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Sysoev Y, Bazhenova E, Shkorbatova P, Kovalev G, Labetov I, Merkulyeva N, Shkarupa D, Musienko P. Functional mapping of the lower urinary tract by epidural electrical stimulation of the spinal cord in decerebrated cat model. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9654. [PMID: 38670988 PMCID: PMC11053135 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54209-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Several neurologic diseases including spinal cord injury, Parkinson's disease or multiple sclerosis are accompanied by disturbances of the lower urinary tract functions. Clinical data indicates that chronic spinal cord stimulation can improve not only motor function but also ability to store urine and control micturition. Decoding the spinal mechanisms that regulate the functioning of detrusor (Detr) and external urethral sphincter (EUS) muscles is essential for effective neuromodulation therapy in patients with disturbances of micturition. In the present work we performed a mapping of Detr and EUS activity by applying epidural electrical stimulation (EES) at different levels of the spinal cord in decerebrated cat model. The study was performed in 5 adult male cats, evoked potentials were generated by EES aiming to recruit various spinal pathways responsible for LUT and hindlimbs control. Recruitment of Detr occurred mainly with stimulation of the lower thoracic and upper lumbar spinal cord (T13-L1 spinal segments). Responses in the EUS, in general, occurred with stimulation of all the studied sites of the spinal cord, however, a pronounced specificity was noted for the lower lumbar/upper sacral sections (L7-S1 spinal segments). These features were confirmed by comparing the normalized values of the slope angles used to approximate the recruitment curve data by the linear regression method. Thus, these findings are in accordance with our previous data obtained in rats and could be used for development of novel site-specific neuromodulation therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriy Sysoev
- Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Saint-Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Neuroscience, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sirius, Russia, 354340
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Saint-Petersburg State Chemical Pharmaceutical University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elena Bazhenova
- Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Saint-Petersburg, Russia
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Polina Shkorbatova
- Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Saint-Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Neuroscience, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sirius, Russia, 354340
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Gleb Kovalev
- Saint-Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ivan Labetov
- Saint-Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Natalia Merkulyeva
- Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Dmitry Shkarupa
- Saint-Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Pavel Musienko
- Department of Neuroscience, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sirius, Russia, 354340.
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.
- Life Improvement by Future Technologies Center "LIFT", Moscow, Russia, 143025.
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", Moscow, Russia, 119049.
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Skonieczna J, Madej JP, Kaczmarek-Pawelska A, Będziński R. Histological and morphometric evaluation of the urethra and penis in male New Zealand White rabbits. Anat Histol Embryol 2020; 50:136-143. [PMID: 32869908 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This stereudy aimed at performing a histological and morphometric evaluation of the urethra and penis of male rabbits. Seven male New Zealand White rabbits weighing 2.1-3 kg were used in the study. The whole urethra, from the urinary bladder to the external urethral orifice, was dissected from the rabbits, and the tissue was sliced into sections at an interval of 2 mm. The sections were stained with haematoxylin-eosin, Masson-Goldner trichrome stain, Van Gieson's stain and Movat-Russell modified pentachrome stain. A detailed evaluation of the morphology and morphometry was performed. The parameters assessed were the type and height of epithelium, thickness and composition of connective tissue, and thickness and structure of muscularis. The histological structure of the rabbit urethra was found to be similar to humans. However, although the rabbits were found to have the same type of penis as the humans, the internal structure of the corpora cavernosa, the relative thickness of the tunica albuginea and the rudimentary glands of the penis were found to differ in these animals. The results of the present study may be useful in the designing of implants, drug testing or surgical procedures on the physiological and pathological urethra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Skonieczna
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jan P Madej
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kaczmarek-Pawelska
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Zielona Góra, Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Romuald Będziński
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Zielona Góra, Zielona Góra, Poland
