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Subramaniam V, Chuang G, Xia H, Burn B, Bradley J, Maderdrut JL, Coy DH, Varner KJ. Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) protects against mitoxantrone-induced cardiac injury in mice. Peptides 2017; 95:25-32. [PMID: 28720396 PMCID: PMC5568240 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mitoxantrone (MXT) is an androstenedione that is used to treat cancers and progressive forms of multiple sclerosis; however, its use is limited by its cardiotoxicity. Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a member of the secretin/growth hormone-releasing hormone/vasoactive intestinal peptide family and has many functions, including cytoprotection and immunosuppression. We tested the hypothesis that PACAP can protect against MXT-induced cardiotoxicity in mice. Female BALB/c mice were treated once weekly for 4 weeks with saline (n=14) or MXT (3mg/kg, i.p.; n=14). Half of the mice in each group received PACAP (10μg, i.p.) 1h before and 24 and 48h after MXT, while the remaining mice received injections of saline on the same schedule. Echocardiography was used to assess cardiac structure and function. In mice treated with MXT and saline, body weight was significantly reduced after the third dose of MXT. PACAP significantly attenuated the reduction in body weight; however, the weights did not return to control level. Compared to controls, MXT-treated mice had significantly increased left ventricular (LV) diameter and LV volume and decreased LV posterior wall thickness. Fractional shortening (FS) and ejection fraction (EF) were also significantly decreased. Treatment with PACAP prevented MXT-induced LV dilation and significantly attenuated the reductions in FS and EF, although FS and EF did not return to control level. PACAP38 did not prevent MXT-induced decreases in LV posterior wall thickness. MXT dose-dependently decreased the viability of cultured U937 (human leukemia) cells; PACAP did not protect cultured U937 cells from MXT-mediated cell death. In conclusion, PACAP can attenuate MXT-mediated LV dilation and dysfunction in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkat Subramaniam
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112-1393, United States
| | - Gin Chuang
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112-1393, United States
| | - Huijing Xia
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112-1393, United States; Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112-1393, United States
| | - Brendan Burn
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112-1393, United States
| | - Jessica Bradley
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112-1393, United States; Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112-1393, United States
| | - Jerome L Maderdrut
- Peptide Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112-2699, United States
| | - David H Coy
- Peptide Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112-2699, United States
| | - Kurt J Varner
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112-1393, United States; Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112-1393, United States.
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Harfi I, D'Hondt S, Corazza F, Sariban E. Regulation of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes functions by the neuropeptide pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide after activation of MAPKs. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2004; 173:4154-63. [PMID: 15356166 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.173.6.4154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Anti-inflammatory activities of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating protein (PACAP) are mediated in part through specific effects on lymphocytes and macrophages. This study shows that in human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs), PACAP acts as a proinflammatory molecule. In PMNs, vaso-intestinal peptide/PACAP receptor 1 (VPAC-1) was the only receptor found to be expressed by RT-PCR. Using VPAC-1 Ab, we found that VPAC-1 mRNA was translated into proteins. In PMNs, PACAP increases cAMP, inositol triphosphate metabolites, and calcium. It activates two of the three members of the MAPK superfamily, the ERK and the stress-activated MAPK p38. U73122, an inhibitor of phospholipase C (PLC), inhibits PACAP-induced ERK activation, whereas p38 MAPK phosphorylation was unaffected. Using specific pharmalogical inhibitors of ERK (PD098059) and p38 MAPK (SB203580), we found that PACAP-mediated calcium increase was ERK and PLC dependent and p38 independent. PACAP primes fMLP-associated calcium increase; it also primes fMLP activation of the respiratory burst as well as elastase release, these last two processes being ERK and PLC dependent and p38 MAPK independent. PACAP also increases membrane expression of CD11b and release of lactoferrin and metallo proteinase-9 (MMP-9). These effects were PLC dependent (CD 11b, lactoferrin, MMP-9), ERK dependent (CD 11b, lactoferrin, MMP-9), and p38 dependent (CD11b, lactoferrin). We conclude that PACAP is a direct PMN activator as well as an effective PMN priming agent that requires PLC, ERK, and p38 MAPK activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Issam Harfi
- Hemato-Oncology Unit and Laboratory of Pediatric Oncology, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants, Hôpital Brugman, Brussels, Belgium
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