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Suvankar S, Padhi S, Bagabir HA, Pati A, Wahid M, Mandal RK, Haque S, Panda AK. Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4 (CTLA4) polymorphisms are linked to systemic lupus erythematosus: an updated meta-analysis. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2023:1-18. [PMID: 36597619 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2022.2163817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) molecule controls T cell immune response. Functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CTLA-4 gene have been associated with several autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, the genetic association of the CTLA-4 variants with vulnerability to SLE remained contradictory. We have conducted a current meta-analysis by combining the findings of prior published articles in order to make a conclusive statement. Various literature databases were screened with appropriate keywords to obtain relevant articles, and eligible reports were obtained using well-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Meta-analysis was performed by Comprehensive Meta-analysis V 3.3, and various statistical parameters such as odds ratio, 95% confidence interval, and probability values were computed. A total of 3847 SLE patients and 5278 healthy controls were considered in the present meta-analysis from 26 individual reports. A significant association of CTLA-4 +49 A/G (G vs. A: p=0.03, OR=1.47) and -1722 T/C (p=0.02, OR=0.87) polymorphisms were observed with susceptibility and resistance against the development of SLE, respectively. However, the other two SNPs in the CTLA-4 gene (-318 C/T and -1661 A/G) failed to establish a connection. Interestingly, subgroup analysis revealed an association of CTLA-4 +49 A/G with a predisposition to SLE only in the Asian population (G vs. A: p=0.04, OR=1.26, GG vs. AA: p=0.02, OR=1.84, AG vs AA: p=0.01, OR=1.44, GG+AG vs AA: p=0.01, OR=1.52) and not in Caucasians. The current meta-analysis suggests a significant CTLA-4 +49 A/G variant association with susceptibility to SLE development in overall and Asian populations. In contrast, the other variant, -1722 T/C, is linked with protection against SLE. However, further case-control studies in diverse ethnic populations are requisite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subham Suvankar
- Department of Biotechnology, Berhampur University, Bhanja bihar, Berhampur, Odisha, India
| | - Sunali Padhi
- Department of Biotechnology, Berhampur University, Bhanja bihar, Berhampur, Odisha, India
| | - Hala Abubaker Bagabir
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abhijit Pati
- Department of Biotechnology, Berhampur University, Bhanja bihar, Berhampur, Odisha, India
| | - Mohd Wahid
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raju K Mandal
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Aditya K Panda
- Department of Biotechnology, Berhampur University, Bhanja bihar, Berhampur, Odisha, India
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Kailashiya J, Kailashiya V, Singh U. CTLA4 gene polymorphism and its association with disease occurrence, clinical manifestations, serum markers and cytokine levels in SLE patients from North India. Indian J Dermatol 2022; 67:311. [DOI: 10.4103/ijd.ijd_82_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Yu L, Shao M, Zhou T, Xie H, Wang F, Kong J, Xu S, Shuai Z, Pan F. Association of CTLA-4 (+49 A/G) polymorphism with susceptibility to autoimmune diseases: A meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 96:107617. [PMID: 33866246 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In recent years, more and more studies have been focusing on the association between Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) (+49 A/G) gene polymorphism and autoimmune diseases. However, the results of previous studies are still controversial. The meta-analysis is aiming at determining the association in CTLA-4 (+49 A/G) gene rs231775 polymorphism and ankylosing spondylitis (AS), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Chinese Biomedical Database (CBM) up to November 2020, use random or fixed-effect models to perform meta-analysis to compare alleles and other genetic models, including homozygous, heterozygous, recessive and dominant models. The odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was used to assess the correlation between CTLA-4 (+49 A/G) gene polymorphism and the genetic affectability of AS, RA, and SLE. Meanwhile, we used sequential trial analysis (TSA) to analyze the reliability of the results. Finally, we searched the relevant data of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to further verify the accuracy of the experimental results. RESULTS 47 studies with 11,893 cases and 12,032 healthy controls were included. The rs231775 G allele was relevant to high risk of autoimmune disease over all people (P < 0.05). The G allele of rs231775 was significantly related to RA susceptibility (P < 0.05), but not with AS or SLE. Subgroup analysis by ethnicity indicated that rs231775 G allele was closely related to RA in Caucasian populations and Mongolian populations (P < 0.05). A strong connection within rs231775 G allele and AS affectability was uncovered in Caucasian populations (P < 0.05). The analysis of the TSA shows that the meta-analysis can draw the conclusion. CONCLUSION CTLA-4 (+49 A/G) gene rs231775 G allele increases the risk of autoimmune diseases in Caucasian populations. And it also increases the risk of RA in Caucasian and Mongolian populations. More sample size and more elaborately designed studies are needed to elucidate the relationship in CTLA-4 (+49 A/G) gene rs231775 G allele and autoimmune diseases, especially AS, SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxiang Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ming Shao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Huimin Xie
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Feier Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jiangping Kong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shenqian Xu
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunity, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
| | - Zongwen Shuai
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunity, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
| | - Faming Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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Alghamdi SA, Kattan SW, Toraih EA, Alrowaili MG, Fawzy MS, Elshazli RM. Association of AIRE (rs2075876), but not CTLA4 (rs231775) polymorphisms with systemic lupus erythematosus. Gene 2021; 768:145270. [PMID: 33122082 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The AIRE (rs2075876) and CTLA4 (rs231775) variants have a crucial function in controlling the negative selection and suppression of T lymphocytes. Numerous reports studied the association of AIRE and CTLA4 variants with different autoimmune disorders, but with inconclusive conclusions. The main purpose of this work is to evaluate the association of these two variants with SLE susceptibility among Egyptian patients. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A total of 247 participants (100 SLE patients and 147 healthy controls) were enrolled in this case-controlled study. The genomic DNA of these dual variants was genotyped using the TaqMan genotyping method. RESULTS The AIRE (rs2075876) variant conferred protection against developing SLE disease under allelic [A allele vs. G allele; OR = 0.16, 95%CI = 0.09-0.28], and dominant [GA + AA vs. GG; OR = 0.14, 95%CI = 0.05-0.34] models. Moreover, patients with AIRE rs2075876 (A/A) genotype revealed a statistically significant with lower levels of complement 3 (p-value = 0.007). Nonetheless, the CTLA4 (rs231775) variant was not associated with increased risk of SLE under all genetic association models (p-value > 0.05). However, CTLA4 rs231775 (G/G) genotype observed significant difference with recurrent infection and hematuria. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicated that the AIRE (rs2075876) variant conferred protection against developing SLE disease, but not the CTLA4 (rs231775) variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh A Alghamdi
- Medical Genetics, Clinical Laboratory Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Shahad W Kattan
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Yanbu, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman A Toraih
- Department of Surgery, Tulane University, School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA; Genetics Unit, Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Egypt
| | - Majed G Alrowaili
- Department of Surgery (Orthopedic Division), Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal S Fawzy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rami M Elshazli
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Unit, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Horus University - Egypt, New Damietta 34518, Egypt.
