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Jung JW, Castejón-González AC, Stefanovski D, Reiter AM. Etiology, clinical presentation, and outcome of temporomandibular joint luxation in cats: 21 cases (2000-2018). Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1274193. [PMID: 38026672 PMCID: PMC10655099 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1274193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was performed to report etiology, clinical presentation, treatment, and outcome of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) luxation in 21 cats (2000-2018). TMJ luxation was diagnosed by either dental radiography or computed tomography (CT). Causes for TMJ luxation included altercation with a dog (38%), hit-by-car (19%), unknown (19%), fall (19%), and ran into inanimate object (5%). The most common complication was development of permanent malocclusion (24%), followed by reduced vertical mandibular range of motion (5%). Reduction of TMJ luxation was successful in 94.7% of the cases. Reduction of the TMJ luxation was significantly associated with time from injury to treatment. No other significant associations were observed between cause of injury, type of TMJ stabilization, and outcome. TMJ luxation in cats carries an excellent prognosis with early joint reduction and supportive care. Concurrent dental trauma and maxillofacial injuries are common, and all patients with head trauma must be stabilized and evaluated with a thorough examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin W. Jung
- Tribeca Veterinary Dentistry and Oral Surgery, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ana C. Castejón-González
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Darko Stefanovski
- Department of Clinical Studies-New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Alexander M. Reiter
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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O'Keeffe T, Donaldson RE. Mechanical ventilation in dogs and cats with tick paralysis. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1071191. [PMID: 37089405 PMCID: PMC10117792 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1071191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory failure from tick paralysis (TP) is an important cause of mortality in cats and dogs in Australia, occurring from a combination of respiratory muscle paralysis, upper respiratory tract obstruction and pulmonary disease. Patients may require positive-pressure ventilation in management of any combination of hypoxemia, hypoventilation or respiratory fatigue, but may also require airway management due to laryngeal paralysis. No single ventilation strategy is recommended due to the heterogenous disease presentations. Lung protective ventilation should be used in patients with pulmonary disease. Due to local and systemic effects of TP, patients are at higher risk of complications such as aspiration pneumonia and corneal ulceration and may have additional intravenous fluid and nutritional considerations. Treatment with hyperimmune serum is associated with improved outcomes. Prognosis is considered good with documented survival to discharge (STD) of 52.6-77% for animals with TP ventilated with lung disease and 90.5% for animals without lung disease. Median reported duration of ventilation for TP ranges from 23 to 48 h (range 3 h-10 days). The severity of individual neuromuscular signs and the presence of associated conditions such as aspiration pneumonia and laryngeal paralysis may necessitate longer periods of mechanical ventilation. This review aims to summarize the current recommendations regarding indications, management and prognosis of cats and dogs undergoing MV for TP and to identify areas for future research.
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Taylor S, Chan DL, Villaverde C, Ryan L, Peron F, Quimby J, O’Brien C, Chalhoub S. 2022 ISFM Consensus Guidelines on Management of the Inappetent Hospitalised Cat. J Feline Med Surg 2022; 24:614-640. [PMID: 35775307 PMCID: PMC11107985 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x221106353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PRACTICAL RELEVANCE Inappetence may have many origins and, as a presenting sign or observation in the hospitalised patient, is common in feline practice. Nutritional assessment of every patient is encouraged, to identify the need for, and appropriate type of, intervention indicated. The impact of malnutrition may be significant on the feline patient, perpetuating illness, delaying recovery, slowing wound healing and negatively impacting gut health and immunity. Delayed intervention may result in the cat's deterioration; hence prompt control of contributing factors such as the underlying illness, pain, nausea, ileus and stress is vital to optimise voluntary food intake. Management is multimodal, comprising reduction of stress, medications and assisted nutrition in the form of tube feeding or parenteral nutrition. Use of antiemetic, analgesic, prokinetic and appetite stimulant medications may restore appetite, but placement of feeding tubes should not be delayed. Feeding tubes are generally well tolerated and allow provision of food, water and