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Washington MC, Williams K, Sayegh AI. The feeding responses evoked by endogenous cholecystokinin are regulated by different gastrointestinal sites. Horm Behav 2016; 78:79-85. [PMID: 26522495 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The current study tested the hypothesis that cholecystokinin (CCK) A receptor (CCKAR) in areas supplied by the celiac artery (CA), stomach and upper duodenum, and the cranial mesenteric artery (CMA), small and parts of the large intestine, is necessary for reduction of meal size, prolongation of the intermeal interval (time between first and second meal) and increased satiety ratio (intermeal interval/meal size or amount of food consumed during any given unit of time) by the non-nutrient stimulator of endogenous CCK release camostat. Consistent with our previous findings camostat reduced meal size, prolonged the intermeal interval and increased the satiety ratio. Here, we report that blocking CCKAR in the area supplied by the celiac artery attenuated reduction of meal size by camostat more so than the cranial mesenteric artery route. Blocking CCKAR in the area supplied by the cranial mesenteric artery attenuated prolongation of the intermeal interval length and increased satiety ratio by camostat more so than the celiac artery route. Blocking CCKAR in the areas supplied by the femoral artery (control) failed to alter the feeding responses evoked by camostat. These results support the hypothesis that CCKAR in the area supplied by the CA is necessary for reduction of meal size by camostat whereas CCKAR in the area supplied by the CMA is necessary for prolongation of the intermeal interval and increased satiety ratio by this substance. Our results demonstrate that meal size and intermeal interval length by camostat are regulated through different gastrointestinal sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha C Washington
- Gastroenterology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, United States
| | - Kasey Williams
- Gastroenterology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, United States
| | - Ayman I Sayegh
- Gastroenterology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, United States.
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Voigt JP, Fink H. Serotonin controlling feeding and satiety. Behav Brain Res 2015; 277:14-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.08.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Sayegh AI, Washington MC, Johnson RE, Johnson-Rouse T, Freeman C, Harrison A, Lucas J, Shelby M, Fisher B, Willis W, Reeve JJ. Celiac and the cranial mesenteric arteries supply gastrointestinal sites that regulate meal size and intermeal interval length via cholecystokinin-58 in male rats. Horm Behav 2015; 67:48-53. [PMID: 25479193 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2014.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The site(s) of action that control meal size and intermeal interval (IMI) length by cholecystokinin-58 (CCK-58), the only detectable endocrine form of CCK in the rat, are not known. To test the hypothesis that the gastrointestinal tract may contain such sites, we infused low doses of CCK-58 (0.01, 0.05, 0.15 and 0.25nmol/kg) into the celiac artery (CA, supplying stomach and upper duodenum), the cranial mesenteric artery (CMA, supplying small and most of the large intestines), the femoral artery (FA, control) and the portal vein (PV, draining the gastrointestinal tract) prior to the onset of the dark cycle in freely fed male rats. We measured the first meal size (chow), second meal size, IMI and satiety ratio (SR, IMI/meal size). We found that (1) all doses of CCK-58 given in the CA and the highest dose given in the CMA reduced the first meal size, (2) all doses of CCK-58 given in the CA reduced the second meal size, (3) a CCK-58 dose of 0.15nmol/kg given in the CA and 0.15 and 0.25nmol/kg given in the CMA prolonged the IMI, (4) CCK-58 (0.05, 0.15, 0.25nmol/kg) given in the CA and 0.25nmol/kg given in the CMA increased the SR, and (5) CCK-58 given in the FA and PV had no effect on the meal size or intermeal interval. These results support our hypothesis that the gastrointestinal tract contains sites of action that regulate meal size and IMI length via CCK-58. The stomach and upper duodenum may contain sites regulating meal size, whereas the small intestine and part of the large intestine may contain sites regulating the IMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman I Sayegh
- Gastroenterology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL, USA.
