedback in preparation for the upcoming response) which resulted in faster responses and less need for response inhibition and conflict resolution. Whether greater intelligence is associated with more or less brain activity (the “neural efficiency” debate) depends therefore on the specific component of the task being examined as well as the brain region recruited. One implication is that caution must be exercised when drawing conclusions from differences in activation between groups of individuals in whom IQ may differ (e.g., psychiatric vs. control samples).
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Graham
- Functional Brain Imaging Lab, Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117570.
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Doppelmayr M, Sauseng P, Doppelmayr H. Modifications in the human EEG during extralong physical activity. NEUROPHYSIOLOGY+ 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s11062-007-0011-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Jin SH, Kwon YJ, Jeong JS, Kwon SW, Shin DH. Differences in brain information transmission between gifted and normal children during scientific hypothesis generation. Brain Cogn 2006; 62:191-7. [PMID: 16766109 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2006.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2004] [Revised: 04/12/2006] [Accepted: 05/03/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate differences in neural information transmission between gifted and normal children involved in scientific hypothesis generation. To investigate changes in the amount of information transmission, the children's averaged-cross mutual information (A-CMI) of EEGs was estimated during their generation of scientific hypotheses. We recorded EEG from 25 gifted and 25 age-matched normal children using 16 electrodes on each subject's scalp. To generate hypotheses, the children were asked to observe 20 "quail eggs" that gave rise to questions. After observation, they were asked to generate a scientific hypothesis--a tentative causal explanation for the questions evoked. The results of this study revealed several distinguishing brain activities between gifted and normal children during hypothesis generation. In contrast to normal children, gifted children showed increased A-CMI values between the left temporal and central, between the left temporal and parietal, and between the left central and parietal locations while generating a hypothesis. These results suggested that gifted children more efficiently distribute the cognitive resources essential to cope with hypothesis generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hyun Jin
- Bio-signal Research Laboratory, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Republic of Korea
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Grabner RH, Neubauer AC, Stern E. Superior performance and neural efficiency: the impact of intelligence and expertise. Brain Res Bull 2006; 69:422-39. [PMID: 16624674 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2006.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2006] [Revised: 02/07/2006] [Accepted: 02/13/2006] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Superior cognitive performance can be viewed from an intelligence perspective, emphasising general properties of the human information processing system (such as mental speed and working memory), and from an expertise perspective, highlighting the indispensable role of elaborated domain-specific knowledge and acquired skills. In exploring its neurophysiological basis, recent research has provided considerable evidence of the neural efficiency hypothesis of intelligence, indicating lower and more focussed brain activation in brighter individuals. The present EEG study investigates the impacts of intelligence and expertise on cognitive performance and the accompanying cortical activation patterns in the domain of tournament chess. Forty-seven tournament chess players of varying intelligence and expertise level worked on tasks drawing on mental speed, memory, and reasoning. Half of the tasks were representative for chess, while the other half was not. The cortical activation was quantified by means of event-related desynchronisation (ERD) in the upper alpha band. Independent effects of expertise and intelligence emerged at both, the performance and the neurophysiological level. Brighter participants performed better than less intelligent ones which was associated with more efficient brain functioning (lower ERD) across all tasks. Additionally, a high expertise level was beneficial for good task performance but exerted a topographically differentiated influence on the cortical activation patterns. The findings suggest that superior cognitive performance and the underlying cortical activation are not only a function of knowledge and domain-specific competences but also of the general efficiency of the information processing system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland H Grabner
- Department of Psychology, University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 2/III, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
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Neubauer AC, Fink A, Grabner RH. Sensitivity of alpha band ERD to individual differences in cognition. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2006; 159:167-78. [PMID: 17071230 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6123(06)59011-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
According to the neural efficiency hypothesis, brighter individuals might be characterized by lower and topographically more differentiated brain activation than less intelligent individuals, presumably reflecting a more specialized recruitment of task-related areas. The findings of several studies analyzing the event-related desynchronization (ERD) in the (upper) alpha frequency band have corroborated and elaborated the original neural efficiency hypothesis. In this chapter, we review classical and recent findings and argue in favor of a more differentiated picture of this phenomenon, emphasizing the role of participants' sex, task complexity, and material specificity, as well as the importance to select an adequate external criterion (intelligence measure). Also, recent ERD findings related to emotional intelligence and creativity as well as recent studies focusing on practice, learning ability, and expertise are presented, which point to the need of a broader neurophysiological ability concept. The reviewed findings point at the high suitability of the ERD method to uncover consistent and stable individual differences in people's brain activation patterns when engaged in performing cognitively demanding tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aljoscha C Neubauer
- Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 2/III, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
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Fink A. Event-related desynchronization in the EEG during emotional and cognitive information processing: differential effects of extraversion. Biol Psychol 2005; 70:152-60. [PMID: 16198045 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2005.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2004] [Accepted: 01/07/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to analyze the influence of the personality dimension extraversion/introversion (E) on the level and topographical distribution of event-related desynchronization (ERD) in the EEG whilst participants were engaged in emotional face and cognitive information processing. In this context we build up on former studies dealing with the role of E as a possible moderator variable in cortical activation patterns during performance of mental speed, reasoning and working memory tasks (i.e., cognitive information processing). In a sample of 33 introverts and 33 extraverts (31 were male, 35 female) we found extraverted individuals displaying a lower (left-hemispheric) cortical activation than introverts when their task was to judge the identity of two simultaneously presented facial emotions. This effect was only observed in the upper alpha frequency band ( approximately 9.6-11.6 Hz). In analyzing E differences during cognitive information processing (i.e., performance of a verbal and a figural-spatial task) E effects - which were moderated by participants' sex - were restricted to lower EEG (alpha) frequency ranges ( approximately 5.6-9.6 Hz). The results generally suggest that E is differently involved when different kinds of information are processed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Fink
- Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 2/III, Graz A-8010, Austria.