medication with minimal stress, although clinicians must be aware of complications such as stoma site infections and refeeding syndrome. CLINICAL CHALLENGES Cats are vulnerable to malnutrition owing to their unique metabolism and specific nutritional requirements. Moreover, their nature as a species means they are susceptible to stress in the hospital environment, which may result in reduced food intake; previous negative experiences may compound the problem. In particular, an inappropriate clinic environment and/or handling may cause or exacerbate inappetence in hospitalised patients, with negative impacts on recovery. Postponing interventions such as feeding tube placement to await improvement, owing to clinician or caregiver apprehension, may hinder recovery and worsen nutritional deficits. EVIDENCE BASE The 2022 ISFM Consensus Guidelines on Management of the Inappetent Hospitalised Cat have been created by a panel of experts brought together by the International Society of Feline Medicine (ISFM). Information is based on the available literature, expert opinion and the panel members' experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Taylor
- International Society of Feline Medicine, Tisbury, Wiltshire, UK
| | - Daniel L Chan
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, UK
| | | | - Linda Ryan
- Inspiring Pet Teaching, Fordingbridge, Hampshire, UK
| | | | - Jessica Quimby
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Carolyn O’Brien
- Melbourne Cat Vets, 157 Westgarth Street, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Serge Chalhoub
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Rodriguez-Diaz J, Sumner JP, Miller M. Fatal Complications of Nasogastric Tube Misplacement in Two Dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2021; 57:242-246. [PMID: 34370835 DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-7104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Provision of enteral nutrition via the use of nasoenteric feeding tubes is a commonly used method in both veterinary and human medicine. Although case reports in human medicine have identified fatalities due to misplacement of nasogastric (NG) tubes into the tracheobronchial tree and subsequent pneumothorax, there are no case reports, to our knowledge, of fatalities in veterinary patients. This case report describes two fatalities caused by misplaced NG tubes in intubated patients (one intraoperative, one postoperative). This report highlights risk factors for feeding tube complications and methods to prevent future fatalities such as two-view radiography, two-step insertion, capnography, laryngoscopic-assisted placement, and palpation of the NG tube in the stomach. The recent fatalities discussed within this case series demonstrate that deaths as a result of NG tubes misplaced into the tracheobronchial tree occur in veterinary patients, and measures should be taken to prevent this complication.
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Lopez DJ, Holm SA, Korten B, Baum JI, Flanders JA, Sumner JP. Comparison of patient outcomes following enterotomy versus intestinal resection and anastomosis for treatment of intestinal foreign bodies in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2021; 258:1378-1385. [PMID: 34061615 DOI: 10.2460/javma.258.12.1378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To quantify the relative risk of intestinal dehiscence in dogs undergoing intestinal resection and anastomosis (IRA), compared with enterotomy, for surgical management of small intestinal foreign bodies, and to evaluate the association between nasogastric tube placement for early enteral nutrition (EEN) and hospitalization time. ANIMALS 211 dogs undergoing 227 surgeries for intestinal foreign body removal. PROCEDURES Medical records were reviewed for dogs undergoing a single-site sutured enterotomy or IRA for foreign body intestinal obstruction between May 2008 and April 2018. Multivariable logistic regression was used to quantify the association between surgical procedure and dehiscence. Multiple linear regression was used to quantify the association of nasogastric tube placement with total hospitalization time. RESULTS Dehiscence rates were 3.8% (7/183) and 18.2% (8/44) for enterotomy and IRA, respectively. Overall dehiscence rate for all surgeries was 6.6% (15/227). The odds of intestinal dehiscence for IRA were 6.09 times (95% CI, 1.89 to 19.58) the odds for enterotomy. An American Society of Anesthesiologists score > 3 (OR, 4.49; 95% CI, 1.43 to 14.11) and an older age (OR, 1.02 [95% CI, 1.01 to 1.02] for each 1-month increase in age) were significantly associated with greater odds of intestinal dehiscence, regardless of surgical procedure. Placement of a nasogastric tube was not associated with intestinal dehiscence or decreased total hospitalization time when controlling for the year of surgery. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Patients undergoing IRA were at a significantly higher risk of intestinal dehiscence, compared with patients undergoing enterotomy. Although this finding should not be used to recommend enterotomy over IRA, this information may be useful in guiding owner expectations and postoperative monitoring.