| | - Martha C Washington
- Gastroenterology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL, USA
| | - Ruth E Johnson
- Gastroenterology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL, USA
| | - Tanisha Johnson-Rouse
- Gastroenterology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL, USA
| | - Corren Freeman
- Gastroenterology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL, USA
| | - Anna Harrison
- Gastroenterology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL, USA
| | - Jennifer Lucas
- Gastroenterology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL, USA
| | - Mandy Shelby
- Gastroenterology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL, USA
| | - Brittley Fisher
- Gastroenterology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL, USA
| | - William Willis
- Gastroenterology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL, USA
| | - Joseph J Reeve
- Gastroenterology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL, USA; CURE: Digestive Diseases Research Center, Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Digestive Diseases Division, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Engster KM, Frommelt L, Hofmann T, Nolte S, Fischer F, Rose M, Stengel A, Kobelt P. Peripheral injected cholecystokinin-8S modulates the concentration of serotonin in nerve fibers of the rat brainstem. Peptides 2014; 59:25-33. [PMID: 25017242 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2014.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Serotonin and cholecystokinin (CCK) play a role in the short-term inhibition of food intake. It is known that peripheral injection of CCK increases c-Fos-immunoreactivity (Fos-IR) in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) in rats, and injection of the serotonin antagonist ondansetron decreases the number of c-Fos-IR cells in the NTS. This supports the idea of serotonin contributing to the effects of CCK. The aim of the present study was to elucidate whether peripherally injected CCK-8S modulates the concentration of serotonin in brain feeding-regulatory nuclei. Ad libitum fed male Sprague-Dawley rats received 5.2 and 8.7 nmol/kg CCK-8S (n=3/group) or 0.15M NaCl (n=3-5/group) injected intraperitoneally (ip). The number of c-Fos-IR neurons, and the fluorescence intensity of serotonin in nerve fibers were assessed in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), arcuate nucleus (ARC), NTS and dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV). CCK-8S increased the number of c-Fos-ir neurons in the NTS (mean±SEM: 72±4, and 112±5 neurons/section, respectively) compared to vehicle-treated rats (7±2 neurons/section, P<0.05), but did not modulate c-Fos expression in the DMV or ARC. Additionally, CCK-8S dose-dependently increased the number of c-Fos-positive neurons in the PVN (218±15 and 128±14, respectively vs. 19±5, P<0.05). In the NTS and DMV we observed a decrease of serotonin-immunoreactivity 90 min after injection of CCK-8S (46±2 and 49±8 pixel/section, respectively) compared to vehicle (81±8 pixel/section, P<0.05). No changes of serotonin-immunoreactivity were observed in the PVN and ARC. Our results suggest that serotonin is involved in the mediation of CCK-8's effects in the brainstem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim-Marie Engster
- Medical Clinic, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Lisa Frommelt
- Medical Clinic, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Hofmann
- Medical Clinic, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Sandra Nolte
- Medical Clinic, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Fischer
- Medical Clinic, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Rose
- Medical Clinic, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Stengel
- Medical Clinic, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Kobelt
- Medical Clinic, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.
