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Camilo DS, Pradella F, Paulino MF, Baracat ECE, Marini SH, Guerra G, Pavin EJ, Parisi C, Longhini ALF, Marques SB, Guariento EG, Lieber SR, Macedo CF, Gama E Silva L, Farias AS, Santos LMB, Volpini WMG. Partial remission in Brazilian children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Association with a haplotype of class II human leukocyte antigen and synthesis of autoantibodies. Pediatr Diabetes 2020; 21:606-614. [PMID: 32078220 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Characterization of partial remission using the insulin dose-adjusted HbA1c (IDAA1c) ≤ 9 definition in a multiethnic Brazilian population of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D), in addition with the determination of both Class II HLA genotype and autoantibodies. METHODS We analyzed the prevalence of partial remission in 51 new-onset T1D patients with a median time follow-up of 13 months from diagnosis. For this study, anti-GAD65, anti-IA2 and HLA class II genotyping were considered. RESULTS Partial remission occurred in 41.2% of T1D patients until 3 months after diagnosis, mainly in those aged 5-15 years. We have demonstrated a significant increase in the haplotypes of class II HLA DRB1*0301-DQB1*0201 in children and adolescents with a partial remission phase of the disease (42.9% vs 21.7% in non-remitters, P = .0291). This haplotype was also associated with the reduction of anti-IA2 antibodies production. Homozygote DRB1*03-DQB1*0201/DRB1*03-DQB1*0201 children had the lowest prevalence of IA-2A antibodies (P = .0402). However, this association does not correlate with the time of the remission phase. CONCLUSION Although the number of patients studied was reduced, our data suggested that the association between genetics and decrease in antibody production to certain islet auto-antigen may contribute, at least in part, to the remission phase of T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela S Camilo
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Biology Institut, Campinas University UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Fernando Pradella
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Biology Institut, Campinas University UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Emilio C E Baracat
- Departament of Pediatrics, Campinas University UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Sofia H Marini
- Departament of Pediatrics, Campinas University UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Gil Guerra
- Departament of Pediatrics, Campinas University UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth J Pavin
- Endocrinology Diabetes Service of the Clinical Hospital, Campinas University UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Candida Parisi
- Endocrinology Diabetes Service of the Clinical Hospital, Campinas University UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Ana Leda F Longhini
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Biology Institut, Campinas University UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Silvia B Marques
- HLA Laboratory, Blood Center, Campinas University UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Sofia R Lieber
- HLA Laboratory, Blood Center, Campinas University UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Letícia Gama E Silva
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Biology Institut, Campinas University UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Alessandro S Farias
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Biology Institut, Campinas University UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil.,National Institute for Science and Technology-Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), CNPq, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Leonilda M B Santos
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Biology Institut, Campinas University UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil.,National Institute for Science and Technology-Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), CNPq, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Walkyria M G Volpini
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Biology Institut, Campinas University UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
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Bergamin CS, Pérez-Hurtado E, Oliveira L, Gabbay M, Piveta V, Bittencourt C, Russo D, Carmona RDC, Sato M, Dib SA. Enterovirus Neutralizing Antibodies, Monocyte Toll Like Receptors Expression and Interleukin Profiles Are Similar Between Non-affected and Affected Siblings From Long-Term Discordant Type 1 Diabetes Multiplex-Sib Families: The Importance of HLA Background. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:555685. [PMID: 33071971 PMCID: PMC7538605 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.555685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Enteroviruses are main candidates among environmental agents in the development of type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, the relationship between virus and the immune system response during T1D pathogenesis is heterogeneous. This is an interesting paradigm and the search for answers would help to highlight the role of viral infection in the etiology of T1D. The current data is a cross-sectional study of affected and non-affected siblings from T1D multiplex-sib families to analyze associations among T1D, genetic, islet autoantibodies and markers of innate immunity. We evaluated the prevalence of anti-virus antibodies (Coxsackie B and Echo) and its relationships