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Min KH, Kim DH, Pack SP. Size Control of Biomimetic Curved-Edge Vaterite with Chiral Toroid Morphology via Sonochemical Synthesis. Biomimetics (Basel) 2024; 9:174. [PMID: 38534858 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9030174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The metastable vaterite polymorph of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) holds significant practical importance, particularly in regenerative medicine, drug delivery, and various personal care products. Controlling the size and morphology of vaterite particles is crucial for biomedical applications. This study explored the synergistic effect of ultrasonic (US) irradiation and acidic amino acids on CaCO3 synthesis, specifically the size, dispersity, and crystallographic phase of curved-edge vaterite with chiral toroids (chiral-curved vaterite). We employed 40 kHz US irradiation and introduced L- or D-aspartic acid as an additive for the formation of spheroidal chiral-curved vaterite in an aqueous solution of CaCl2 and Na2CO3 at 20 ± 1 °C. Chiral-curved vaterites precipitated through mechanical stirring (without US irradiation) exhibited a particle size of approximately 15 μm, whereas those formed under US irradiation were approximately 6 μm in size and retained their chiral topoid morphology. When a fluorescent dye was used for the analysis of loading efficiency, the size-reduced vaterites with chiral morphology, produced through US irradiation, exhibited a larger loading efficiency than the vaterites produced without US irradiation. These results hold significant value for the preparation of biomimetic chiral-curved CaCO3, specifically size-reduced vaterites, as versatile biomaterials for material filling, drug delivery, and bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Ha Min
- Institute of Industrial Technology, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Pil Pack
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
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2
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Sang Y, Liu M. Hierarchical self-assembly into chiral nanostructures. Chem Sci 2022; 13:633-656. [PMID: 35173928 PMCID: PMC8769063 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03561d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
One basic principle regulating self-assembly is associated with the asymmetry of constituent building blocks or packing models. Using asymmetry to manipulate molecular-level devices and hierarchical functional materials is a promising topic in materials sciences and supramolecular chemistry. Here, exemplified by recent major achievements in chiral hierarchical self-assembly, we show how chirality may be utilized in the design, construction and evolution of highly ordered and complex chiral nanostructures. We focus on how unique functions can be developed by the exploitation of chiral nanostructures instead of single basic units. Our perspective on the future prospects of chiral nanostructures via the hierarchical self-assembly strategy is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Sang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Minghua Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
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3
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Athanasiadou D, Jiang W, Reznikov N, Rodríguez-Navarro AB, Kröger R, Bilton M, González-Segura A, Hu Y, Nelea V, McKee MD. Nanostructure of mouse otoconia. J Struct Biol 2020; 210:107489. [PMID: 32142754 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2020.107489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian otoconia of the inner ear vestibular apparatus are calcium carbonate-containing mineralized structures critical for maintaining balance and detecting linear acceleration. The mineral phase of otoconia is calcite, which coherently diffracts X-rays much like a single-crystal. Otoconia contain osteopontin (OPN), a mineral-binding protein influencing mineralization processes in bones, teeth and avian eggshells, for example, and in pathologic mineral deposits. Here we describe mineral nanostructure and the distribution of OPN in mouse otoconia. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy of intact and cleaved mouse otoconia revealed an internal nanostructure (~50 nm). Transmission electron microscopy and electron tomography of focused ion beam-prepared sections of otoconia confirmed this mineral nanostructure, and identified even smaller (~10 nm) nanograin dimensions. X-ray diffraction of mature otoconia (8-day-old mice) showed crystallite size in a similar range (73 nm and smaller). Raman and X-ray absorption spectroscopy - both methods being sensitive to the detection of crystalline and amorphous forms in the sample - showed no evidence of amorphous calcium carbonate in these mature otoconia. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy combined with colloidal-gold immunolabeling for OPN revealed that this protein was located at the surface of the otoconia, correlating with a site where surface nanostructure was observed. OPN addition to calcite growing in vitro produced similar surface nanostructure. These findings provide details on the composition and nanostructure of mammalian otoconia, and suggest that while OPN may influence surface rounding and surface nanostructure in otoconia, other incorporated proteins (also possibly including OPN) likely participate in creating internal nanostructure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wenge Jiang
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
| | | | | | - Roland Kröger
- Department of Physics, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Matthew Bilton
- Imaging Centre at Liverpool, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GL, UK
| | | | - Yongfeng Hu
- Canadian Light Source, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2V3, Canada
| | - Valentin Nelea
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Marc D McKee
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada.