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Kailashiya V, Sharma HB, Kailashiya J. Role of CTLA4 A49G polymorphism in systemic lupus erythematosus and its geographical distribution. J Clin Pathol 2019; 72:659-662. [DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2019-206013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein-4) or CD152 is an inhibitory receptor expressed constitutively on CD4+ CD25+ T regulatory lymphocytes and transiently on activated CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. Its inhibitory function promotes long-lived anergy in immune cells and prevents autoimmunity. Therefore, it plays a crucial role in T cell-mediated autoimmunity, and thus in susceptibility to autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). It is encoded by CTLA4 gene in humans. AtoG polymorphism at position +49 of CTLA4 gene is the only polymorphism which changes amino acid sequence from alanine to threonine in the leader sequence, which may affect the function of CTLA-4. Association of CTLA4 polymorphisms with SLE has been investigated in several reports in different ethnic populations from different countries, which have shown highly inconsistent findings. In this review, we have compiled previous studies which have reported the association of CTLA4 A49G polymorphism in SLE and its geographical distribution.
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Shih YL, Lu HF, Hsiao CW, Ho KT, Chen PC, Huang CN, Chang Y, Kao SJ, Shiau MY, Chang YH. Distribution of Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte-Associated Antigen-4 Promoter Polymorphisms in Taiwanese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Med Sci 2018; 15:395-402. [PMID: 29511375 PMCID: PMC5835710 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.23097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with chronic inflammation, suggesting the metabolic abnormalities are originated from or exacerbated by cytokine overproduction. Cytokines and counter-regulatory molecules are crucial in keeping the balance of immune responses and, therefore, are potential candidates involved in T2DM etiology, development and complications. Our previous reports identify several significant associations between the genotypes of cytokine genes and T2DM and/or the clinical lipid parameters, which strongly suggest the participation of immune-regulatory molecules in lipid metabolism. The aim of this study is to determine the distribution of gene encoding cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4), a T-cell negative regulator, in T2DM patients and health subjects. Genomic DNA was extracted from 287 Taiwanese T2DM patients and 278 ethnic- and age- matched healthy subjects, and two CTLA-4 polymorphisms (-318 C/T and +49 A/G) were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Intriguingly, CTLA-4 -318 genotype was associated with circulatory triglycerides in T2DM subjects (P=0.019) although no significant association between CTLA-4 -318 (P=0.119) and +49 (P=0.2) genotypes with T2DM was identified. In addition, CTLA-4 +49 genotype was significantly associated with the ratio between total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein (P=0.004) in control subjects. Our results suggest that CTLA-4 may be involved in lipid metabolism and affect T2DM disease progression and/or the development of diabetic complications although this gene does not represent a major risk factor for T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Luen Shih
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei.,School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City
| | - Hsu-Feng Lu
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei
| | - Chiao-Wan Hsiao
- Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang-Ming University and Academia Sinica, Taipei.,Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei
| | - Kuo-Ting Ho
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei.,Hi-Q Clinical Laboratory, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, PRC
| | - Pei-Chi Chen
- Divisions of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei
| | - Chien-Ning Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung
| | - Yuanmay Chang
- Department of Long Term Care, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City
| | - Shang-Jyh Kao
- Pulmonary Division, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei
| | - Ming-Yuh Shiau
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Hungkuang University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Hsin Chang
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei
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Association of -319 C/T and +49 A/G polymorphisms of CTLA-4 gene in patients with hepatitis C virus infection. Med Clin (Barc) 2017; 150:251-256. [PMID: 29033194 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2017.06.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE Molecular changes in the CTLA-4 gene can modify the ability to control T lymphocyte proliferation, and promote the persistence or elimination of the hepatitis C virus (HCV). We aimed to investigate the frequency and association of -319 C/T and +49 A/G polymorphism in the CTLA-4 gene in patients infected with HCV. METHODS The CTLA-4 gene polymorphisms (-319 C/T in the promoter region, and +49 A/G in exon 1) were analysed by T-ARMS-PCR in 420 individuals, including 205 chronic HCV infected patients and 215 healthy subjects. RESULTS We found a positive association of +49G allele with HCV infection (OR 1.48; 95% CI 1.09-2.02; p=.02), and with males (OR 1.80; 95% CI 1.16-2.79; p=.02), both in chronic disease (without cirrhosis). Also, significant differences in +49 A/G genotypes distribution between HCV infected patients and healthy subjects were shown in a dominant genetic model (GG+GA versus AA; OR 1.57; 95% CI 1.05-2.33; p=.04). No significant differences were observed in the -319 C/T polymorphism between HCV infected patients and healthy subjects. Moreover, -319C/+49G haplotype confers susceptibility to HCV genotype 3 infection (OR 10.68; 95% CI 1.17-96.97; p=.04). CONCLUSIONS The +49G allele confers susceptibility to HCV infection and with male gender, both in chronic disease. In addition, the -319C/+49G haplotype confers susceptibility to HCV genotype 3 infection. Our results support an important role of the -319 C/T and +49 A/G polymorphisms in HCV infection.
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Gupta U, Mir SS, Garg N, Agarwal SK, Pande S, Mittal B. Association study of inflammatory genes with rheumatic heart disease in North Indian population: A multi-analytical approach. Immunol Lett 2016; 174:53-62. [PMID: 27118427 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2016.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is an inflammatory, autoimmune disease; occurring as a consequence of group A streptococcal infection complicated by rheumatic fever (RF). An inappropriate immune response is the central signature tune to the complex pathogenesis of RHD. However, some of those infected develop RHD, and genetic host susceptibility factors are thought to play a key role in diseasedevelopment. Therefore, the present study was designed to explore the role of genetic variants in inflammatory genes in conferring risk of RHD. The study recruited total of 700 subjects, including 400 RHD patients and 300 healthy controls. We examined the associations of 8 selected polymorphisms in seven inflammatory genes: IL-6 [rs1800795G/C], IL-10 [rs1800896G/A], TNF-A [rs1800629G/A], IL-1β [rs2853550C/T], IL-1VNTR [rs2234663], TGF-β1 [rs1800469C/T]; [rs1982073T/C], and CTLA-4 [rs5742909C/T] with RHD risk. Genotyping for all the polymorphisms was done using PCR-ARMS/PCR/RFLP methods. Multifactor dimensionality reduction and classification and regression tree approaches were combined with logistic regression to discover high-order gene-gene interactions in studiedgenes involved in RHD susceptibility.In univariate logistic regression analysis, we found significant association of variant-containing genotypes (CT&TT) of TGF-β1 869T/C [rs1982073]; [p=0.0.004 & 0.001, OR (95% CI)=1.65 (1.2-2.3) & 2.25 (1.4-3.6) respectively], variant genotype (CC) of IL-1β -511C/T [rs2853550]; [p=0.001, OR (95% CI)=2.33 (1.4-3.8)] and IL-1 VNTR [rs2234663]; [p=0.03, OR (95% CI)=5.25 (1.2-23.4)] SNPs with RHD risk. CART analysis revealed that individuals with the combined genotypes of TGF-β1T/C_ rs1982073 (CT/TT) and IL-1 β_ rs2853550 (CC) had significantly higher susceptibility for RHD [p=0.0005, OR (95% CI)=5.91 (2.9-12.5)]. In MDR analysis, TGF-β1 869T>C yielded the highest testing accuracy of 0.562. In conclusion, using multi-analytical approaches, our study revealed important role of TGF-β1 869T/C [rs1982073] in RHD susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usha Gupta
- Department of Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow, India
| | - Snober S Mir
- Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Naveen Garg
- Department of Cardiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow, India
| | - Surendra K Agarwal
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow, India
| | - Shantanu Pande
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow, India
| | - Balraj Mittal
- Department of Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow, India.