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Hedley J, Fayers B, Abou-Zahr T. Complications associated with esophagostomy tube placement in chelonian patients. J Exot Pet Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2021.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Griffin MA, Culp WTN, Garcia TC, Glaiberman CB, Giuffrida MA, Balsa IM, Mayhew PD, Johnson EG, Marks SL. Percutaneous radiologically guided gastrostomy tubes: Procedural description and biomechanical comparison in a canine model. Vet Surg 2020; 49:1334-1342. [PMID: 32537766 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the novel placement of percutaneous radiologically guided gastrostomy (PRG) tubes in a canine cadaveric model and to biomechanically compare PRG and percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube constructs. STUDY DESIGN Descriptive and biomechanical experimental study. ANIMALS Fifteen large breed (>25 kg) canine cadavers. METHODS Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tubes, low-profile PRG tubes, and standard PRG tubes were each placed in five canine cadavers. Body wall and stomach (with attached gastrostomy tube constructs) were harvested and biomechanically tested. Data regarding the maximal load to failure and procedure time were statistically analyzed. RESULTS Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy and PRG tube placement was successful in all cadavers with no procedure-related complications. Gastrostomy tube placement time was longer for the PEG group vs the low-profile PRG (P = .005) and standard PRG (P = .037) groups. Peak construct strength was lower for the PEG group vs the low-profile PRG (P = .002) and standard PRG (P = .010) groups. The site of failure varied among groups. CONCLUSION Percutaneous radiologically guided gastrostomy tubes were successfully placed in all cases with shorter placement time and greater peak construct strength compared with PEG tubes. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Due to the increased load to failure as well as decreased placement time recorded for PRG tubes relative to PEG tubes, PRG tubes may be considered as an alternative minimally invasive gastrostomy option in large breed canine patients. Further evaluation in clinical animals is required. Results of this work were presented at the 2019 American College of Veterinary Surgeons Surgery Summit; October 16-19, 2019; Las Vegas, Nevada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen A Griffin
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, United States
| | - William T N Culp
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, United States
| | - Tanya C Garcia
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, United States
| | | | - Michelle A Giuffrida
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, United States
| | - Ingrid M Balsa
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, United States
| | - Philipp D Mayhew
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, United States
| | - Eric G Johnson
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, United States
| | - Stanley L Marks
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, United States
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Hansen SC, Hlusko KC, Matz BM, Bacek LM. Retrospective evaluation of 24 cases of gastrostomy tube usage in dogs with septic peritonitis (2009-2016). J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2019; 29:514-520. [PMID: 31448863 DOI: 10.1111/vec.12882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the postoperative use of gastrostomy tubes (GT) in dogs with septic peritonitis. A secondary objective was to identify factors associated with GT placement and use that may be related to outcome. DESIGN Retrospective study. SETTING University teaching hospital. ANIMALS Twenty-four dogs diagnosed with septic peritonitis with GT placement at the time of exploratory laparotomy. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Eighteen dogs (75%) survived to discharge. Eighteen dogs (75%) had a gastrointestinal source of septic peritonitis. Complications were reported in 12/24 (50%) patients. Four dogs (16.6%) had non-GT-related complications such as vomiting, regurgitation, or increased gastric residual volume. GT-related complications occurred in 8/24 (33.3%) dogs, the majority of which (6/8 [75%]) were minor and did not necessitate removal of the GT. Two dogs had major complications that required removal of the GT. Significant differences between survivors and nonsurvivors were found between the length of time after placement of the GT to when they began eating and outcome (discharge versus death versus euthanasia) (P = 0.03), and GT dwell time (length of time the GT was in place) and outcome (P = 0.006). Clinically relevant correlations were found between the time after placement of the GT until feeding and time after placement until voluntarily eating (P = 0.0349), time after placement of the GT until voluntarily eating and length of hospitalization (P = 0.0391), and time after placement of the GT until feeding and length of hospitalization (P = 0.036). CONCLUSIONS GTs can be placed during exploratory laparotomy in dogs with septic peritonitis. They facilitate early enteral nutrition and are associated with few clinically significant complications. Prospective studies are needed to determine the optimal postoperative feeding plan and the effects of early enteral nutrition on serum albumin concentration in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonya C Hansen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL
| | - Katelyn C Hlusko
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL
| | - Brad M Matz
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL
| | - Lenore M Bacek
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL