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4
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Jiang W, Athanasiadou D, Zhang S, Demichelis R, Koziara KB, Raiteri P, Nelea V, Mi W, Ma JA, Gale JD, McKee MD. Homochirality in biomineral suprastructures induced by assembly of single-enantiomer amino acids from a nonracemic mixture. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2318. [PMID: 31127116 PMCID: PMC6534569 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10383-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Since Pasteur first successfully separated right-handed and left-handed tartrate crystals in 1848, the understanding of how homochirality is achieved from enantiomeric mixtures has long been incomplete. Here, we report on a chirality dominance effect where organized, three-dimensional homochiral suprastructures of the biomineral calcium carbonate (vaterite) can be induced from a mixed nonracemic amino acid system. Right-handed (counterclockwise) homochiral vaterite helicoids are induced when the amino acid L-Asp is in the majority, whereas left-handed (clockwise) homochiral morphology is induced when D-Asp is in the majority. Unexpectedly, the Asp that incorporates into the homochiral vaterite helicoids maintains the same enantiomer ratio as that of the initial growth solution, thus showing chirality transfer without chirality amplification. Changes in the degree of chirality of the vaterite helicoids are postulated to result from the extent of majority enantiomer assembly on the mineral surface. These mechanistic insights potentially have major implications for high-level advanced materials synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenge Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, and Tianjin Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science & Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P. R. China, 300072
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3A 0C7
| | | | - Shaodong Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China, 200240
| | - Raffaella Demichelis
- Curtin Institute for Computation, The Institute for Geoscience Research (TIGeR), and School of Molecular and Life Science, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia
| | - Katarzyna B Koziara
- Curtin Institute for Computation, The Institute for Geoscience Research (TIGeR), and School of Molecular and Life Science, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia
| | - Paolo Raiteri
- Curtin Institute for Computation, The Institute for Geoscience Research (TIGeR), and School of Molecular and Life Science, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia
| | - Valentin Nelea
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3A 0C7
| | - Wenbo Mi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparation Technology, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P. R. China, 300354
| | - Jun-An Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, and Tianjin Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science & Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P. R. China, 300072
| | - Julian D Gale
- Curtin Institute for Computation, The Institute for Geoscience Research (TIGeR), and School of Molecular and Life Science, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia
| | - Marc D McKee
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3A 0C7.
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3A 0C7.
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5
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Zhang X, He Y, Liu J, Bowden ME, Kovarik L, Mao SX, Wang C, De Yoreo JJ, Rosso KM. Accessing crystal-crystal interaction forces with oriented nanocrystal atomic force microscopy probes. Nat Protoc 2019; 13:2005-2030. [PMID: 30190550 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-018-0027-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Biominerals serve as critical structures of living systems and play important roles in biochemical processes. Understanding their crystallization mechanisms is therefore central to many areas of biology, biogeoscience, and biochemistry. Some biominerals, such as bone and dentin, are hierarchical nanocomposite structures constructed by sequential addition of individual oriented nanocrystals. The driving forces that enable this oriented assembly are still poorly understood, with advances in understanding limited in part by the availability of techniques that can precisely measure the delicate interactions between nanocrystals as a function of their separation distance and mutual orientation. Here, we provide a comprehensive protocol for (i) fabricating oriented single-nanocrystal atomic force microscopy (AFM) probes using focused ion beam (FIB) milling and (ii) performing oriented nanocrystal interaction force measurements using dynamic force spectroscopy (DFS)-based AFM and environmental transmission electron microscopy (ETEM)-AFM techniques. We illustrate how to fabricate oriented nanocrystal force probes using commercial bulk crystals or nano/microcrystals of calcite, zinc oxide, and rutile. The typical protocol for fabricating one AFM crystal probe takes 2-3 h. In addition, we illustrate how to quantify the direction-specific interaction forces for a given pair of interacting oriented nanocrystal faces. The methods are fully transferrable to other minerals of interest, such as the apatites constituting bone minerals. This allows researchers across many fields to measure and understand particle-based crystallization processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA.
