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Tiwari R, Singh RD, Singh S, Singh D, Srivastav AK, Kumar M, Srivastava V. Gestational exposure to silver nanoparticles enhances immune adaptation and protection against streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in mice offspring. Nanotoxicology 2022; 16:450-471. [PMID: 35939402 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2022.2098863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) possess unique antimicrobial properties. As a result, they are being increasingly used in a wide range of applications. Several studies have shown detrimental effects of AgNPs exposure, including inflammation, accumulation, and cellular damage to different organs. However, the effect of AgNPs exposure during gestation, a critical and susceptible period of human development, on pregnant females and its long-term effects on offspring's health has not been studied. Therefore, we conducted a long-term study where we assessed the effect of gestational AgNPs exposure on pregnant mice and followed their offspring until the age of 12 months. Gestational exposure to AgNPs induced systemic inflammation in the pregnant mice at gestational day (GD) 18. Interestingly, developing fetuses exposed to AgNPs, showed anti-inflammatory conditions as indicated by reduced expression of inflammatory genes in fetal organs at GD 18 and reduced serum levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-17A, IL-6, and MCP-1 in AgNPs exposed pups at postnatal day (PD) 2. Surprisingly, post-weaning, AgNPs exposed offspring showed a heightened immune activation as shown by upregulation of inflammatory cytokines at PD 28, which persisted till late in life. Moreover, we observed metabolic alterations which persisted until adulthood in mice. To understand the impact of long-term immunometabolic changes on the progression of diabetes and kidney diseases under stressed conditions, we exposed offspring to streptozotocin which revealed a protective role of low-dose gestational AgNPs exposure against streptozotocin-induced diabetes and associated nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratnakar Tiwari
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology & Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India.,Department of Biochemistry, School of Dental Sciences, Babu Banarasi Das University, Lucknow, India.,Division of Nephrology and Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Radha Dutt Singh
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology & Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Sukhveer Singh
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology & Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Diksha Singh
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology & Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India
| | - Anurag Kumar Srivastav
- Animal House Facility, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India
| | - Mahadeo Kumar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.,Animal House Facility, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India
| | - Vikas Srivastava
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology & Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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Soprano LL, Ferrero MR, Landoni M, García GA, Esteva MI, Couto AS, Duschak VG. Cruzipain Sulfotopes-Specific Antibodies Generate Cardiac Tissue Abnormalities and Favor Trypanosoma cruzi Infection in the BALB/c Mice Model of Experimental Chagas Disease. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 11:814276. [PMID: 35059328 PMCID: PMC8763857 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.814276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi cruzipain (Cz) bears a C-terminal domain (C-T) that contains sulfated epitopes “sulfotopes” (GlcNAc6S) on its unique N-glycosylation site. The effects of in vivo exposure to GlcNAc6S on heart tissue ultrastructure, immune responses, and along the outcome of infection by T. cruzi, were evaluated in a murine experimental model, BALB/c, using three independent strategies. First, mice were pre-exposed to C-T by immunization. C-T-immunized mice (C-TIM) showed IgG2a/IgG1 <1, induced the production of cytokines from Th2, Th17, and Th1 profiles with respect to those of dC-TIM, which only induced IL-10 respect to the control mice. Surprisingly, after sublethal challenge, both C-TIM and dC-TIM showed significantly higher parasitemia and mortality than the control group. Second, mice exposed to BSA-GlcNAc6S as immunogen (BSA-GlcNAc6SIM) showed: severe ultrastructural cardiac alterations while BSA-GlcNAcIM conserved the regular tissue architecture with slight myofibril changes; a strong highly specific humoral-immune-response reproducing the IgG-isotype-profile obtained with C-TIM; and a significant memory-T-cell-response demonstrating sulfotope-immunodominance with respect to BSA-GlcNAcIM. After sublethal challenge, BSA-GlcNAc6SIM showed exacerbated parasitemias, despite elevated IFN-γ levels were registered. In both cases, the abrogation of ultrastructural alterations when using desulfated immunogens supported the direct involvement of sulfotopes and/or indirect effect through their specific antibodies, in the induction of tissue damage. Finally, a third strategy using a passive transference of sulfotope-specific antibodies (IgG-GlcNAc6S) showed the detrimental activity of IgG-GlcNAc6S on mice cardiac tissue, and mice treated with IgG-GlcNAc6S after a sublethal dose of T. cruzi, surprisingly reached higher parasitemias than control groups. These findings confirmed the indirect role of the sulfotopes, via their IgG-GlcNAc6S, both in the immunopathogenicity as well as favoring T. cruzi infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana L Soprano
- Area of Biochemistry of Proteins and Glycobiology of Parasites, Research Department, National Institute of Parasitology "Dr. Mario Fatala Chaben", ANLIS-Malbrán, Health Department, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (CABA, 1063), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maximiliano R Ferrero