with human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II alleles, TLR expression (monocytes), serum cytokine profile and islet β cell autoantibodies in 51 individuals (40 T1D and 11 non-affected siblings) from 20 T1D multiplex-sib families and 54 healthy control subjects. The viral antibody profiles were similar among all groups, except for antibodies against CVB2, which were more prevalent in the non-affected siblings. TLR4 expression was higher in the T1D multiplex-sib family's members than in the control subjects. TLR4 expression showed a positive correlation with CBV2 antibody prevalence (rS: 0.45; P = 0.03), CXCL8 (rS: 0.65, P = 0.002) and TNF-α (rS: 0.5, P = 0.01) serum levels in both groups of T1D multiplex-sib family. Furthermore, within these families, there was a positive correlation between HLA class II alleles associated with high risk for T1D and insulinoma-associated protein 2 autoantibody (IA-2A) positivity (odds ratio: 38.8; P = 0.021). However, the HLA protective haplotypes against T1D prevalence was higher in the non-affected than the affected siblings. This study shows that although the prevalence of viral infection is similar among healthy individuals and members from the T1D multiplex-sib families, the innate immune response is higher in the affected and in the non-affected siblings from these families than in the healthy controls. However, autoimmunity against β-islet cells and an absence of protective HLA alleles were only observed in the T1D multiplex-sib members with clinical disease, supporting the importance of the genetic background in the development of T1D and heterogeneity of the interaction between environmental factors and disease pathogenesis despite the high genetic diversity of the Brazilian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Sanchez Bergamin
- Endocrinology Division, Department of Medicine, Diabetes Center, Escola Paulista de Medicina - Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Carla Sanchez Bergamin
| | - Elizabeth Pérez-Hurtado
- Immunology Division, Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitological Department, Escola Paulista de Medicina - Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luanda Oliveira
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies, LIM-56, Department of Dermatology and Tropical Medicine Institute of São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina - Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Monica Gabbay
- Endocrinology Division, Department of Medicine, Diabetes Center, Escola Paulista de Medicina - Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Valdecira Piveta
- Endocrinology Division, Department of Medicine, Diabetes Center, Escola Paulista de Medicina - Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Célia Bittencourt
- Endocrinology Division, Department of Medicine, Diabetes Center, Escola Paulista de Medicina - Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Denise Russo
- Enteric Diseases Laboratory, Virology Center From Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rita de Cássia Carmona
- Enteric Diseases Laboratory, Virology Center From Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Sato
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies, LIM-56, Department of Dermatology and Tropical Medicine Institute of São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina - Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sergio A. Dib
- Endocrinology Division, Department of Medicine, Diabetes Center, Escola Paulista de Medicina - Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Lima-Junior JC, Rodrigues-da-Silva RN, Banic DM, Jiang J, Singh B, Fabrício-Silva GM, Porto LCS, Meyer EVS, Moreno A, Rodrigues MM, Barnwell JW, Galinski MR, de Oliveira-Ferreira J. Influence of HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQB1 alleles on IgG antibody response to the P. vivax MSP-1, MSP-3α and MSP-9 in individuals from Brazilian endemic area. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36419. [PMID: 22649493 PMCID: PMC3359319 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Accepted: 04/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The antibody response generated during malaria infections is of particular interest, since the production of specific IgG antibodies is required for acquisition of clinical immunity. However, variations in antibody responses could result from genetic polymorphism of the HLA class II genes. Given the increasing focus on the development of subunit vaccines, studies of the influence of class II alleles on the immune response in ethnically diverse populations is important, prior to the implementation of vaccine trials. METHODS AND FINDINGS In this study, we evaluated the influence of HLA-DRB1* and -DQB1* allelic groups on the naturally acquired humoral response from Brazilian Amazon individuals (n = 276) against P. vivax Merozoite Surface Protein-1 (MSP-1), MSP-3α and MSP-9 recombinant proteins. Our results provide information concerning these three P. vivax antigens, relevant for their role as immunogenic surface proteins and vaccine candidates. Firstly, the studied population was heterogeneous presenting 13 HLA-DRB1* and 5 DQB1* allelic groups with a higher frequency of HLA-DRB1*04 and HLA-DQB1*03. The proteins studied were broadly immunogenic in a naturally exposed population with high frequency of IgG antibodies against PvMSP1-19 (86.7%), PvMSP-3 (77%) and PvMSP-9 (76%). Moreover, HLA-DRB1*04 and HLA-DQB1*03 alleles were associated with a higher frequency of IgG immune responses against five out of nine antigens tested, while HLA-DRB1*01 was associated with a high frequency of non-responders to repetitive regions of PvMSP-9, and the DRB1*16 allelic group with the low frequency of responders to PvMSP3 full length recombinant protein. CONCLUSIONS HLA-DRB1*04 alleles were associated with high frequency of antibody responses to five out of nine recombinant proteins tested in Rondonia State, Brazil. These features could increase the success rate of future clinical trials based on these vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josué C. Lima-Junior