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Association of CTLA4 exon-1 polymorphism with the tumor necrosis factor-α in the risk of systemic lupus erythematosus among South Indians. Hum Immunol 2015; 77:158-64. [PMID: 26582004 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2015] [Revised: 10/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated-antigen (CTLA4) is a potential negative regulatory molecule of T-cells and associated with several autoimmune diseases. Several reports from different ethnic groups showed that the polymorphisms of the CTLA4 gene have been associated with autoimmune diseases including SLE. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the +49 A/G polymorphism in South Indian SLE patients and its association with disease aetiology and serological markers. A total of 534 samples were genotyped for the +49 A/G polymorphism in exon 1 of the CTLA-4 gene through PCR-RFLP method. We found significant association of genotype and allele frequencies with +49 A/G polymorphism in SLE patients. The frequency of the +49 A/G polymorphism rs231775 'GG' genotype was significantly higher in patients with SLE (12.32%) than those in healthy control subjects (4.6%) (OR: 1.797; 95% CI 1.264-2.554; p=0.001). The frequency of mutant allele 'G' also found to be significantly higher in cases (36.01%) than controls (24.92%) (OR: 1.695, 95% CI: 1.298-2.214, p<0.001). We observed significant increase in serum TNF-α, interferon-α, IL-10 and IL-12 in SLE cases compared to controls. We also found a significant association of serum TNF-α, interferon-α, IL-10 and IL-12 with SLE phenotypes. In addition there was a significant increase in serum TNF-α level in "GG" genotype SLE subjects suggesting that it might play a major role in the advancement of SLE disease.
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Gao JW, Zhou ZH, Guo SC, Guo YF, Guo F. A deeper understanding of the association between CTLA4 +49A/G and acute rejection in renal transplantation: an updated meta-analysis. Ren Fail 2014; 37:165-74. [PMID: 25299395 DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2014.970470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To reevaluate the association between the costimulatory molecule cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen4 (CTLA4) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) +49A/G and acute rejection (AR) in renal transplantation, nine studies published before June 2013 were analyzed. Meta-analysis and cumulative meta-analysis (metacum) were performed for each genotype in a random/fixed effect model. The combined odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated to estimate the strength of the association. In the sensitivity analysis, a single study involved in the meta-analysis was deleted each time to investigate the influence of the individual data sets on the pooled ORs. Meta-analysis regression was used for some influence factors, such as year of publication, total number in each group (AR group and control group), ethnicity, the ratio of GG to GA + AA, the ratio of G to A in CTLA4 +49A/G. Overall, a significant correlation was noted between the CTLA4 SNP (+49A/G) and the risk of AR (for GG vs. AG + AA: OR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.05-1.73, p = 0.02; for G vs. A: OR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.03-1.42, p = 0.02), especially in the Asian subgroup (for GG vs. AG + AA: OR = 1.79, 95% CI = 1.15-2.78, p = 0.009; for G vs. A: OR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.04-2.07, p = 0.03). Of the influence factors, the ratio of GG to GA+AA (p = 0.046) and the ratio of G to A (p = 0.017) were significant factors. In conclusion, our results suggest that CTLA4 +49A/G contribute to the risk of AR following renal transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Wei Gao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , China
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Shojaa M, Aghaie M, Amoli M, Javid N, Shakeri F, Khashayar P, Tabarraei A, Keshtkar AA, Joshaghani HR, Kouroshnia A, Qorbani M, Mahmoudi F, Mohebbi R, Ranjbarpour N. Association between 318C/T polymorphism of the CTLA-4
gene and systemic lupus erythematosus in Iranian patients. Int J Rheum Dis 2014; 20:2040-2044. [DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.12275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahdieh Shojaa
- Golestan University of Medical Sciences; Gorgan Iran
- Osteoporosis Research Center; Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Mehrdad Aghaie
- Department of Rheumatology; Faculty of Medicine; Bone Joint and Connective Tissue Research Center (BJCRC); Golestan University of Medical Sciences; Gorgan Iran
| | - Mahsa Amoli
- Endocrinology & Metabolism Research Center (EMRC); Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Naemeh Javid
- Golestan University of Medical Sciences; Gorgan Iran
| | | | - Patricia Khashayar
- Osteoporosis Research Center; Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | | | - Abbas A. Keshtkar
- Osteoporosis Research Center; Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | | | - Arghavan Kouroshnia
- Endocrinology & Metabolism Research Center (EMRC); Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Department of Public Health; Alborz University of Medical Sciences; Karaj Iran
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center; Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Faranak Mahmoudi
- Genetics Department; Islamic Azad University Tehran; Tehran Medical Branch; Tehran Iran
| | - Ramin Mohebbi
- Medical School; Shahed University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Neda Ranjbarpour
- Genetics Department; Islamic Azad University Tehran; Tehran Medical Branch; Tehran Iran
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Chen M, Chang Y, Tang F, Xie QH, Li J, Yang H, He XX, Lin JS. Influence of cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 polymorphisms on the outcomes of hepatitis B virus infection. Mol Med Rep 2013; 9:645-52. [PMID: 24270470 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) regulates T-cell activation and Th1/Th2 cytokine production and is involved in the immune response against Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. To detect the association of the CTLA-4 gene polymorphisms with susceptibility to HBV infection a hospital-based case-control study was conducted. A total of 1,119 unrelated individuals were recruited. The CTLA-4 variants rs5742909, rs231775 and rs3087243 were genotyped via the TaqMan method in this cohort. A comparison with a chronic active hepatitis B group revealed that the SNP rs231775 exhibited significant susceptibility to HBV progression, with the highest odds ratio (OR) reaching 1.659 and P=0.009-0.049. Although an HBV clearance group was used as a control, results of the present study demonstrated an association of rs5742909 with viral persistence [OR=1.694, 95% confidence intervals (CI)=1.124-2.553 and P=0.012]. Subsequent analyses revealed risk haplotypes (C-A-A and T-A-G, for which the highest OR reached 1.865) compared with the protective haplotype C-G-G. Therefore, SNPs in the CTLA-4 gene may be associated with HBV progression and viral persistence which is consistent with its emerging role in the T regulatory cells in the pathogenesis of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Chen