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The Role of Cholecystokinin Receptors in the Short-Term Control of Food Intake. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2013; 114:277-316. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-386933-3.00008-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Lateef DM, Washington MC, Raboin SJ, Roberson AE, Mansour MM, Williams CS, Sayegh AI. Duodenal myotomy blocks reduction of meal size and prolongation of intermeal interval by cholecystokinin. Physiol Behav 2012; 105:829-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Accepted: 10/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Lateef DM, Washington MC, Sayegh AI. The short term satiety peptide cholecystokinin reduces meal size and prolongs intermeal interval. Peptides 2011; 32:1289-95. [PMID: 21453733 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2011.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2011] [Revised: 03/15/2011] [Accepted: 03/16/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Camostat mesilate (or mesylate) releases endogenous cholecystokinin (CCK) or CCK-58, the only detectable endocrine form of CCK in the rat, and reduces cumulative food intake by activating CCK(1) receptor. However, the literature lacks meal pattern analysis and an appropriate dose-response curve for this peptide. Therefore, the current study determines meal size (MS), intermeal interval (IMI) and satiety ratio (SR) by orogastric gavage of camostat (0, 12.5, 25, 50, 100, 200, 300, 400, 800mg/kg) and compares them to those previously reported by a single dose of CCK-8 (1nmol/kg, i.p), the most utilized form of CCK. We found that camostat (200, 300, 400 and 800mg/kg) and CCK-8 reduced cumulative food intake and the size of the first meal, but only camostat prolonged IMI and increased SR. There was no change in the duration of the first two meals or in rated behaviors such as feeding, grooming, standing and resting in response to camostat and CCK-8, but there was more resting during the IMI in response to camostat. This study provides meal pattern analysis and an appropriate dose-response curve for camostat and CCK-8. Camostat reduces food intake by decreasing MS and prolonging IMI, whereas CCK-8 reduces food intake by reducing only meal size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalya M Lateef
- Gastroenterology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL, USA
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Sink KS, Segovia KN, Sink J, Randall PA, Collins LE, Correa M, Markus EJ, Vemuri VK, Makriyannis A, Salamone JD. Potential anxiogenic effects of cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonists/inverse agonists in rats: comparisons between AM4113, AM251, and the benzodiazepine inverse agonist FG-7142. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2010; 20:112-22. [PMID: 20015619 PMCID: PMC2817975 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2009.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2009] [Revised: 10/30/2009] [Accepted: 11/10/2009] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cannabinoid CB1 inverse agonists suppress food-motivated behaviors, but may also induce psychiatric effects such as depression and anxiety. To evaluate behaviors potentially related to anxiety, the present experiments assessed the CB1 inverse agonist AM251 (2.0-8.0mg/kg), the CB1 antagonist AM4113 (3.0-12.0mg/kg), and the benzodiazepine inverse agonist FG-7142 (10.0-20.0mg/kg), using the open field test and the elevated plus maze. Although all three drugs affected open field behavior, these effects were largely due to actions on locomotion. In the elevated plus maze, FG-7142 and AM251 both produced anxiogenic effects. FG-7142 and AM251 also significantly increased c-Fos activity in the amygdala and nucleus accumbens shell. In contrast, AM4113 failed to affect performance in the plus maze, and did not induce c-Fos immunoreactivity. The weak effects of AM4113 are consistent with biochemical data showing that AM4113 induces little or no intrinsic cellular activity. This research may lead to the development of novel appetite suppressants with reduced anxiogenic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Sink
- Dept. of Psychology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-1020, USA
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Sullivan CN, Raboin SJ, Gulley S, Sinzobahamvya NT, Green GM, Reeve JR, Sayegh AI. Endogenous cholecystokinin reduces food intake and increases Fos-like immunoreactivity in the dorsal vagal complex but not in the myenteric plexus by CCK1 receptor in the adult rat. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2007; 292:R1071-80. [PMID: 17082351 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00490.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