- Area of Biochemistry of Proteins and Glycobiology of Parasites, Research Department, National Institute of Parasitology "Dr. Mario Fatala Chaben", ANLIS-Malbrán, Health Department, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (CABA, 1063), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Malena Landoni
- Organic Chemistry Department, Natural and Exact Sciences Faculty; Research Center in Carbohydrates (CIHIDECAR), University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela A García
- Area of Biochemistry of Proteins and Glycobiology of Parasites, Research Department, National Institute of Parasitology "Dr. Mario Fatala Chaben", ANLIS-Malbrán, Health Department, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (CABA, 1063), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mónica I Esteva
- Area of Biochemistry of Proteins and Glycobiology of Parasites, Research Department, National Institute of Parasitology "Dr. Mario Fatala Chaben", ANLIS-Malbrán, Health Department, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (CABA, 1063), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alicia S Couto
- Organic Chemistry Department, Natural and Exact Sciences Faculty; Research Center in Carbohydrates (CIHIDECAR), University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Vilma G Duschak
- Area of Biochemistry of Proteins and Glycobiology of Parasites, Research Department, National Institute of Parasitology "Dr. Mario Fatala Chaben", ANLIS-Malbrán, Health Department, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (CABA, 1063), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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3
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Carlier Y, Truyens C, Muraille E. Is Antibody-Dependent Enhancement of Trypanosoma cruzi Infection Contributing to Congenital/Neonatal Chagas Disease? Front Immunol 2021; 12:723516. [PMID: 34566981 PMCID: PMC8461104 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.723516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The newborns of women infected with the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi (the agent of Chagas disease) can be infected either before birth (congenitally), or after birth (as e.g., by vector route). Congenital Chagas disease can induce high levels of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Parasite-infected pregnant women transmit antibodies to their fetus. Antibodies, by opsonizing parasites, can promote phagocytosis and killing of T. cruzi by cells expressing FcγR, on the mandatory condition that such cells are sufficiently activated in an inflammatory context. Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) is a mechanism well described in viral infections, by which antibodies enhance entry of infectious agents into host cells by exploiting the phagocytic FcγR pathway. Previously reported Chagas disease studies highlighted a severe reduction of the maternal-fetal/neonatal inflammatory context in parasite-transmitting pregnant women and their congenitally infected newborns. Otherwise, experimental observations brought to light ADE of T. cruzi infection (involving FcγR) in mouse pups displaying maternally transferred antibodies, out of an inflammatory context. Herein, based on such data, we discuss the previously unconsidered possibility of a role of ADE in the trans-placental parasite transmission, and/or the development of severe and mortal clinical forms of congenital/neonatal Chagas disease in newborns of T. cruzi-infected mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Carlier
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Bruxelles, Belgium.,Department of Tropical Medicine, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Carine Truyens
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Eric Muraille
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Bruxelles, Belgium
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Villanueva-Lizama LE, Cruz-Chan JV, Versteeg L, Teh-Poot CF, Hoffman K, Kendricks A, Keegan B, Pollet J, Gusovsky F, Hotez PJ, Bottazzi ME, Jones KM. TLR4 agonist protects against Trypanosoma cruzi acute lethal infection by decreasing cardiac parasite burdens. Parasite Immunol 2020; 42:e12769. [PMID: 32592180 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
E6020 is a synthetic agonist of Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of different doses of E6020-SE on Trypanosoma cruzi-specific immune responses and its ability to confer protection against acute lethal infection in mice. Forty female BALB/c were infected with 500 trypomastigotes of T cruzi H1 strain, divided into four groups (n = 10) and treated at 7- and 14-day post-infection (dpi) with different doses of E6020-SE or PBS (control). Survival was followed for 51 days, mice were euthanized and hearts were collected to evaluate parasite burden, inflammation and fibrosis. We found significantly higher survival and lower parasite burdens in mice injected with E6020-SE at all doses compared to the control group. However, E6020-SE treatment did not significantly reduce cardiac inflammation or fibrosis. On the other hand, E6020-SE modulated Th1 and Th2 cytokines, decreasing IFN-γ and IL-4 in a dose-dependent manner after stimulation with parasite antigens. We conclude that E6020-SE alone increased survival by decreasing cardiac parasite burdens in BALB/c mice acutely infected with T cruzi but failed to prevent cardiac damage. Our results suggest that for optimal protection, a vaccine antigen is necessary to balance and orient a protective immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana E Villanueva-Lizama
- Department of Pediatrics and National School of Tropical Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Laboratorio de Parasitología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales Dr. Hideyo Noguchi, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, México
| | - Julio V Cruz-Chan