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Ying Chang
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Feng Tang
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Qiong-Hui Xie
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Jin Li
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Hong Yang
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Xing-Xing He
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Ju-Sheng Lin
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
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Zhai JX, Zou LW, Zhang ZX, Fan WJ, Wang HY, Liu T, Ren Z, Dai RX, Ye D. CTLA-4 polymorphisms and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE): a meta-analysis. Mol Biol Rep 2013; 40:5213-23. [PMID: 23922195 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-2125-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to summarize results on the association of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) promoter exon-1 +49 and 1722T/C polymorphism with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) susceptibility by using the meta-analysis. We searched all the publications about the association between CTLA-4) promoter exon-1 +49 and 1722T/C polymorphism and SLE from PubMed, Elsevier Science Direct, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang (Chinese). Previous CTLA-4 association studies with SLE, however, have produced inconsistent results. We have performed a meta-analysis to better assess the purported associations. A total of 17 independent studies (to June 2012) testing association between one or more CTLA-4 polymorphisms and SLE were used in this analysis. We have compared allele and genotype frequencies at two polymorphic sites found in exon-1 (at +49) and the promoter region (at -1722). The data demonstrate that the exon-1 +49 polymorphism is associated with SLE susceptibility in Asian population. The overall risk, measured by odds ratio (OR), stratification by ethnicity indicates the exon-1 +49 GG+GA genotype is associated with SLE, at least in Asians (OR = 0.85, 95 % CI = 0.73-0.99, P = 0.04 for GG+GA vs. AA; OR = 0.85, 95 % CI = 0.72-1.00, P = 0.05 for AG vs. AA). Similar trends are found in allele-specific risk estimates and disease association. Overall, there was significant association between the 1722T/C polymorphism and overall SLE risks (OR = 0.78, 95 % CI = 0.63-0.97, P = 0.04 for GG+GA vs. AA, OR = 0.87, 95 % CI = 0.76-0.99, P = 0.04 for G vs. A) in Asian population.In summary, this meta-analysis demonstrates that the CTLA-4 promoter +49A/G and promoter -1722C/T polymorphism may confer susceptibility to SLE, especially in Asian-derived population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Xia Zhai
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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14
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Shojaa M, Javid N, Amoli M, Shakeri F, Samaei NM, Aghaie M, Khashayar P, Livani S. No evidence of association betweenCTLA-4polymorphisms and systemic lupus erythematosus in Iranian patients. Int J Rheum Dis 2013; 16:681-4. [DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.12097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahdieh Shojaa
- Protection Unit of Clinical Research Center; Golestan University of Medical Sciences; Gorgan Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Naemeh Javid
- Faculty of Medicine; Department of Microbiology; Infection Disease Research Center; Golestan University of Medical Sciences; Gorgan Iran
| | - Mahsa Amoli
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Fatemeh Shakeri
- Department of Microbiology; Payam Noor University of Golestan; Gorgan Iran
| | - Nader M. Samaei
- Department of Genetics; Congenital Malformations Research Center; OMICS Research Center; Hematology and Oncology Research Center; Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan Iran
| | - Mehrdad Aghaie
- Faculty of Medicine; Department of Rheumatology; Bone Joint and Connective Tissue Research Center (BJCRC); Golestan University of Medical Sciences; Gorgan Iran
| | - Patricia Khashayar
- Osteoporosis Research Center; Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Sedigheh Livani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
- Faculty of Medicine; Department of Microbiology; Infection Disease Research Center; Golestan University of Medical Sciences; Gorgan Iran
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15
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−1722T/C polymorphism (rs733618) of CTLA-4 significantly associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE): A comprehensive meta-analysis. Hum Immunol 2013; 74:341-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2012.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2012] [Revised: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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16
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AlFadhli S. Overexpression and secretion of the soluble CTLA-4 splice variant in various autoimmune diseases and in cases with overlapping autoimmunity. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2013; 17:336-41. [PMID: 23448385 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2012.0391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To explore the potential genetic association of CTLA-4 Exon1 +49A/G and 3'UTR (AT)(n) to susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and overlapping (OP) autoimmunity; affected with more than one autoimmune disease. Expression of two major CTLA-4 isoforms; full length (mCTLA-4) and soluble (sCTLA-4) were explored in all subjects. A total of 680-age/gender/ethnically matched Kuwaitis were recruited and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-fragment analysis was employed for genotyping both markers. mCTLA-4 and sCTLA-4 mRNA expression were analyzed using quantitative real time-PCR. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to screen sCTLA-4 in all subjects' sera. RESULTS Only two CTLA-4 3'UTR (AT)(n) allelotypes; (AT)(15) and (AT)(6) were detected. The heterozygous (AT)(15/6) genotype confers protectivity rather than susceptibility to SLE (p=0.01, odds ratio=0.43, and confidence interval=0.21-0.86). No significant association was observed between Exon 1 +49A/G and any of the tested diseases. A consistently high serum sCTLA-4 level was observed in RA (6.8 ng/mL, p=0.005), SLE (6.34 ng/mL, p=0.007), and OP (8.75 ng/mL, p=0.012) compared to healthy control. A significant increase in the expression of sCTLA-4 mRNA was observed in OP (p=0.05) and SLE (p=0.047), while a significant increase in the expression of mCTLA-4 (p=0.01) was observed only in OP. CONCLUSION The present study is the first to report a statistically significant association between OP and serum sCTLA-4. The novelty of our study is the significance of CTLA-4 in the pathogenesis of OP besides SLE and RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suad AlFadhli
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Kuwait University, Kuwait, Kuwait.