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Dalma M. Banic
- Laboratório de Simulídeos e Oncocercose, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jianlin Jiang
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Balwan Singh
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Gustavo M. Fabrício-Silva
- Histocompatibility and Cryopreservation Laboratory, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luís C. S. Porto
- Histocompatibility and Cryopreservation Laboratory, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Esmeralda V. S. Meyer
- Laboratório de Simulídeos e Oncocercose, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Alberto Moreno
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Maurício M. Rodrigues
- Centro de Terapia Celular e Molecular (CTCMol), Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - John W. Barnwell
- Division of Parasitic Diseases, CDC/National Center for Infectious Diseases, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Mary R. Galinski
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
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Gabbay MAL, Sato MN, Duarte AJS, Dib SA. Serum titres of anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase-65 and anti-IA-2 autoantibodies are associated with different immunoregulatory milieu in newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes patients. Clin Exp Immunol 2012; 168:60-7. [PMID: 22385239 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2011.04538.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies correlated genetic background and pancreatic islet-cell autoantibody status (type and number) in type 1A diabetes mellitus (T1AD), but there are no data evaluating the relationship among these markers with serum cytokines, regulatory T cells and β cell function. This characterization has a potential importance with regard to T1AD patients' stratification and follow-up in therapeutic prevention. In this study we showed that peripheral sera cytokines [interleukin (IL)-12, IL-6, II-1β, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-10] and chemokines (CXCL10, CXCL8, CXCL9, CCL2) measured were significantly higher in newly diagnosed T1AD patients when compared to healthy controls (P < 0·001). Among T1AD, we found a positive correlation between CXCL10 and CCL-2 (r = 0·80; P = 0·000), IL-8 and TNF-α (r = 0·60; P = 0·000); IL-8 and IL-12 (r = 0·57; P = 0·001) and TNF-α and IL-12 (r = 0·93; P = 0·000). Glutamic acid decarboxylase-65 (GAD-65) autoantibodies (GADA) were associated negatively with CXCL10 (r = -0·45; P = 0·011) and CCL2 (r = -0·65; P = 0·000), while IA-2A showed a negative correlation with IL-10 (r = -0·38; P = 0·027). Human leucocyte antigen (HLA) DR3, DR4 or DR3/DR4 and PTPN22 polymorphism did not show any association with pancreatic islet cell antibodies or cytokines studied. In summary, our results revealed that T1AD have a proinflammatory cytokine profile compared to healthy controls and that IA-2A sera titres seem to be associated with a more inflammatory peripheral cytokine/chemokine profile than GADA. A confirmation of these data in the pre-T1AD phase could help to explain the mechanistic of the well-known role of IA-2A as a more specific marker of beta-cell damage than GADA during the natural history of T1AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Andrade Lima Gabbay
- Diabetes Center, Endocrinology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo-Immunology Laboratory, Rua Pedro de Toledo 781/12, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Ferreira ACS, Gomes KB, Sampaio IBM, Oliveira VCD, Pardini VC, Godard ALB. Type 1 diabetes susceptibility determined by HLA alleles and CTLA-4 and insulin genes polymorphisms in Brazilians. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 53:368-73. [PMID: 19578600 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-27302009000300012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2008] [Accepted: 02/04/2009] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Type 1A diabetes mellitus (T1ADM) is a multifactorial disease in which genetic and environmental aspects are important to its development. The association of genetic variations with disease has been demonstrated in several studies; however, the role of some gene loci has not yet been fully elucidated. OBJECTIVE To compare the frequency of HLA alleles and polymorphism in CTLA-4 and insulin genes in Brazilians with T1ADM and individuals without the disease, as well as to identify genetic markers that are able to discriminate between diabetic and non-diabetic individuals. METHODS The presence of HLA DQB1, DQA1 and DRB1 alleles, as well as the -2221 MspI polymorphism in the insulin gene and 49 A/G in the CTLA-4 gene were identified by the 'Time-resolved fluorometer' technique after hybridization with probes labeled with Eu (III) / Sm (III) and Tb (III). RESULTS The DQB1 *0302 and DQA1 *03 alleles were identified as predisposed to T1ADM, and the DQB1 *0301 allele presented a protective effect against the disease.The DQA1 label proved to be able to differentiate between 71.13% of the diabetic and non-diabetic individuals.This value increased to 82.47% when the DQB1 label was added. No significant difference in the frequency of polymorphisms in the insulin and CTLA-4 genes was observed between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS The genetic markers that best characterized and discriminated diabetic and non-diabetic individuals were the HLA DQA1 and DQB1.alleles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Clayton Souza Ferreira