- Department of Pediatrics and National School of Tropical Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Laboratorio de Parasitología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales Dr. Hideyo Noguchi, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, México
| | - Leroy Versteeg
- Department of Pediatrics and National School of Tropical Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Christian F Teh-Poot
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales Dr. Hideyo Noguchi, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, México
| | - Kristyn Hoffman
- Department of Pediatrics and National School of Tropical Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - April Kendricks
- Department of Pediatrics and National School of Tropical Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brian Keegan
- Department of Pediatrics and National School of Tropical Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jeroen Pollet
- Department of Pediatrics and National School of Tropical Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Peter J Hotez
- Department of Pediatrics and National School of Tropical Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA.,James A. Baker III Institute for Public Policy, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.,Hagler Institute for Advanced Study at Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Maria Elena Bottazzi
- Department of Pediatrics and National School of Tropical Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Kathryn M Jones
- Department of Pediatrics and National School of Tropical Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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Carlier Y, Truyens C. Congenital Chagas disease as an ecological model of interactions between Trypanosoma cruzi parasites, pregnant women, placenta and fetuses. Acta Trop 2015; 151:103-15. [PMID: 26293886 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2015.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to discuss the main ecological interactions between the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi and its hosts, the mother and the fetus, leading to the transmission and development of congenital Chagas disease. One or several infecting strains of T. cruzi (with specific features) interact with: (i) the immune system of a pregnant woman whom responses depend on genetic and environmental factors, (ii) the placenta harboring its own defenses, and, finally, (iii) the fetal immune system displaying responses also susceptible to be modulated by maternal and environmental factors, as well as his own genetic background which is different from her mother. The severity of congenital Chagas disease depends on the magnitude of such final responses. The paper is mainly based on human data, but integrates also complementary observations obtained in experimental infections. It also focuses on important gaps in our knowledge of this congenital infection, such as the role of parasite diversity vs host genetic factors, as well as that of the maternal and placental microbiomes and the microbiome acquisition by infant in the control of infection. Investigations on these topics are needed in order to improve the programs aiming to diagnose, manage and control congenital Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Carlier
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), CP 616, Route de Lennik 808, 1070 Bruxelles, Belgium; Department of Tropical Medicine, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, Suite 2210, 1440 Canal Street, New Orleans, LA 70112-2797, USA.
| | - Carine Truyens
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), CP 616, Route de Lennik 808, 1070 Bruxelles, Belgium.
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Acosta DM, Soprano LL, Ferrero MR, Esteva MI, Riarte A, Couto AS, Duschak VG. Structural and immunological characterization of sulphatides: relevance of sulphate moieties in Trypanosoma cruzi glycoconjugates. Parasite Immunol 2013; 34:499-510. [PMID: 22738032 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3024.2012.01378.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Sulphoglycosphingolipids, present on the surface of diverse cells, participate in the regulation of various cellular events. However, little is known about the structure and the role of sulphoglycosphingolipids in trypanosomatids. Herein, sulphated dihexosylceramide structures - composed mainly of sphingosine as the long chain base acylated with stearic acid - have been determined for the first time in Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes by UV-MALDI-TOF-MS analysis. Interestingly, inhibition ELISA assays using cruzipain as antigen and polyclonal rabbit antibodies specific for cruzipain, the major cysteine proteinase of T. cruzi, or for its C-terminal domain, have demonstrated (i) that sulphate epitopes are shared between cruzipain and sulphatides of T. cruzi, (ii) that cross-reactivity maps to the C-terminal domain and (iii) the existence of other antigenic determinants in the glycolipidic structures. These features provide evidence that sulphate groups are antigenic in sulphate-containing parasite glycoconjugates. Furthermore, IgG2 antibody levels inversely correlate with disease severity in chronic Chagas disease patients, suggesting that IgG2 antibodies specific for sulphated epitopes might be associated with protective immunity and might be considered as potential surrogates of the course of chronic Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Acosta
- Instituto Nacional de Parasitología Dr Mario Fatala Chaben, ANLIS-Malbrán, Ministerio de Salud de la Nación, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Abstract