| | - Yang He
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jia Liu
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Mark E Bowden
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Libor Kovarik
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Scott X Mao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Chongmin Wang
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - James J De Yoreo
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Kevin M Rosso
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA.
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6
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Prayuenyong P, Taylor JA, Pearson SE, Gomez R, Patel PM, Hall DA, Kasbekar AV, Baguley DM. Vestibulotoxicity Associated With Platinum-Based Chemotherapy in Survivors of Cancer: A Scoping Review. Front Oncol 2018; 8:363. [PMID: 30319960 PMCID: PMC6167545 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cochleotoxicity following the treatment with platinum-based chemotherapy is well documented. The potential for vestibulotoxicity is still unclear. This scoping review examined the extent of current research literature, summarized research findings and identified research gaps regarding vestibular-related adverse effects associated with platinum-based chemotherapy in survivors of cancer. Methods: Inclusion criteria followed the PICO principles: Participants, adult, and pediatric cancer patients of any cancer type; Intervention, platinum-based chemotherapy (such as cisplatin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin); Control, none or any; Outcomes, vestibular-related adverse effects. English language articles published since 1978 were retrieved. Seventy-five eligible studies were identified from a systematic literature search, and relevant data were charted, collated, and summarized. Results: Testing for vestibulotoxicity predominately featured functional evaluation of the horizontal semicircular canal using the caloric and rotational tests. The rate of abnormal vestibular function test results after chemotherapy administration varied from 0 to 50%. The results of objective testing did not always correspond to patient symptoms. There is tentative support for patients with pre-existing loss of vestibular function to be more likely to experience vestibular toxicity after dosing with cisplatin. Conclusions: A number of studies reported significant evidence of vestibular toxicities associated with platinum-based chemotherapy, especially cisplatin. This scoping review emphasizes that vestibular toxicity needs more attention and comprehensive evaluation. Specifically, studies that analyse cumulative dose of platinum-based chemotherapy, affected sites of lesion in vestibular end organs, and the correlation and temporal patterns of cochlear and vestibular toxicity are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pattarawadee Prayuenyong
- Hearing Sciences, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - John A Taylor
- Hearing Sciences, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie E Pearson
- Hearing Sciences, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Gomez
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Poulam M Patel
- Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,Division of Cancer and Stem cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah A Hall
- Hearing Sciences, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semeniyh, Malaysia
| | - Anand V Kasbekar
- Hearing Sciences, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - David M Baguley
- Hearing Sciences, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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7
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Jiang W, Pacella MS, Vali H, Gray JJ, McKee MD. Chiral switching in biomineral suprastructures induced by homochiral l-amino acid. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaas9819. [PMID: 30083605 PMCID: PMC6070311 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aas9819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
How homochiral l-biomolecules in nature induce a chiral switch in biomineralized architectures is unknown, although chiral switching is common in many calcium carbonate-hardened structures found in marine and terrestrial organisms. We created hierarchically organized, chiral biomineral structures of calcium carbonate, whose chirality can be switched by a single l-enantiomer of an amino acid. The control of this chiral switching involves two stages: a calcium carbonate (vaterite) platelet layer inclination stage, followed by a platelet layer rotation stage, the latter stage being responsible for successional chiral switching events within the biomineralized structures. The morphology of the synthesized chiral vaterite structures remarkably resembles pathologic chiral vaterite otoconia found in the human inner ear. In general, these findings describe how a single-enantiomer amino acid might contribute to biomineral architectures having more than one chirality as is commonly seen in biology, and more specifically, they suggest how pathologic chiral malformations may arise in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenge Jiang
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Michael S. Pacella
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA
| | - Hojatollah Vali
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Jeffrey J. Gray
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Program in Molecular Biophysics, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Marc D. McKee
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C7, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C7, Canada
- Corresponding author.