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Neubauer AC, Grabner RH, Fink A, Neuper C. Intelligence and neural efficiency: Further evidence of the influence of task content and sex on the brain–IQ relationship. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 25:217-25. [PMID: 16026971 DOI: 10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2005.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2004] [Revised: 05/20/2005] [Accepted: 05/20/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In the field of physiological study of human intelligence, strong evidence of a more efficient operation (i.e., less activation) of the brain in brighter individuals (the neural efficiency hypothesis) can be found. Most studies in this field have used single, homogeneous tasks and have not examined sex differences. In analyzing the extent of Event-related Desynchronization (ERD) in the EEG during the performance of a verbal and a visuo-spatial task, we recently found that males and females display neural efficiency primarily in the domain where they usually perform better (i.e., verbal in females and spatial in males; cf. A.C. Neubauer, A. Fink, D.G. Schrausser, Intelligence and neural efficiency: the influence of task content and sex on brain-IQ relationship. Intelligence, 30 (2002) 515-536). However, this interpretation was complicated by differences in the complexity of the two tasks. By using a verbal (semantic) and a spatial (rotation) task of comparable complexity in this research, we sought to replicate and extend our earlier findings by additionally considering the individual differences in intelligence structure and the topographical distribution over the cortex. Findings were similar to the previous study: Females (n = 35) display neural efficiency (i.e., less brain activation in brighter individuals) primarily during the verbal task, males (n = 31) in the spatial task. However, the strength of this brain activation-IQ relationship varies with the intelligence factor: In males, the highest correlations were observed for spatial IQ, in females for verbal IQ. Furthermore, the sexes displayed topographical differences of neural efficiency patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aljoscha C Neubauer
- Department of Psychology, University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 2/III A-8010 Graz, Austria.
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Neuper C, Grabner RH, Fink A, Neubauer AC. Long-term stability and consistency of EEG event-related (de-)synchronization across different cognitive tasks. Clin Neurophysiol 2005; 116:1681-94. [PMID: 15922658 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2005.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2004] [Revised: 03/04/2005] [Accepted: 03/25/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined whether task-related band power changes (event-related desynchronization/synchronization; ERD/ERS) that have been linked to individual differences in cognitive ability demonstrate satisfying temporal stability and cross-situational consistency. METHODS Multi-channel EEG recordings from 29 adults, assessed at three different occasions over 2 years were examined. Between-session correlations and consistency coefficients (Cronbach's alpha) across the three experiments were evaluated for both, spectral power features of the resting EEG and ERD/ERS estimates while the participants performed some cognitive task (i.e. different elementary cognitive tasks that put comparable demands on the participants). RESULTS ERD/ERS values, while subjects performed a cognitive task, demonstrated satisfactory stability and consistency (i.e. >0.7), whereby the degree of consistency varied as a function of frequency band and brain region. Highest consistency was found for the 8-10 Hz ERD in parieto-occipital recording sites (i.e. >0.9). In resting EEG, mean alpha (gravity) frequency was the most stable EEG feature. CONCLUSIONS The present data suggest that ERD/ERS phenomena in different narrow frequency bands are rather stable over time and across different situations. The relatively high reproducibility of ERD/ERS promotes the usefulness of this measure in assessing individual differences of physiological activation patterns accompanying cognitive performance. SIGNIFICANCE This study addresses the issue of reproducibility of EEG in general and ERD/ERS experiments in particular, which is a prerequisite for both basic research and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christa Neuper
- Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 2/III, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
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Doppelmayr M, Klimesch W, Hödlmoser K, Sauseng P, Gruber W. Intelligence related upper alpha desynchronization in a semantic memory task. Brain Res Bull 2005; 66:171-7. [PMID: 15982535 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2005.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2005] [Accepted: 04/20/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence shows that event-related (upper) alpha desynchronization (ERD) is related to cognitive performance. Several studies observed a positive, some a negative relationship. The latter finding, interpreted in terms of the neural efficiency hypothesis, suggests that good performance is associated with a more 'efficient', smaller extent of cortical activation. Other studies found that ERD increases with semantic processing demands and that this increase is larger for good performers. Studies supporting the neural efficiency hypothesis used tasks that do not specifically require semantic processing. Thus, we assume that the lack of semantic processing demands may at least in part be responsible for the reduced ERD. In the present study we measured ERD during a difficult verbal-semantic task. The findings demonstrate that during semantic processing, more intelligent (as compared to less intelligent) subjects exhibited a significantly larger upper alpha ERD over the left hemisphere. We conclude that more intelligent subjects exhibit a more extensive activation in a semantic processing system and suggest that divergent findings regarding the neural efficiency hypotheses are due to task specific differences in semantic processing demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Doppelmayr
- Department of Physiological Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstr. 34, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria.