The acute phase of Chagas disease lasts 4-8 weeks and is characterized by microscopically detectable parasitaemia. Symptoms are usually mild with severe acute disease occurring in less than 1% of patients. Orally transmitted Trypanosoma cruzi outbreaks can have more severe acute morbidity and higher mortality than vector-borne infection. Congenital T. cruzi infection occurs in 1-10% of infants of infected mothers. Most congenital infections are asymptomatic or cause non-specific signs, requiring laboratory screening for detection. A small proportion of congenital infections cause severe morbidity with hepatosplenomegaly, anaemia, meningoencephalitis and/or respiratory insufficiency, with an associated high mortality. Infected infants are presumed to carry the same 20-30% lifetime risk of cardiac or gastrointestinal disease as other infected individuals. Most control programs in Latin America employ prenatal serological screening followed by microscopic examination of cord blood from infants of seropositive mothers. Recent data confirm that polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is more sensitive and detects congenital infections earlier than conventional techniques. For infants not diagnosed at birth, conventional serology is recommended at at 6 to 9 months of age. In programs that have been evaluated, less than 20% of at risk infants completed all steps of the screening algorithm. A sensitive, specific and practical screening test for newborns is needed to enable Chagas disease to be added to newborn screening programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caryn Bern
- Parasitic Diseases Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Pérez AR, Bertoya AA, Revelli S, García F. A high corticosterone/DHEA-s ratio in young rats infected with Trypanosoma cruzi is associated with increased susceptibility. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2011; 106:416-23. [DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762011000400006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2010] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rosa Pérez
- Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina
| | | | | | - Fabiana García
- Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina
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Snel J, Born L, van der Meer R. Dietary fish oil impairs induction of gamma-interferon and delayed-type hypersensitivity during a systemic Salmonella enteritidis infection in rats. APMIS 2010; 118:578-84. [PMID: 20666739 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2010.02630.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Fish oil that is rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids markedly modulates immunological responses. Literature data indicate that the fish oil reduces cellular immunity and therefore impairs resistance to infections. We have investigated how dietary fish oil affects the immune response against a facultative intracellular pathogen, Salmonella enteritidis. Wistar rats were fed a diet containing 16% (w/w) of either fish oil or corn oil. After a 4-week adaptation period, rats were intraperitoneally challenged with 4 x 10(5) cfu of S. enteritidis. During the 14-day infection period, urine was collected on a daily basis. At days 2 and 14, eight rats per group were sacrificed. Urinary nitrate, used as a marker for NO production, was lower on a fish oil diet during days 3-8. At day 2, serum gamma-interferon was 48 +/- 7 pg/mL in the fish oil-fed rats compared with 162 +/- 52 pg/mL in the corn oil-fed rats. No effects were found on living salmonella in liver and spleen. At day 14, as markers of an impaired T-helper 1 (Th-1) response, a 38% lower delayed-type hypersensitivity responses and a lower salmonella-specific IgG2b were observed in the fish oil-fed rats. Although here dietary fish oil has affected only immune parameters, this impairment of the innate and Th-1-mediated immune response may have implications for the host resistance against other intracellular pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Snel
- NIZO Food Research, Division of Health & Safety, Ede, The Netherlands.
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Cuna WR, Choque AGH, Passera R, Rodriguez C. Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Production in Chagasic Mothers and Their Uninfected Newborns. J Parasitol 2009; 95:891-4. [DOI: 10.1645/ge-1927.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2008] [Accepted: 01/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Profound and paradoxical impact on arthritis and autoimmunity of the rat antigen-presenting lectin-like receptor complex. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 58:1343-53. [DOI: 10.1002/art.23434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Mjihdi A, Truyens C, Detournay O, Carlier Y. Systemic and placental productions of tumor necrosis factor contribute to induce fetal mortality in mice acutely infected with Trypanosoma cruzi. Exp Parasitol 2004; 107:58-64. [PMID: 15208038 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2004.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2003] [Revised: 03/01/2004] [Accepted: 03/30/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Blood levels and placental productions of IFN-gamma and TNF, known to be harmful for pregnancy, were determined in pregnant mice acutely infected with Trypanosoma cruzi and suffering massive fetal losses without congenital infection. INF-gamma was detected mainly at day 9 and TNF at days 17 and 19 of pregnancy in plasma of infected mice. TNF levels were significantly correlated to the percentages of dead fetuses. Placental cells produced TNF but not IFN-gamma, and addition of T. cruzi lysate to such cells strongly stimulated TNF production. Treatment of infected mice with pentoxifylline, known to decrease IFN-gamma production and to inhibit the TNF-alpha gene transcription, reduced the placental production of TNF, and the fetal mortality in comparison to control animals. Altogether these result suggest that TNF produced at systemic and placental levels plays a role in the fetal mortality induced in mice acutely infected with T. cruzi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelkarim Mjihdi
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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