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Risselada M, Griffith E, Kapler M, McDonald-Lynch M. Evaluation of various gastrojejunostomy tube constructs for enteral support of small animal patients. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2018; 252:1239-1246. [PMID: 29701521 DOI: 10.2460/javma.252.10.1239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the feasibility of manufacturing gastrojejunostomy tubes from jejunostomy and gastrostomy tubes that would allow for gastric and enteral feeding of and aspiration of gastric contents from small animal patients. DESIGN In vitro study. SAMPLE 9 gastrojejunostomy constructs. PROCEDURES Commercially available gastrostomy and jejunostomy tubes were combined to create 9 constructs. Three investigators tested each construct with 4 solutions (tap water, a commercial enteral diet, and 2 canned food-water mixtures) and 3 syringe sizes for ease of injection through the gastrostomy and jejunostomy tubes and aspiration through the gastrostomy tube. Flow rates were calculated and analyzed to evaluate effects of tube diameter and syringe size for each solution. RESULTS The 20F/8F, 24F/8F, 28F/8F, and 28F/10F (gastrostomy tube/jejunostomy tube) constructs allowed for injection and aspiration of all solutions. The 5F jejunostomy tubes allowed only water to be injected, whereas the 8F jejunostomy tubes did not allow injection of the canned food-water mixtures. The 20F/10F construct did not allow injection or aspiration through the gastrostomy tube, whereas the 18F/8F construct allowed injection but not aspiration through the gastrostomy tube. Faster flow rates through the gastrostomy tube were associated with larger gastrostomy tube diameter, smaller jejunostomy tube diameter, and smaller syringe size. Faster flow rates through the jejunostomy tube were associated with smaller jejunostomy tube diameter. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggested that homemade gastrojejunostomy constructs would allow for administration of a variety of enteral diets. Limitations to the administration and aspiration of various enteral diets as well as patient needs should be considered before a gastrojejunostomy tube combination is chosen.
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Pápa K, Psáder R, Sterczer Ã, Pap Ã, Rinkinen M, Spillmann T. Endoscopically guided nasojejunal tube placement in dogs for short-term postduodenal feeding. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2009; 19:554-63. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-4431.2009.00477.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Abstract
Nutritional treatment in critical care patients is an important component of the complete treatment plan. Assessment of nutritional status and careful consideration of the disease course will help guide the selection of the most appropriate assisted-feeding method. Enteral nutrition is favored over parenteral nutrition when the gastrointestinal tract is functional. Common routes of enteral feeding include nasoesophageal, esophagostomy, gastrostomy, and jejunostomy feeding tubes. Parenteral nutrition is indicated for patients who cannot tolerate enteral feedings, or are poor anesthetic candidates for proper feeding tube placement. Appropriate diet selection and implementation of proper feeding guidelines and monitoring will aide in limiting complications associated with enteral and/or parenteral feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally C Perea
- University of California, Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Campbell SJ, Marks SL, Yoshimoto SK, Riel DL, Fascetti AJ. Complications and outcomes of one-step low-profile gastrostomy devices for long-term enteral feeding in dogs and cats. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2007; 42:197-206. [PMID: 16611931 DOI: 10.5326/0420197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Sixteen dogs and cats with a variety of primary diseases were retrospectively evaluated following endoscopic placement of a one-step low-profile gastrostomy device. Overall, the devices were well tolerated, with most complications being minor in nature. Complications included bloody or purulent peristomal discharge, peristomal swelling, peristomal inflammation, discomfort associated with the device, leaking through the device, chewing at the device, premature removal of the device, peritonitis, and aspiration pneumonia. Dogs survived for up to 2241 days, and cats survived for up to 593 days after initial device placement. The median survival time after device insertion for dogs was 89 days, and for cats it was 87 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott J Campbell
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
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Jergens AE, Morrison JA, Miles KG, Silverman WB. Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrojejunostomy Tube Placement in Healthy Dogs and Cats. J Vet Intern Med 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2007.tb02923.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Valadares R, Palhares M, Bicalho A, Turchetto Jr. C, Freitas M, Silva Filho J, Carvalho A. Aspectos clínicos e hematológicos em cães submetidos à fluidoterapia intravenosa, nutrição enteral e parenteral. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2006. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-09352006000400007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Avaliaram-se peso vivo, temperatura retal, comportamento, escore fecal e hemograma em 20 cães, sem raça definida, distribuídos aleatoriamente em quatro grupos experimentais com cinco animais cada, duas fêmeas e três machos, submetidos ao arraçoamento padrão (grupo I - controle), à fluidoterapia intravenosa (grupo II), à nutrição enteral por gastrostomia (grupo III) e à nutrição parenteral total (grupo IV). Os tratamentos duraram sete dias, precedidos por dois dias de jejum alimentar. Os animais do grupo II apresentaram a maior perda de peso (P<0,05), e os do grupo IV flebite, já no segundo dia de tratamento. Não foram observadas alterações no eritrograma (P>0,05). Os animais do grupo II apresentaram valores abaixo dos de referência para hemácias, hemoglobina e hematócrito, sugerindo anemia normocítica normocrômica. A fixação da sonda gástrica, via endoscopia, levou a alterações no número total de leucócito (P<0,05), causando desvio à esquerda regenerativo nos animais do grupo II. A velocidade de administração da solução parenteral deve ser monitorada quando se utiliza o acesso venoso periférico.
