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Pan Z, Yang Y, Zhang L, Zhou X, Zeng Y, Tang R, Chang C, Sun J, Zhang J. Systemic Contact Dermatitis: The Routes of Allergen Entry. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2021; 61:339-350. [PMID: 34338976 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-021-08873-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Systemic contact dermatitis (SCD) is a generalized reactivation of type IV hypersensitivity skin diseases in individuals with previous sensitization after a contact allergen is administered systemically. Patients with SCD may consider their dermatitis unpredictable and recalcitrant since the causative allergens are difficult to find. If a patient has a pattern of dermatitis suggestive of SCD but fails to improve with conventional treatment, SCD should be taken into consideration. If doctors are not familiar with the presentations of SCD and the possible routes of allergen sensitization and exposure, the diagnosis of SCD may be delayed. In this work, we summarized all of the routes through which allergens can enter the body and cause SCD, including oral intake, local contact (through skin, inhalation, nasal spray and anal application), implants, and other iatrogenic or invasive routes (intravenous, intramuscular, intraarticular, and intravesicular). This will provide a comprehensive reference for the clinicians to identify the culprit of SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouxian Pan
- Allergy Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yongshi Yang
- Allergy Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Lishan Zhang
- Allergy Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xianjie Zhou
- Allergy Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yueping Zeng
- Dermatology Department, Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, PekingBeijing, 100730, China
| | - Rui Tang
- Allergy Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Christopher Chang
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA. .,Division of Pediatric Immunology and Allergy, Joe DiMaggio Children's Hospital, Hollywood, FL, USA.
| | - Jinlyu Sun
- Allergy Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Jing Zhang
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Turner M, Duncan J, Shah U, Metsvaht T, Varendi H, Nellis G, Lutsar I, Yakkundi S, McElnay J, Pandya H, Mulla H, Vaconsin P, Storme T, Rieutord A, Nunn A. Risk assessment of neonatal excipient exposure: lessons from food safety and other areas. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 73:89-101. [PMID: 24239480 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Newborn babies can require significant amounts of medication containing excipients intended to improve the drug formulation. Most medicines given to neonates have been developed for adults or older children and contain excipients thought to be safe in these age groups. Many excipients have been used widely in neonates without obvious adverse effects. Some excipients may be toxic in high amounts in which case they need careful risk assessment. Alternatively, it is conceivable that ill-founded fears about excipients mean that potentially useful medicines are not made available to newborn babies. Choices about excipient exposure can occur at several stages throughout the lifecycle of a medicine, from product development through to clinical use. Making these choices requires a scalable approach to analysing the overall risk. In this contribution we examine these issues.
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Zeng W, Glassman S, Dalipaj M, Ruddy T. Cutaneous drug eruption from aminophylline use during dipyridamole nuclear stress testing. J Nucl Cardiol 2010; 17:934-6. [PMID: 20186582 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-010-9200-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wanzhen Zeng
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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Yamauchi K, Kobayashi H, Tanifuji Y, Yoshida T, Pian HD, Inoue H. Efficacy and safety of intravenous theophylline administration for treatment of mild acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma. Respirology 2006; 10:491-6. [PMID: 16135173 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1843.2005.00730.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravenously administered theophylline (IAT) for the treatment of an acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma. The theophylline was solubilized and not combined with ethylenediamine. METHODOLOGY The subjects were 22 asthmatic patients with mild acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma. All patients had been taking oral sustained-release theophylline and their serum concentrations of theophylline were measured. The 16 patients whose serum theophylline concentrations were <13 microg/mL were randomly selected and treated with IAT (200 mg theophylline in 200 mL saline) for 2 h. Six patients were randomly selected as controls and received 200 mL of saline. Pulmonary function and asthma severity (Borg scale) before and after treatment were measured. RESULTS After IAT, both PEF (before IAT, 313+/-79 L/min; after IAT, 335+/-107; P<0.05) and FEV(1) (before IAT, 1.66+/-0.47 L; after IAT, 1.83+/-0.44; P<0.05) increased significantly. Furthermore, their severity of asthma as assessed by the Borg scale (before IAT, 2.5+/-1.2; after IAT, 1.3+/-1.0; P<0.05) improved significantly. In contrast, neither FEV(1), PEF, severity of asthma or Borg scale changed significantly in the group who only received saline. None of the patients treated in this study had any adverse effects. CONCLUSION These results suggest that IAT is useful for patients with mild acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma and is safe if serum theophylline concentrations are measured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Yamauchi
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Morioka, Japan
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Onodera K, Shibata M, Kojima J, Wachi M, Sogawa N, Furuta H, Kamei J. Toxicity of theophylline depends on plasma concentration by single and also repeated dosing in rats. Pharmacol Res 2001; 44:81-7. [PMID: 11516255 DOI: 10.1006/phrs.2001.0831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the in vivo toxicity and plasma concentration of theophylline. Theophylline was administered intravenously in single doses ( 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg kg(-1)once a day) or repeated doses (12.5, 25 and 90 mg kg(-1)/day for 28 days) in rats. Plasma concentrations of theophylline increased dose-dependently in both single and repeated doses, and there were no differences due to effects of 28-times repeated administration. Neither single dose at 50 mg kg(-1)nor repeated dose at 12.5 mg kg(-1)/day injections of theophylline showed toxic signs, in which plasma concentrations of theophylline were less than 110 and 22.5 microg ml(-1), respectively. Theophylline induced myocardial fibrosis in 25 mg kg(-1)/day and more treated groups: in which plasma concentrations of theophylline were more than 50 microg ml(-1). At doses of 100 mg kg(-1)(single) and 90 mg kg(-1)/day (repeated), theophylline caused tachypnea and excitement of movement. Each theophylline concentration in plasma was more than 194 microg ml(-1)in single 100 mg kg(-1)and 162 microg ml(-1)in repeated 90 mg kg(-1)/day injections, respectively. Death was observed at a dose of 200 mg kg(-1), in which the plasma concentration of theophylline was more than 264 microg ml(-1). Moreover, the recovery period from signs of toxic poisoning to normality in the 200 mg kg(-1)treated group was greater than that in the 150 mg kg(-1)and less treated groups. The results indicated that the in vivo toxicity of theophylline is highly dependent on plasma concentrations in rats which received single and also repeated doses of theophylline.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Onodera
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, Okayama University Dental School, Okayama 700-8525, Japan.
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Dickinson BI, Gora-Harper ML. Author' Reply. Ann Pharmacother 1996. [DOI: 10.1177/106002809603001126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mary Lea Gora-Harper
- Director Drug Information Center and Assistant Professor Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science University of Kentucky Chandler Medical Center Lexington, Kentucky 40536 FAX 606/258-2049
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