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Nye AK, Luther JK. Feline Perineal Urethrostomy: A Review of Past and Present Literature. Top Companion Anim Med 2018; 33:77-82. [DOI: 10.1053/j.tcam.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Guan NN, Svennersten K, de Verdier PJ, Wiklund NP, Gustafsson LE. Prostaglandin D 2 effects and DP 1 /DP 2 receptor distribution in guinea pig urinary bladder out-flow region. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 21:234-243. [PMID: 27664012 PMCID: PMC5264142 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The proximal urethra and urinary bladder trigone play important roles in continence. We have previously shown that PGD2 is released from guinea pig bladder urothelium/suburothelium and can inhibit detrusor contractile responses. We presently wished to investigate PGD2 actions in guinea pig out‐flow region and the distribution of DP1/DP2 receptors. The effects of PGD2 on urothelium‐intact trigone and proximal urethra contractility were studied in organ bath experiments. Expression of DP1/DP2 receptor proteins was analysed by western blot. Immunohistochemistry was used to identify distribution of DP1/DP2 receptors. PGD2 in a dose‐dependent manner inhibited trigone contractions induced by electrical field stimulation (EFS) and inhibited spontaneous contractions of the proximal urethra. PGD2 was equally (trigone) or slightly less potent (urethra) compared with PGE2. Expression of DP1 and DP2 receptors was found in male guinea pig bladder trigone, neck and proximal urethra. In the trigone and proximal urethra, DP1 receptors were found on the membrane of smooth muscle cells and weak immunoreactivty was observed in the urothelium. DP2 receptors were distributed more widespread, weakly and evenly in the urothelium and smooth muscles. Inhibitory effects by PGD2 on motor activity of guinea pig trigone and proximal urethra are consistent with finding DP1 and DP2 receptors located in the urothelium and smooth muscle cells of the trigone and proximal urethra, and PGD2 may therefore be a modulator of the bladder out‐flow region, possibly having a function in regulation of micturition and a role in overactive bladder syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na N Guan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karl Svennersten
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Petra J de Verdier
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - N Peter Wiklund
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars E Gustafsson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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McMurray G, Casey JH, Naylor AM. Animal models in urological disease and sexual dysfunction. Br J Pharmacol 2006; 147 Suppl 2:S62-79. [PMID: 16465185 PMCID: PMC1751496 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0706630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
There are several conditions associated with dysfunction of the lower urinary tract or which result in a reduction in the ability to engage in satisfactory sexual function and result in significant bother to sufferers, partners and/or carers. This review describes some of the animal models that may be used to discover safe and effective medicines with which to treat them. While alpha adrenoceptor antagonists and 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors deliver improvement in symptom relief in benign prostatic hyperplasia sufferers, the availability of efficacious and well-tolerated medicines to treat incontinence is less well served. Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) has no approved medical therapy in the United States and overactive bladder (OAB) therapy is limited to treatment with muscarinic antagonists (anti-muscarinics). SUI and OAB are characterised by high prevalence, a growing ageing population and a strong desire from sufferers and physicians for more effective treatment options. High patient numbers with low presentation rates characterizes sexual dysfunction in men and women. The introduction of Viagra in 1998 for treating male erectile dysfunction and the success of the phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor class (PDE5 inhibitor) have indicated the willingness of sufferers to seek treatment when an effective alternative to injections and devices is available. The main value of preclinical models in discovering new medicines is to predict clinical outcomes. This translation can be established relatively easily in areas of medicine where there are a large number of drugs with different underlying pharmacological mechanisms in clinical usage. However, apart from, for example, the use of PDE5 inhibitors to treat male erectile dysfunction and the use of anti-muscarinics to treat OAB, this clinical information is limited. Therefore, current confidence in existing preclinical models is based on our understanding of the biochemical, physiological, pathophysiological and psychological mechanisms underlying the conditions in humans and how they are reflected in preclinical models. Confidence in both the models used and the pharmacological data generated is reinforced if different models of related aspects of the same disorder generate confirmatory data. However, these models will only be fully validated in retrospect once the pharmacological agents they have helped identify are tested in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon McMurray
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Sandwich Laboratories, Ramsgate Road, Kent CT13 9NJ
| | - James H Casey
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Sandwich Laboratories, Ramsgate Road, Kent CT13 9NJ
| | - Alasdair M Naylor
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Sandwich Laboratories, Ramsgate Road, Kent CT13 9NJ
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WANG BAOQING, BHADRA NARENDRA, GRILL WARRENM. FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY OF THE MALE FELINE URETHRA: MORPHOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL CORRELATIONS. J Urol 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(01)61989-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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