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Cohn LA, Stoll MR, Branson KR, Roudabush AD, Kerl ME, Langdon PF, Johannes CM. Fatal hemothorax following management of an esophageal foreign body. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2003; 39:251-6. [PMID: 12755198 DOI: 10.5326/0390251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A 10.8-year-old, spayed female toy poodle presented with an esophageal foreign body. The foreign body was removed endoscopically, and a gastrostomy tube was placed to provide nutritional support during esophageal healing. The gastrostomy tube was later removed by endoscopic retrieval of the bulb through the esophagus. Immediately afterward, the dog developed hemothorax and eventually died. It was determined that many small arterial branches were avulsed from the aorta. The involved sections of aorta histopathogically evidenced medial necrosis, which was believed to be related to a prior disruption of blood flow through the vasa vasorum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah A Cohn
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, 379 East Campus Drive, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
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Ireland LM, Hohenhaus AE, Broussard JD, Weissman BL. A comparison of owner management and complications in 67 cats with esophagostomy and percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy feeding tubes. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2003; 39:241-6. [PMID: 12755196 DOI: 10.5326/0390241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Esophagostomy feeding tubes were placed in 46 cats. Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) feeding tubes were placed in 21 cats. Owner management and complications and facility of use were evaluated retrospectively by review of medical records and owner survey. Both tube types were equally effective for maintenance of body weight, ease of owner management, and complication rates. All of 12 owners surveyed were comfortable with PEG tube management. Ninety-six percent of 24 owners surveyed were comfortable with esophagostomy tube management. The esophagostomy tube can be placed less invasively, without specialized equipment, making it an excellent alternative to the PEG tube.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Ireland
- Department of Medicine, The Bobst Hospital of The Animal Medical Center, 510 East 62nd Street, New York, New York 10021, USA
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Johnson PA, Mann FA, Dodam J, Branson K, Wagner-Mann C, Brady MA, Dunphy E. Capnographic documentation of nasoesophageal and nasogastric feeding tube placement in dogs. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2002. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1435-6935.2002.00042.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Elliott DA, Riel DL, Rogers QR. Complications and outcomes associated with use of gastrostomy tubes for nutritional management of dogs with renal failure: 56 cases (1994-1999). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2000; 217:1337-42. [PMID: 11061386 DOI: 10.2460/javma.2000.217.1337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate complications and outcomes associated with use of gastrostomy tubes in dogs with renal failure. DESIGN Retrospective study. ANIMALS 56 dogs. PROCEDURE Medical records were reviewed for dogs with renal failure that were treated by use of gastrostomy tubes. RESULTS Mean +/- SD BUN concentration was 134 +/- 79 mg/dl and mean serum creatinine concentration was 9.0 +/- 3.8 mg/dl. Low-profile gastrostomy tubes were used for initial placement in 10 dogs, and traditional gastrostomy tubes were used in 46 dogs. Mild stoma-site complications included discharge, swelling, erythema, and signs of pain in 26 (46%) of dogs. Twenty-six gastrostomy tubes were replaced in 15 dogs; 11 were replaced because of patient removal, 6 were replaced because of tube wear, and 3 were replaced for other reasons. Six tubes were replaced by low-profile gastrostomy tubes. Gastrostomy tubes were used for 65 +/- 91 days (range, 1 to 438 days). Eight dogs gained weight, 11 did not change weight, and 17 lost weight; information was not available for 20 dogs. Three dogs were euthanatized because they removed their gastrostomy tubes, 2 were euthanatized because of evidence of tube migration, and 1 died of peritonitis. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Gastrostomy tubes appear to be safe and effective for improving nutritional status of dogs with renal failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Elliott
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616, USA
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