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Doppelmayr M, Klimesch W, Sauseng P, Hödlmoser K, Stadler W, Hanslmayr S. Intelligence related differences in EEG-bandpower. Neurosci Lett 2005; 381:309-13. [PMID: 15896490 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2005.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2004] [Revised: 02/14/2005] [Accepted: 02/15/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Several studies on the relationship between event-related desynchronization/synchronization (ERD/ERS) and cognitive performance revealed contradictory results particularly for the alpha band. Studies from our laboratory have shown that good performers show a larger upper alpha ERD (interpreted in terms of larger cortical activation) than bad performers. In contrast, other researchers found evidence for the neural efficiency hypothesis, which states that more intelligent subjects exhibit a smaller extent of cortical activation, which is assumed to be reflected by a smaller upper alpha ERD. Here we address the question whether these divergent results may be due to differences in general task difficulty. Using a modified version of the RAVEN, individually divided into easy and difficult tasks, a group of average and a group of highly intelligent subjects (IQ- and IQ+) have been investigated. While in the theta frequency IQ+ subjects generally exhibited a significantly stronger activation, we found a significant interaction of task difficulty and IQ group in the upper alpha band, indicating both, a weaker activation for the high IQ group during the easy tasks, and a significant increase from easy to difficult tasks for IQ+ only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Doppelmayr
- Department of Physiological Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstr. 34, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria.
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Fink A, Grabner RH, Neuper C, Neubauer AC. Extraversion and cortical activation during memory performance. Int J Psychophysiol 2005; 56:129-41. [PMID: 15804448 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2004.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2004] [Revised: 11/09/2004] [Accepted: 11/16/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study we analyzed the influence of the personality dimension extraversion-introversion (E) on the level and topographical distribution of cortical activation. In 62 participants (32 introverts and 30 extraverts), we measured the extent of Event-Related Desynchronization (ERD) in the EEG during performance of a short-term memory (i.e., temporary maintenance of information) and a more complex working memory task (i.e., temporary maintenance and active manipulation of information). The results indicate that during performance of both tasks, introverts display a larger amount of ERD than extraverted individuals. Moreover, the present E effects largely match previous studies as to the restriction of these effects to lower EEG frequency ranges (approx. 4-8 Hz). Topographical analyses show that the E effects are primarily present over (right-hemispheric) frontal and parietal regions of the cerebral cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Fink
- Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 2/III, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
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Jausovec N, Jausovec K. Differences in induced gamma and upper alpha oscillations in the human brain related to verbal/performance and emotional intelligence. Int J Psychophysiol 2005; 56:223-35. [PMID: 15866326 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2004.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2004] [Revised: 09/12/2004] [Accepted: 12/09/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Participating in the study were 30 respondents, who could be clustered as high-average verbal/performance intelligent (HIQ/AIQ), or emotionally intelligent (HEIQ/AEIQ). The EEG was recorded while students were performing two tasks: the Raven's advanced progressive matrices (RAPM), and identifying emotions in pictures (IDEM). Significant differences in event-related desynchronization/synchronization (ERD/ERS) related to verbal/performance intelligence were only observed while respondents solved the RAPM. The HIQ and AIQ groups displayed temporal and spatial differently induced gamma band activity. Significant differences in ERD/ERS related to emotional intelligence were only observed for the IDEM task. HEIQ individuals displayed more gamma band ERS and less upper alpha band ERD than did AEIQ individuals. It can be concluded that HIQ and HEIQ individuals employed more adequate strategies for solving the problems at hand. The results further suggest that emotional intelligence and verbal/performance intelligence represent distinct components of the cognitive architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Jausovec
- Univerza v Mariboru, Pedagoska fakulteta, Koroska 160, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
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Jausovec N, Jausovec K. Differences in induced brain activity during the performance of learning and working-memory tasks related to intelligence. Brain Cogn 2004; 54:65-74. [PMID: 14733902 DOI: 10.1016/s0278-2626(03)00263-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Thirteen high intelligent (H-IQ) and 13 low intelligent (L-IQ) individuals solved two figural working-memory (WM) tasks and two figural learning tasks while their EEG was recorded. For the WM tasks, only in the theta band group related differences in induced event-related desynchronization/synchronization (ERD/ERS) were observed. L-IQ individuals displayed greater theta synchronization in the later phases of task completion (1000-2000 ms) as compared to H-IQ individuals. For the learning tasks group related differences in the three alpha bands were observed. In the upper alpha band L-IQ individuals showed greater ERD in the frontal brain areas, whereas H-IQ individuals displayed greater ERD in the parieto-occipital brain areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Jausovec
- Univerza v Mariboru, Pedagoska fakulteta, Koroska 160, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
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