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Zhu JM, Li BK, Chen GM, Feng CC, Cen H, Fan YG, Wang B, Pan HF, Ye DQ. CTLA-4 -1722T/C Polymorphism and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Susceptibility: A Meta-analysis Involving Ten Separate Studies. Immunol Invest 2013; 42:91-105. [DOI: 10.3109/08820139.2012.724752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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18
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Liu J, Zhang HX. CTLA-4 polymorphisms and systemic lupus erythematosus: a comprehensive meta-analysis. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2013; 17:226-31. [PMID: 23289635 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2012.0302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine whether the SNPs +49A/G and CT60A/G of the CTLA-4 gene are associated with susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS The comprehensive meta-analysis for +49A/G included 1753 cases and 2279 controls, and for CT60A/G included 676 cases and 576 controls. Allelic and genotypic comparisons between cases and controls were evaluated. For +49A/G, we also subdivided it by population. RESULTS For +49A/G, statistically significant differences were not noted (fixed: odds ratio [OR]: 1.033, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.937-1.139; random: OR: 1.038, 95% CI: 0.907-1.188). When subdivided into Asia and Europe subgroups, it showed that this polymorphism is still not significantly associated with SLE [for Asia: (fixed: OR: 1.069, 95% CI: 0.932-1.227; random: OR: 1.055, 95% CI: 0.846-1.316); for Europe: (fixed: OR: 0.988, 95% CI: 0.842-1.161; random: OR: 1.015, 95% CI: 0.805-1.281)]. And CT60A/G also did not demonstrate significant differences with SLE (fixed: OR: 1.099, 95% CI: 0.922-1.31; random: OR: 0.918, 95% CI: 0.581-1.448). CONCLUSION The results suggest that the CLTA-4 gene was not associated with SLE. Further investigations are required to identify whether other at-risk polymorphisms within CTLA-4 confer a risk of SLE and to clarify the role of the CTLA-4 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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19
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Association between CTLA-4 exon-1 +49A/G polymorphism and systemic lupus erythematosus: an updated analysis. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 39:9159-65. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-1788-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2011] [Accepted: 06/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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20
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Peng WJ, Pan HF, Tao JH, Wang BX, Lu MM, Wang S, He Q, Wang J. A meta-analysis of the association between cytokine gene polymorphisms and systemic sclerosis. Mod Rheumatol 2011; 22:695-703. [PMID: 22173230 DOI: 10.1007/s10165-011-0574-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
We conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis to quantitatively evaluate the association of cytokine gene polymorphisms with systemic sclerosis (SSc) susceptibility. Electronic databases were used to identify published studies before July 2011. In total, 23 case-control studies including 3524 SSc cases and 6086 healthy controls were included in the meta-analysis. We examined the relationship between five gene polymorphisms [cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) -1722T/C, CTLA-4 -318C/T, CTLA-4 +49A/G, angiotensin-converting enzyme I/D, STAT-4 rs7574865] and susceptibility to SSc. The combined odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was calculated to estimate the strength of the association in a fixed or random effect model. Heterogeneity and publication bias were also assessed. We found a significant association between SSc and STAT rs7574865 (TT vs. GG: OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.36-0.54; TT vs. TG + GG: OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.39-0.59; TT + TG vs. GG: OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.66-0.83; T vs. G: OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.66-0.79), but there were no other statistically significant associations with other gene polymorphisms. Our study suggested that SSc is associated with STAT gene rs7574865 polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-jia Peng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
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CTLA-4 gene polymorphism and the risk of systemic lupus erythematosus in the Chinese population. J Biomed Biotechnol 2011; 2011:167395. [PMID: 21915163 PMCID: PMC3170903 DOI: 10.1155/2011/167395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Revised: 05/25/2011] [Accepted: 06/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Several variants of CTLA-4 have been reported to be associated with susceptibility systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE); however, findings have been inconsistent across different populations. Using a case-control study design, we have investigated the role of CTLA-4 polymorphism at positions −1661 and −1722 on SLE susceptibility in our Chinese SLE population in central China's Hubei province. Samples were collected from 148 SLE patients and 170 healthy controls. Polymerase chain reaction restriction fragments length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was used to analyze the genotypes of the two sites. Statistically significant difference was observed in genotypes for −1722, but not for −1661. The frequency of the T allele on the −1722 SNP was significantly increased in SLE patients: 57.8% versus 40.6% in controls (P < 0.001, OR = 2.002). While the detected C allele frequency in the controls was significantly elevated in comparison to that in the SLE patients (59.4% versus 42.2%). On the contrary, no association was found between SLE and CTLA-4 polymorphism at position −1661.
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CTLA-4 exon 1 +49 polymorphism alone and in a haplotype with -318 promoter polymorphism may confer susceptibility to chronic HBV infection in Chinese Han patients. Mol Biol Rep 2010; 38:5125-32. [PMID: 21161390 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-010-0660-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2010] [Accepted: 12/04/2010] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) plays a pivotal role in regulating T cell activation, which is believably critical for the outcome of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. The expression and function of CTLA-4 may be affected by gene polymorphisms. This study investigated the influence of CTLA-4 polymorphisms on disease susceptibility in Chinese Han patients with chronic HBV infection. CTLA-4 +49A/G and -318C/T polymorphisms were evaluated by DNA amplification with polymerase chain reaction followed by the restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. The patients with chronic HBV infection had higher frequencies of genotype AA and allele A of CTLA-4 +49A/G polymorphism. The haplotype +49A-318C was significantly over-represented (P < 0.001) and haplotype +49G-318C under-represented (P = 0.006) in the patients. The +49GG genotype was more frequent (P = 0.009) and +49A allele was less frequent in patients with lower ALT levels (P = 0.012) in HBeAg positive chronic hepatitis B. It is indicated that CTLA-4 +49A/G polymorphism alone and in a haplotype with -318C allele may confer susceptibility to chronic HBV infection in Chinese Han patients.
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23
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Jiang T, Ge LQ, Chen ZT, Li C, Zhou F, Luo Y, Xia B. Effect of cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated molecule 4 1661 gene polymorphism on its expression and transcription in ulcerative colitis. J Dig Dis 2010; 11:369-75. [PMID: 21091900 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-2980.2010.00462.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our aim was to investigate the expression of cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated molecule 4 (CTLA-4) in ulcerative colitis (UC) and to evaluate the effect of CTLA-4 gene -1661A/G polymorphism on CTLA-4 expression and transcription. METHODS A total of 20 UC patients and 22 healthy controls matched by age and sex were enrolled at Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University in central China. The CTLA-4 -1661A/G polymorphism was genotyped by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. A Western blot analysis was performed to determine the full length CTLA-4 (flCTLA-4) protein expression in the peripheral blood of the UC patients. Serum-soluble CTLA-4 (sCTLA-4) levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. CTLA-4-1661G mutant promoter transcription function was analyzed by site-directed PCR-based mutagenesis. RESULTS CTLA-4 protein expression on CD4(+) T cells in UC patients was lower than that in the healthy controls (P < 0.001) while serum sCTLA-4 in the UC patients was significantly higher than that in the healthy controls (P < 0.001). No correlation was found between flCTLA-4 and sCTLA-4 expression levels and the -1661 A/G polymorphism of the CTLA-4 gene. Meanwhile, CTLA-4 -1661 allele A had no significant impact on the promoter activity compared with allele G (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION CTLA-4 expressions were aberrant in UC patients compared with the healthy controls. CTLA-4 -1661A/G polymorphism had no significant impact on CTLA-4 expression and transcription in the peripheral CD4 T cells of UC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