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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Brandao LC, Vatta S, Guimaraes R, Segat L, Araujo J, De Lima Filho JL, Arraes LC, Not T, Crovella S. Rapid genetic screening for major human leukocyte antigen risk haplotypes in patients with type 1 diabetes from Northeastern Brazil. Hum Immunol 2010; 71:277-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2009.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2009] [Revised: 12/01/2009] [Accepted: 12/17/2009] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Lima-Junior JC, Banic DM, Tran TM, Meyer VSE, De-Simone SG, Santos F, Porto LCS, Marques MTQ, Moreno A, Barnwell JW, Galinski MR, Oliveira-Ferreira J. Promiscuous T-cell epitopes of Plasmodium merozoite surface protein 9 (PvMSP9) induces IFN-gamma and IL-4 responses in individuals naturally exposed to malaria in the Brazilian Amazon. Vaccine 2010; 28:3185-91. [PMID: 20189487 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2009] [Revised: 01/28/2010] [Accepted: 02/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Plasmodium vivax merozoite surface protein (PvMSP9) stimulates both cellular and humoral immune responses in individuals who are naturally infected by this parasite species. To identify immunodominant human T-cell epitopes in PvMSP9, we used the MHC class II binding peptide prediction algorithm ProPred. Eleven synthetic peptides representing predicted putative promiscuous T-cell epitopes were tested in IFN-gamma and IL-4 ELISPOT assays using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) derived from 142 individuals from Rondonia State, Brazil who had been naturally exposed to P. vivax infections. To determine whether the predicted epitopes are preferentially recognized in the context of multiple alleles, MHC Class II typing of the cohort was also performed. Five synthetic peptides elicited robust cellular responses, and the overall frequencies of IFN-gamma and IL-4 responders to at least one of the promiscuous peptides were 62% and 46%, respectively. The frequencies of IFN-gamma and IL-4 responders to each peptide were not associated with a particular HLA-DRB1 allelic group since most of the peptides induced a response in individuals of 12 out of 13 studied allelic groups. The prediction of promiscuous epitopes using ProPred led to the identification of immunodominant epitopes recognized by PBMC from a significant proportion of a genetically heterogeneous population exposed to malaria infections. The combination of several such T-cell epitopes in a vaccine construct may increase the frequency of responders and the overall efficacy of subunit vaccines in genetically distinct populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Lima-Junior
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Institute Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Dib SA, Gomes MB. Etiopathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus: prognostic factors for the evolution of residual beta cell function. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2009; 1:25. [PMID: 19961609 PMCID: PMC2797766 DOI: 10.1186/1758-5996-1-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2009] [Accepted: 12/04/2009] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1A diabetes mellitus (T1ADM) is a progressive autoimmune disease mediated by T lymphocytes with destruction of beta cells. Up to now, we do not have precise methods to assess the beta cell mass, "in vivo" or "ex-vivo". The studies about its genetic susceptibility show strong association with class II antigens of the HLA system (particularly DQ). Others genetics associations are weaker and depend on the population studied. A combination of precipitating events may occur at the beginning of the disease. There is a silent loss of immune-mediated beta cells mass which velocity has an inverse relation with the age, but it is influenced by genetic and metabolic factors. We can predict the development of the disease primarily through the determination of four biochemically islet auto antibodies against antigens like insulin, GAD65, IA2 and Znt8. Beta cell destruction is chronically progressive but at clinical diagnosis of the disease a reserve of these cells still functioning. The goal of secondary disease prevention is halt the autoimmune attack on beta cells by redirecting or dampening the immune system. It is remains one of the foremost therapeutic goals in the T1ADM. Glycemic intensive control and immunotherapeutic agents may preserve beta-cell function in newly diagnosed patients with T1ADM. It may be assessed through C-peptide values, which are important for glycemic stability and for the prevention of chronic complications of this disease. This article will summarize the etiopathogenesis mechanisms of this disease and the factors can influence on residual C-peptide and the strategies to it preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio A Dib
- Endocrinology Division, Department of Medicine of Federal University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marilia B Gomes