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8
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Chiral acidic amino acids induce chiral hierarchical structure in calcium carbonate. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15066. [PMID: 28406143 PMCID: PMC5399303 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chirality is ubiquitous in biology, including in biomineralization, where it is found in many hardened structures of invertebrate marine and terrestrial organisms (for example, spiralling gastropod shells). Here we show that chiral, hierarchically organized architectures for calcium carbonate (vaterite) can be controlled simply by adding chiral acidic amino acids (Asp and Glu). Chiral, vaterite toroidal suprastructure having a ‘right-handed' (counterclockwise) spiralling morphology is induced by L-enantiomers of Asp and Glu, whereas ‘left-handed' (clockwise) morphology is induced by D-enantiomers, and sequentially switching between amino-acid enantiomers causes a switch in chirality. Nanoparticle tilting after binding of chiral amino acids is proposed as a chiral growth mechanism, where a ‘mother' subunit nanoparticle spawns a slightly tilted, consequential ‘daughter' nanoparticle, which by amplification over various length scales creates oriented mineral platelets and chiral vaterite suprastructures. These findings suggest a molecular mechanism for how biomineralization-related enantiomers might exert hierarchical control to form extended chiral suprastructures. Chiral structures are formed in numerous processes including biomineralization of calcium carbonate. Here, the authors demonstrate that the chiral, hierarchically-organized architecture of the calcium carbonate mineral, vaterite, can be controlled simply by the addition of chiral acidic amino acids.
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9
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Black FO, Pesznecker SC, Homer L, Stallings V. Benign paroxysmal positional nystagmus in hospitalized subjects receiving ototoxic medications. Otol Neurotol 2004; 25:353-8. [PMID: 15129117 DOI: 10.1097/00129492-200405000-00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the occurrence of benign paroxysmal positional nystagmus in subjects undergoing treatment with potentially ototoxic medications. STUDY DESIGN Prospective and retrospective record reviews. SETTING Tertiary referral neurotology clinic; clinical research and technology center. SUBJECTS Ninety-nine hospitalized subjects undergoing treatment of infectious disease or carcinoma with potentially ototoxic medications. INTERVENTIONS Records review, tests of vestibular function. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Results of Hallpike positional tests for benign paroxysmal positional nystagmus (electro-oculography). RESULTS Forty-one (41%) of 99 subjects were female and 58 (59%) were male. Age range was 15 to 73 years (mean, 47 years). Forty-nine (50%) of 99 subjects had an unequivocally positive Hallpike test for benign paroxysmal positional nystagmus in one or both ears. The occurrence of benign paroxysmal positional nystagmus in the Hallpike-positive population was distributed equally across age decades. Of the 49 subjects with benign paroxysmal positional nystagmus, 22 (44%) were female and 27 (56%) were male. CONCLUSIONS Benign paroxysmal positional nystagmus is the most common cause of vertigo in the general population, including subjects receiving ototoxic drugs. Complaints of vertigo in subjects receiving ototoxic drugs therefore may or may not indicate onset of ototoxicity. Occurrence of benign paroxysmal positional nystagmus in subjects receiving ototoxic drugs was independent of gender or age. The high occurrence rate of benign paroxysmal positional nystagmus in subjects receiving potentially ototoxic medications is consistent with the observation that benign paroxysmal positional nystagmus occurs in combination with many pathologic conditions. Benign paroxysmal positional nystagmus presenting in subjects receiving ototoxic drugs may complicate the clinical identification of ototoxicity and obfuscate clinical decision-making processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Owen Black
- Legacy Holladay Park Clinical Research and Technology Center, Department of Neurotology Research, Portland, Oregon 97208-3950, USA.
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10
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Gauldie RW. Fusion of Otoconia: a Stage in the Development of the Otolith in the Evolution of Fishes. ACTA ZOOL-STOCKHOLM 1996. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-6395.1996.tb01249.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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