We hypothesized that endogenous CCK reduces food intake by activating the dorsal vagal complex (DVC) and the myenteric neurons of the gut. To test this hypothesis, adult rats were given camostat mesilate; a nonnutrient releaser of endogenous CCK, by orogastric gavage, and Fos-like immunoreactivity (Fos-LI) was quantified in the DVC and the myenteric plexus. The results for endogenous CCK were compared with those for exogenous CCK-8. Exogenous CCK-8 reduced food intake and stimulated Fos-LI in the DVC and in myenteric neurons of the duodenum and jejunum. In comparison, endogenous CCK reduced food intake and increased DVC Fos-LI but did not increase Fos-LI in the myenteric plexus. Similar to CCK-8, devazepide, a specific CCK1 receptor antagonist, and not L365,260, a specific CCK2 receptor antagonist, attenuated the reduction of food intake by camostat. In addition, Fos-LI in the DVC in response to both exogenous CCK-8 and camostat administration was significantly attenuated by vagotomy, as well as by blocking CCK1 receptors. These results demonstrate for the first time that reduction of food intake in adult rats by endogenous CCK released by a nonnutrient mechanism requires CCK1 receptors, the vagus nerve, and activation of the DVC, but not the myenteric plexus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherese N Sullivan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA
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Yu Y, Jawa A, Pan W, Kastin AJ. Effects of peptides, with emphasis on feeding, pain, and behavior A 5-year (1999-2003) review of publications in Peptides. Peptides 2004; 25:2257-89. [PMID: 15572212 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2004.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2004] [Accepted: 09/21/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Novel effects of naturally occurring peptides are continuing to be discovered, and their mechanisms of actions as well as interactions with other substances, organs, and systems have been elucidated. Synthetic analogs may have actions similar or antagonistic to the endogenous peptides, and both the native peptides and analogs have potential as drugs or drug targets. The journal Peptides publishes many leading articles on the structure-activity relationship of peptides as well as outstanding reviews on some families of peptides. Complementary to the reviews, here we extract information from the original papers published during the past five years in Peptides (1999-2003) to summarize the effects of different classes of peptides, their modulation by other chemicals and various pathophysiological states, and the mechanisms by which the effects are exerted. Special attention is given to peptides related to feeding, pain, and other behaviors. By presenting in condensed form the effects of peptides which are essential for systems biology, we hope that this summary of existing knowledge will encourage additional novel research to be presented in Peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongmei Yu
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
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Chen SF, Liu WX, Yamamoto M, Makoto O. Effects of protease inhibitor ONO-3403 on pancreatic exocrine response to CCK in rats. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2003; 11:737-740. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v11.i6.737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To examine the pancreatic exocrine response to CCK-8 and to clarify the mechanism of the pancreatic exocrine hypersecretion after oral administration of synthetic protease inhibitor ONO-3403 in rats.
METHODS A single oral dose of synthetic protease inhibitor ONO-3403 was given to rats by orogastric tube 6h and 12 h before experiments. The pancreatic juice was collected before test and after stimulation of stepwise increasing doses of CCK-8. The output of protein, amylase, lipase and bicarbonate in pancreatic juice or pancreatic tissue were determinated by Lowry method, Chromogenic method with blue-dyed starch polymer, Whitaker method and by the DST 800 multititration system, respectively.
RESULTS Oral administration of ONO-3403 had no influence on pancreatic juice flow and output of protein in basal and CCK-8 stimulation at 6h after ONO-3403 pretreated, but it caused a significant increase in pancreatic juice flow (peak level 215±9 ulper 30 min vs 93±6 ulper 30 min, P<0.01) and protein output (peak level 16475±1 801 ug per 30 min vs 5 920±593 ug per 30 min, P<0.01) of the basal and CCK-8 stimulation at 12 h after ONO-3 403 pretreated. The basal pancreatic juice flow and output of amylase (470±32 su per 30 min at 6 h P<0.01, 394±47 su per 30 min at 12 h, P<0.05 vs 251±32 su per 30 min), bicarbonate (2.224±0.333 umolper 30 min at 6 h, P<0.05; 3.148±0.374 umolper 30 min at 12 h, P<0.01 vs 1.428±0.282 umolper 30 min) were significant high after ONO-3403 pretreated than those of control group. There was no change in lipase output compared with control group. The pancreatic weight, pancreatic contents of protein and amylase in ONO-3 403 pretreated rats were similar to those in control rats.
CONCLUSION ONO-3 403 can increase pancreatic exocrine secretion and sensitivity to CCK-8 stimulation.The mechanism of ONO3 403 induced pancreatic exocrine hypersecretion may be a feedback regulation of the pancreas by increasing CCK secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Fu Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Clinical College, China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Wei-Xin Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, First clinical college, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Mitsuyoshi Yamamoto
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu 807, Japan
| | - Otsuki Makoto
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu 807, Japan
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