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24
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Sanchez E, Webb RD, Rasmussen A, Kelly JA, Riba L, Kaufman KM, Garcia-de la Torre I, Moctezuma JF, Maradiaga-Ceceña MA, Cardiel-Rios MH, Acevedo E, Cucho-Venegas M, Garcia MA, Gamron S, Pons-Estel BA, Vasconcelos C, Martin J, Tusié-Luna T, Harley JB, Richardson B, Sawalha AH, Alarcón-Riquelme ME. Genetically determined Amerindian ancestry correlates with increased frequency of risk alleles for systemic lupus erythematosus. ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 2010; 62:3722-9. [PMID: 20848568 PMCID: PMC3078084 DOI: 10.1002/art.27753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess whether genetically determined Amerindian ancestry predicts increased presence of risk alleles of known susceptibility genes for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within 16 confirmed genetic susceptibility loci for SLE were genotyped in a set of 804 Mestizo lupus patients and 667 Mestizo healthy controls. In addition, 347 admixture informative markers were genotyped. Individual ancestry proportions were determined using STRUCTURE. Association analysis was performed using PLINK, and correlation between ancestry and the presence of risk alleles was analyzed using linear regression. RESULTS A meta-analysis of the genetic association of the 16 SNPs across populations showed that TNFSF4, STAT4, ITGAM, and IRF5 were associated with lupus in a Hispanic Mestizo cohort enriched for European and Amerindian ancestry. In addition, 2 SNPs within the major histocompatibility complex region, previously shown to be associated in a genome-wide association study in Europeans, were also associated in Mestizos. Using linear regression, we predicted an average increase of 2.34 risk alleles when comparing an SLE patient with 100% Amerindian ancestry versus an SLE patient with 0% Amerindian ancestry (P < 0.0001). SLE patients with 43% more Amerindian ancestry were predicted to carry 1 additional risk allele. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that Amerindian ancestry is associated with an increased number of risk alleles for SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Sanchez
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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Alieva VS, Karimov KY, Nazarov AA, Arifov SS, Boboev KT. Analysis of CTLA4 gene 49A/G polymorphism association with development of allergic rhinitis. CYTOL GENET+ 2010. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452710030035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Pincerati MR, Dalla-Costa R, Pavoni DP, Petzl-Erler ML. Genetic polymorphisms of the T-cell coreceptors CD28 and CTLA-4 in Afro- and Euro-Brazilians. Int J Immunogenet 2010; 37:253-61. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-313x.2010.00917.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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27
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Kim I, Kim YJ, Kim K, Kang C, Choi CB, Sung YK, Lee HS, Bae SC. Genetic studies of systemic lupus erythematosus in Asia: where are we now? Genes Immun 2009; 10:421-32. [DOI: 10.1038/gene.2009.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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28
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The genetics and epigenetics of autoimmune diseases. J Autoimmun 2009; 33:3-11. [PMID: 19349147 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2009.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2009] [Accepted: 03/03/2009] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Self tolerance loss is fundamental to autoimmunity. While understanding of immune regulation is expanding rapidly, the mechanisms causing loss of tolerance in most autoimmune diseases remain elusive. Autoimmunity is believed to develop when genetically predisposed individuals encounter environmental agents that trigger the disease. Recent advances in the genetic and environmental contributions to autoimmunity suggest that interactions between genetic elements and epigenetic changes caused by environmental agents may be responsible for inducing autoimmune disease. Genetic loci predisposing to autoimmunity are being identified through multi-center consortiums, and the number of validated genes is growing rapidly. Recent reports also indicate that the environment can contribute to autoimmunity by modifying gene expression through epigenetic mechanisms. This article will review current understanding of the genetics and epigenetics of lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis and type 1 diabetes, using systemic lupus erythematosus as the primary example. Other autoimmune diseases may have a similar foundation.
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Ben Dhifallah I, Chelbi H, Braham A, Hamzaoui K, Houman MH. CTLA-4 +49A/G polymorphism is associated with Behçet’s disease in a Tunisian population. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 73:213-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2008.01186.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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30
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Delgado-Vega AM, Abelson AK, Sánchez E, Witte T, D'Alfonso S, Galeazzi M, Jiménez-Alonso J, Pons-Estel BA, Martin J, Alarcón-Riquelme ME. Replication of the TNFSF4 (OX40L) promoter region association with systemic lupus erythematosus. Genes Immun 2008; 10:248-53. [PMID: 19092840 DOI: 10.1038/gene.2008.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 4 gene (TNFSF4) encodes the OX40 ligand (OX40L), a costimulatory molecule involved in T-cell activation. A recent study demonstrated the association of TNFSF4 haplotypes located in the upstream region with risk for or protection from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). To replicate this association, five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) tagging the previously associated haplotypes and passing the proper quality-control filters were tested in 1312 cases and 1801 controls from Germany, Italy, Spain and Argentina. The association of TNFSF4 with SLE was replicated in all the sets except Spain. There was a unique risk haplotype tagged by the minor alleles of the SNPs rs1234317 (pooled odds ratio (OR)=1.39, P=0.0009) and rs12039904 (pooled OR=1.38, P=0.0012). We did not observe association to a single protective marker (rs844644) or haplotype as the first study reported; instead, we observed different protective haplotypes, all carrying the major alleles of both SNPs rs1234317 and rs12039904. Association analysis conditioning on the haplotypic background confirmed that these two SNPs explain the entire haplotype effect. This first replication study confirms the association of genetic variation in the upstream region of TNFSF4 with susceptibility to SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna-Karin Abelson
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, University of Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elena Sánchez
- Instituto de Biomedicina "López-Neyra", CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Sandra D'Alfonso
- Department of Medical Sciences and IRCAD, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Mauro Galeazzi
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, Siena University, Siena, Italy
| | | | | | - Javier Martin
- Instituto de Biomedicina "López-Neyra", CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | - Marta E Alarcón-Riquelme
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, University of Uppsala, Sweden.,Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
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Association of CTLA4 single nucleotide polymorphisms with viral but not autoimmune liver disease. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2007; 19:947-51. [PMID: 18049163 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0b013e3282efa240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CTLA4 is an inhibitory receptor expressed on a subset of T lymphocytes. Single nucleotide polymorphisms of the CTLA4 gene have been implicated in autoimmune diseases, including autoimmune hepatitis and primary biliary cirrhosis. In reverse form, CTLA4 variations are associated with chronic infections such as chronic hepatitis B. METHODS CTLA4 variations -318C>T and +49A>G were analyzed in 2366 patients with chronic liver disease of various etiologies, including 323 patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, 1181 patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection, 180 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis, and 127 patients with autoimmune hepatitis, as well as 202 healthy control individuals. Genotyping was performed by melting curve analysis. RESULTS The -318C>T variation was underrepresented in patients with chronic HBV infection compared with healthy controls (14.6 vs. 25.7%, P=0.002) and with patients with chronic liver disease of other origin (14.6 vs. 20.7%, P=0.011). Patients with cryptogenic cirrhosis also showed a lower frequency of the -318T allele than healthy controls (12.0 vs. 25.7%, P=0.014). No association of the +49G>A variation was found with any diagnosis, including autoimmune hepatitis and primary biliary cirrhosis. CONCLUSION We describe the association of the CTLA4 -318C>T variation with chronic HBV infection and cryptogenic cirrhosis but find no association of the +49G>A variation with autoimmune liver disease.