- Diabetes Division, Department of Medicine of State University of Rio de Janeiro, GB, Brazil
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Mory DB, Rocco ER, Miranda WL, Kasamatsu T, Crispim F, Dib SA. Prevalence of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms FokI and BsmI in Brazilian individuals with type 1 diabetes and their relation to β-cell autoimmunity and to remaining β-cell function. Hum Immunol 2009; 70:447-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2009.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2008] [Revised: 02/17/2009] [Accepted: 03/02/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Balancing selection and heterogeneity across the classical human leukocyte antigen loci: a meta-analytic review of 497 population studies. Hum Immunol 2008; 69:443-64. [PMID: 18638659 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2008.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2008] [Revised: 05/03/2008] [Accepted: 05/07/2008] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a meta-analysis of high-resolution human leukocyte antigen (HLA) allele frequency data describing 497 population samples. Most of the datasets were compiled from studies published in eight journals from 1990 to 2007; additional datasets came from the International Histocompatibility Workshops and from the AlleleFrequencies.net database. In all, these data represent approximately 66,800 individuals from throughout the world, providing an opportunity to observe trends that may not have been evident at the time the data were originally analyzed, especially with regard to the relative importance of balancing selection among the HLA loci. Population genetic measures of allele frequency distributions were summarized across populations by locus and geographic region. A role for balancing selection maintaining much of HLA variation was confirmed. Further, the breadth of this meta-analysis allowed the ranking of the HLA loci, with DQA1 and HLA-C showing the strongest balancing selection and DPB1 being compatible with neutrality. Comparisons of the allelic spectra reported by studies since 1990 indicate that most of the HLA alleles identified since 2000 are very-low-frequency alleles. The literature-based allele-count data, as well as maps summarizing the geographic distributions for each allele, are available online.
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Sadahiro A, Roque ACM, Shikanai-Yasuda MA. Generic human leukocyte antigen class II (DRB1 and DQB1) alleles in patients with paracoccidioidomycosis. Med Mycol 2007; 45:35-40. [PMID: 17325942 DOI: 10.1080/13693780600999132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II alleles are involved in antigen processing and in the presentation of antigens to T lymphocytes. Few studies have investigated HLA genes in paracoccidioidomycosis. In the present investigation, we analyzed the distribution of the HLA class II alleles DRB1 and DQB1 in 45 healthy volunteers and in 80 patients with paracoccidioidomycosis. The patients presented with various clinical forms of the disease, and allele distribution was evaluated individually in each presentation type. In patients with the unifocal chronic form of the disease, a mild clinical presentation in which lesions are restricted or localized, the HLA allele most commonly seen was DRB1*11 (p<0.039). This suggests that the participation of HLA antigens may influence the outcome of the host-parasite interaction in paracoccidioidomycosis, regulating the immune response to Paracoccidioides brasiliensis antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Sadahiro
- Department of Parasitology, Federal University of Amazonas, Biological Sciences Institute, Manaus, Brazil
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Alves C, Meyer I, Vieira N, Toralles MBP, LeMaire D. Distribuição e freqüência de alelos e haplotipos HLA em brasileiros com diabetes melito tipo 1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 50:436-44. [PMID: 16936983 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-27302006000300005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2005] [Accepted: 03/22/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A predisposição genética ao diabetes melito tipo 1 (DM1) é associada a múltiplos genes do sistema de histocompatibilidade humano (HLA) de classe II. Em caucasianos, os antígenos HLA-DR3 e -DR4 são associados à susceptibilidade e o -DR2, à proteção. No Brasil, um país constituído por grande miscigenação entre caucasianos europeus, índios nativos e negros africanos, a base genética do DM1 tem sido pouco estudada. O objetivo desse trabalho foi apresentar uma revisão crítica dos artigos indexados nos bancos de dados MEDLINE e LILACS-BIREME sobre a associação do HLA com DM1 em brasileiros. Todos os oito estudos encontrados foram realizados no sudeste do país. A susceptibilidade imunogenética para o DM1 em brasileiros foi associada com os alelos HLA-DRB1*03, -DRB1*04, -DQB1*0201, -DQB1*0302 e a proteção com os alelos -DQB1*0602 e -DQB1*0301 e os antígenos -DR2 e -DR7. Por ser o Brasil constituído por grande miscigenação, não se pode extrapolar para todo o país estudos realizados em apenas uma região. Faz-se necessário pesquisar populações de várias regiões, analisando sua diversidade alélica para identificar novas associações ou reforçar aquelas já existentes. Esse conhecimento contribuirá para futuras intervenções profiláticas e terapêuticas nos grupos de brasileiros com maior risco de desenvolver DM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crésio Alves
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Plínio Moscoso 222, 40157-190 Salvador, BA.
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Lombard Z, Brune AE, Hoal EG, Babb C, Van Helden PD, Epplen JT, Bornman L. HLA class II disease associations in southern Africa. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 67:97-110. [PMID: 16441480 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2006.00530.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Southern Africa harbors several population groups representing a diversity of gene pool origins. This provides a unique opportunity to study genetic disease predisposition in these populations against a common environmental background. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) association studies of these populations could improve knowledge on inter-population variation and HLA-related disease susceptibility. The aim of this paper is to review HLA class II disease associations reported for southern African population groups, compare them with findings in other populations and identify those unique to southern Africa. A number of HLA class II disease associations appear to be unique to southern African populations. These include DRB1*14011 association with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus susceptibility in the Xhosa and DRB1*10 and DQB1*0302 with rheumatoid arthritis susceptibility in the South African (SA) Indian and SA Coloreds, respectively. A noteworthy similarity in class II disease association was observed among southern African Caucasoid and their European parental populations. Unique HLA class II disease associations observed in southern Africa are consistent with the notion that unique environmental and natural selective factors have resulted in certain ethnic-specific HLA class II disease associations, while common HLA class II disease associations found across different populations support the notion that common diseases are caused by common, ancient alleles present in indigenous African populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Lombard
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa
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Gabbay MAL, Bussad E, Persoli L, Volpini W, Dib SA. Diabetes mellitus in a young Amazon Indian child. SAO PAULO MED J 2005; 123:93-5. [PMID: 15947838 DOI: 10.1590/s1516-31802005000200012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Although type 2 diabetes has been described among American Indian children, no case of type 1 diabetes has been reported in the literature. CASE REPORT We report the first case of diabetes in a South American Indian child from the tropical rainforest, who was positive for IA2 autoantibodies and genetic markers of susceptibility to type 1 diabetes, but also demonstrated residual beta cell function four years after diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mônica Andrade Lima Gabbay
- Diabetes Center, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Boptucatu 740, São Paulo, Brazil, CEP 04034-9826
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Silva MER, Ursich MJ, Rocha DM, Fukui RT, Correia MR, Marui S, Alves LI, Santos RF, Wajchenberg BL. Diabetes autoimune em adultos: características clínicas e autoanticorpos. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1590/s0004-27302003000300008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Avaliamos a prevalência dos anticorpos anti-insulina (IAA), anti-decarboxilase do ácido glutâmico (anti-GAD), anti-ilhota de Langerhans (ICA) e as características clínicas e metabólicas de 66 pacientes com diabetes mellitus (DM) de início na idade adulta (47,2±11,6 anos) e duração do DM de 14,3±8,4 anos. RESULTADOS: ICA foi positivo em 10 casos (10 a 640U JDF), três deles também positivos para anti-GAD (15,6 a 113,5U/ml) e um deles para IAA (naqueles sem terapia insulínica). 15,2% dos pacientes tinham um ou mais autoanticorpos, com maior prevalência para ICA. Os pacientes com e sem autoanticorpos não diferiram quanto à apresentação clínica do DM ou à prevalência de complicações. Apenas os níveis de colesterol foram menores no grupo anticorpo positivo (205,2±49,6 vs. 247,1±61,3mg/dl; p<0,05). CONCLUSÃO: 15,2% dos pacientes com DM de início na idade adulta tinham um ou mais autoanticorpos, com maior prevalência para ICA. A determinação de autoanticorpos é necessária para o diagnóstico do DM autoimune.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mileni J.M. Ursich
- Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Dalva M. Rocha
- Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Rosa T. Fukui
- Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Márcia R.S. Correia
- Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Suemi Marui
- Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Lais I. Alves
- Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Rosa F. Santos
- Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil
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