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Balbi G, Ferrera F, Rizzi M, Piccioli P, Morabito A, Cardamone L, Ghio M, Palmisano GL, Carrara P, Pedemonte S, Sessarego M, De Angioletti M, Notaro R, Indiveri F, Pistillo MP. Association of -318 C/T and +49 A/G cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) gene polymorphisms with a clinical subset of Italian patients with systemic sclerosis. Clin Exp Immunol 2007; 149:40-7. [PMID: 17459075 PMCID: PMC1942023 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2007.03394.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a complex and heterogeneous autoimmune disorder with a multi-factorial pathogenesis. Like other autoimmune disorders, the possible role of specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) gene polymorphisms in predisposing to SSc has been hypothesized, but it remains controversial. CTLA-4 promoter (-318C/T) and exon 1 (+49 A/G) polymorphisms have been analysed in 43 Italian females with SSc and in 93 unrelated matched healthy controls by a newly designed tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (T-ARMS-PCR) method. No significant association has been found with either polymorphisms.Nevertheless, SSc patients without concomitant Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) were carrying both the -318T allele (P = 0.031) and the +49 G allele (P = 0.076) more frequently than SSc patients with HT [defined by positivity for anti-thyroperoxidase (TPO) and anti-thyroglobulin (TGA) autoantibodies] than controls. Haplotype analysis confirms this association (P = 0.028), and suggests the predominant role of the -318T, whereas that of the +49 G, if any, seems weak. Thus, in Italian SSc patients the CTLA-4 -318C/T promoter polymorphism appears to be associated with the susceptibility to develop SSc without thyroid involvement. Larger studies are needed to confirm these findings and to clarify whether the -318C/T polymorphism is the functional responsible or whether it reflects the presence of another linked genetic element in the same chromosomal region.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Balbi
- Department of Oncology, Biology and Genetics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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Schott E, Witt H, Hinrichsen H, Neumann K, Weich V, Bergk A, Halangk J, Müller T, Tinjala S, Puhl G, Neuhaus P, Wiedenmann B, Berg T. Gender-dependent association of CTLA4 polymorphisms with resolution of hepatitis C virus infection. J Hepatol 2007; 46:372-80. [PMID: 17150279 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2006.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2006] [Revised: 08/03/2006] [Accepted: 09/05/2006] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS A vigorous T-cell response is essential for the resolution of HCV infection. It is modified by co-stimulatory molecules that attenuate T-lymphocyte responses by binding to CTLA4. We investigated whether CTLA4 single nucleotide polymorphisms are associated with the resolution of infection or with the course of disease. METHODS We enrolled 127 individuals with self-limited and 947 patients with chronic HCV infection, of whom 560 were treated with interferon-alpha-based therapies, and 200 healthy controls. We analyzed CTLA4 polymorphisms -318C>T and +49A>G by melting curve analysis and reconstructed haplotypes. RESULTS CTLA4 haplotypes were distributed differently between men but not women with self-limited and chronic infection (p=0.043) but were not predictive of the stage of fibrosis in chronic carriers. Haplotypes were distributed differently between male but not female end-of-treatment responders and non-responders (p=0.025). The influence of CTLA4 haplotypes was more pronounced in "hard-to-treat" situations, i.e., treatment with interferon-alpha monotherapy or infection with HCV genotypes 1/4. Logistic regression analysis confirmed gender-specific risk factors for a virological non-response. CONCLUSIONS CTLA4 polymorphisms are associated with the resolution of HCV infection. This study underlines the role of an efficient T-cell response in the clearance of HCV and sheds light on a gender-dependent difference of immune regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eckart Schott
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, CVK, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
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Fairhurst AM, Wandstrat AE, Wakeland EK. Systemic lupus erythematosus: multiple immunological phenotypes in a complex genetic disease. Adv Immunol 2006; 92:1-69. [PMID: 17145301 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2776(06)92001-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex polygenic autoimmune disease characterized by the presence of anti-nuclear autoantibodies (ANAs) that are often detectable years prior to the onset of clinical disease. The disease is associated with a chronic activation of the immune system, with the most severe forms progressing to inflammatory damage that can impact multiple organ systems in afflicted individuals. Current therapeutic strategies poorly control disease manifestations and are generally immunosuppressive. Recent studies in human patient populations and animal models have associated elements of the innate immune system and abnormalities in the immature B lymphocyte receptor repertoires with disease initiation. A variety of cytokines, most notably type I interferons, play important roles in disease pathogenesis and effector mechanisms. The genetic basis for disease susceptibility is complex, and analyses in humans and mice have identified multiple susceptibility loci, several of which are located in genomic regions that are syntenic between humans and mice. The complexities of the genetic interactions that mediate lupus have been investigated in murine model systems by characterizing the progressive development of disease in strains expressing various combinations of susceptibility alleles. These analyses indicate that genetic epistasis dramatically impact disease development and support the feasibility of identifying molecular pathways that can suppress disease progression without completely impairing normal immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Marie Fairhurst
- Center for Immunology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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Downie-Doyle S, Bayat N, Rischmueller M, Lester S. Influence of CTLA4 haplotypes on susceptibility and some extraglandular manifestations in primary Sjögren's syndrome. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 54:2434-40. [PMID: 16869018 DOI: 10.1002/art.22004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) is a key negative regulator of the T cell immune response, and the CTLA4 gene is highly polymorphic. Many positive associations between CTLA4 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and various autoimmune diseases have been identified. Two CTLA4 SNPs that are important relative to genetic susceptibility in human autoimmune diseases are the +49GA polymorphism in exon 1 and the CT60A/G polymorphism in the 3'-untranslated region. Using these 2 polymorphisms as markers, we investigated possible genetic associations of CTLA4 in Australian patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome. METHODS One hundred eleven Australian Caucasian patients with primary SS and 156 population-based controls were genotyped for CTLA4 by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism methods, using the restriction enzymes BseXI (+49G/A) and HpyCh4 IV (CT60). RESULTS The CT60 and +49G/A SNPs were in strong linkage disequilibrium, and only 3 haplotypes were observed. Significant differences in the haplotype frequencies between patients with primary SS and controls (P = 0.032) were observed, with susceptibility to primary SS associated with both the +49A;CT60A haplotype and the +49A;CT60G haplotype, whereas the +49G;CT60G haplotype was protective against primary SS. The +49A;CT60G haplotype association was predominantly with Ro/La autoantibody-positive primary SS, and the dose of this haplotype influenced the severity of daytime sleepiness (P = 0.036). The +49A;CT60A haplotype appeared to be protective against the development of Raynaud's phenomenon in patients with primary SS (odds ratio 0.49, 95% confidence interval 0.27-0.91). CONCLUSION The CTLA4 +49G/A and CT60 haplotypes are associated with susceptibility to primary SS and with some extraglandular manifestations of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Downie-Doyle
- Hanson Institute and The Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Holmberg D, Cilio CM, Lundholm M, Motta V. CTLA-4 (CD152) and its involvement in autoimmune disease. Autoimmunity 2005; 38:225-33. [PMID: 16126511 DOI: 10.1080/08916930500050210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases (AID) are inherited as complex genetic diseases. Different Autoimmune diseases have been found to cluster in families and are believed to share some common etiological factors. With the exception of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes contributing susceptibility to these diseases have been difficult to identify. CD152 has emerged as one such candidate unifying several autoimmune diseases. We here review the evidence that CD152 constitutes a general susceptibility factor for multiple autoimmune diseases and discuss how CD152 and other co-stimulatory pathways may contribute to autoimmune pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Holmberg
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, Sweden.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The genetic basis of systemic lupus erythematosus, a complex genetic trait, may provide important insights into autoimmune disease. Innovation in both practical and theoretical approaches will assist in accelerating the pace of discovery and our understanding of pathogenesis. RECENT FINDINGS Significant progress has been made in the last year with respect to the refinement of genetic intervals to promising candidate genes involved in systemic lupus erythematosus pathogenesis and specific phenotype susceptibility. This review highlights these discoveries and suggests platforms that may affect the future of analysis of this complex disease. SUMMARY Understanding the genetic basis for systemic lupus erythematosus disease and sub-phenotype susceptibility will have a substantial effect on the therapeutic interventions used to care for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Croker
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35294, USA
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Parks CG, Hudson LL, Cooper GS, Dooley MA, Treadwell EL, St Clair EW, Gilkeson GS, Pandey JP. CTLA-4 gene polymorphisms and systemic lupus erythematosus in a population-based study of whites and African-Americans in the southeastern United States. Lupus 2005; 13:784-91. [PMID: 15540511 DOI: 10.1191/0961203304lu1085oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Cytotoxic lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) plays an important role in regulating T cell activation, and may help to limit T cell response under conditions of inflammation. Genetic variability in CTLA-4 has been implicated in the development of several autoimmune diseases. Some studies have described associations between CTLA-4 polymorphisms and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but findings have been inconsistent. We examined polymorphisms in the CTLA-4 gene promoter region (-1722T/C, -1661 A/G, -318C/T) and exon I (+49G/A) with respect to SLE in a population-based case-control study in the southeastern US. Genotypes from 230 recently diagnosed cases and 276 controls were examined separately for African-Americans and whites. We observed no overall associations between SLE and the four CTLA-4 polymorphisms examined. Subgroup analyses revealed effect modification by age for the presence of the -1661G allele, yielding a significant positive association with SLE in younger (<35 years) African-Americans (OR = 3.3). CTLA-4 genotypes also interacted with HLA-DR2 and GM allotype to contribute to risk of SLE. These findings suggest allelic variation in this region of CTLA4 is not a major independent risk factor for SLE, but may contribute to risk of disease in younger African-Americans or in the presence of certain immunogenetic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Parks
- Epidemiology Branch, A3-05, NIEHS, NIH, DHHS, PO Box 12233, Durham, North Carolina 27709-12233, USA.
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Lee YH, Harley JB, Nath SK. CTLA-4 polymorphisms and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE): a meta-analysis. Hum Genet 2005; 116:361-7. [PMID: 15688186 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-004-1244-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2004] [Accepted: 12/05/2004] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Several reports demonstrate association between variants of the cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) and autoimmune diseases. CTLA-4 may generate autoimmunity by immune dysregulation, making CTLA-4 an attractive candidate gene for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) susceptibility. Previous CTLA-4 association studies with SLE, however, have produced inconsistent results. We have performed a meta-analysis to better assess the purported associations. A total of 14 independent studies (to July 2004) testing association between one or more CTLA-4 polymorphisms and SLE were used in this analysis. We have compared allele and genotype frequencies at four polymorphic sites found in exon-1 (at +49), the promoter region (at -318 and -1722), and the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) (dinucleotide repeat). We have evaluated both fixed and random effect models, depending on the presence of between-study heterogeneity. The data demonstrate that the exon-1 +49 polymorphism is significantly associated with SLE susceptibility. The overall risk, measured by odds ratio (OR), for exon-1 +49 GG genotype is 1.287 [95% confidence interval (CI)=1.031-1.562, P=0.011]. Stratification by ethnicity indicates the exon-1 +49 GG genotype is associated with SLE, at least in Asians (OR=1.293, 95% CI=1.031-1.620, P=0.026). European-derived populations have an effect of similar magnitude (OR=1.268, 95% CI=0.860-1.870, P=0.230), though not significant. Similar trends are found in allele-specific risk estimates and disease association. The OR for the exon-1 +49 risk allele (G) in Asians is 1.246 (95% CI=1.057-1.469, P=0.009), while Europeans have no evidence of allelic association (OR=0.978, 95% CI=0.833-1.148, P=0.780). In conclusion, this meta-analysis supports the CTLA-4 exon-1 +49 (A/G) polymorphism influencing the risk for developing SLE, especially in Asians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Ho Lee
- Arthritis and Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 N.E. 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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Torres B, Aguilar F, Franco E, Sánchez E, Sánchez-Román J, Jiménez Alonso J, Núñez-Roldán A, Martín J, González-Escribano MF. Association of the CT60 marker of the CTLA4 gene with systemic lupus erythematosus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 50:2211-5. [PMID: 15248219 DOI: 10.1002/art.20347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the possible association of the CT60A/G marker with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in Spanish patients, and to identify the possible CTLA4 haplotype responsible for the association, taking into account other polymorphisms described at positions -1722T/C, -319C/T, +49A/G, and the microsatellite (AT)(n) in the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of the CTLA4 gene. METHODS Genotyping of CT60 was performed in 395 patients with SLE and 293 healthy controls using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Genotyping of the rest of the dimorphisms has been previously reported. Genotyping of microsatellite polymorphism (AT)(n) in the 3'-UTR was performed using PCR with a fluorescence-labeled primer. RESULTS With regard to CT60A/G, the frequency of the AA genotype was significantly decreased among the SLE patients (18.7% versus 28.3% in the control group; P = 0.003, corrected P [P(corr)] = 0.009, odds ratio [OR] = 0.58, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.40-0.85). In other words, the frequency of individuals bearing the G phenotype was increased in the patient group compared with the control group (81.2% versus 71.7%; P = 0.003, P(corr) = 0.006, OR = 1.71, 95% CI 1.18-2.49). The distribution of allele frequency was also significantly different between patients and controls (P = 0.01, P(corr) = 0.02, OR [for allele G] = 1.32, 95% CI 1.06-1.65). After combining the data on the different polymorphisms, 2 neutral haplotypes were found: +49A;(AT)(7);CT60A and +49G;(AT)(8-19);CT60G. In addition, a susceptibility haplotype was found: +49A;(AT)(>19);CT60G. CONCLUSION The 3'-UTR of the CTLA4 gene is involved in susceptibility to SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Torres
- Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain
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