[Percentage of tumor in prostatic biopsy cylinders as prognosis factor of organ-limited disease in candidates for radical prostatectomy]

[Minimal prostatic adenocarcinomas in the biopsy treated with radical prostatectomy]

FUNDAMENTALS

Valuation about clinical pathologyc facts of patients having undergone a radical prostatectomy due to a minimal prostate adenocarcinoma shown at the biopsy.

METHODS

Retrospective analysis of patients having undergone a radical prostatectomy due to a minimal prostate adenocarcinoma shown at the biopsy in front of the remaining radical prostatectomies.

RESULTS

In 20 patients (7.6%) out of the 260 having undergone a radical prostatectomy between 1992 and 2004 the biopsy was informed as "minimal adenocarcinoma". These patients ranged 58 to 73 years with PSA levels from 5.2 to 17.1 ng/ml. Everyone except one were clinically T1c. At the definitive pathological study the Gleason was 6, 4, 3 and 2 in 3, 3, 8 and 4 patients respectively, with one having a minimal adenocarcinoma not graded and another one with a PIN ?. 3 showed only 1 focus with a tumoral volume less than 5% of the tissue (84.2% with significant tumor or multifocal). The final staging was 1 pT0 (PIN ?), 7 pT2a, 11 pT2b and 1 pT3a (62.5% bilaterals). Relating to the remaining patients under prostatectomy, patients with minimal adenocarcinoma presented significative differences in Gleason sum (p < 0.029) and staging (p = 0.02); no in PSA mean (p = 0.243).

SUMMARY

Minimal adenocarcinomas of the prostate at the biopsy are significant but do present lower staging and grading in relation with the rest of patients.

[Correlation of the anatomo-pathological staging of radical prostatectomy specimens with the amount of cancer in the preoperative sextant biopsy]

OBJECTIVE

We assess the value of the percent of cancer in needle cores of sextant biopsy for predicting the risk of extraprostatic extension at radical retropublic prostatectomy.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

We reviewed prostate needle biopsy findings in 97 patients with prostate cancer T1c-T2, who subsequently underwent radical retropubic prostatectomy. In each needle biopsy were assessed, number of cores positive, percent of cores positive, percent cancer in all cores, Gleason score, intraepithelial neoplasia, perineural invasion and vascular invasion. Initial PSA and preoperative clinical stage were incorporated with biopsy results into a univariate and multivariate model to determine the parameters most predictive of pathological stage.

RESULTS

Of the 97 patients, 72 (74%) had organ confined cancer and 25 (26%) had extraprostatic extension. The average of cores positive for organ confined cancer was 4.2 (median 4) vs. 6.9 (median 6) for extraprostatic extension (p = 0.001), the percent of cores positive for organ confined cancer was 34.9% (median 28) vs. 53.8% (median 46) for extraprostatic extension (p = 0.013). The average of cancer in all cores in organ confined cancer was 13.6% (median 6) vs. 30.5% (median 30) for extraprostatic extension (p = 0.002). The mean Gleason score in needle cores was 5.9 (median 6) in organ confined cancer vs. 6.6 (median 7) in extraprostatic extension (p = 0.007). The average of intraepithelial neoplasia in needle cores was 3 (4%) in organ confined cancer vs. 1 (4%) in extraprostatic extension (p = 0.972). The perineural invasion of needle cores was 6 (8.3%) in confined cancer vs. 4 (16%) in extraprostatic extension (p = 0.355). Univariate analysis demonstrated that the risk of extraprostatic extension is predicted by the number of cores positive (p = 0.003), the percent of cores positive (p = 0.006), the percent of cancer in all cores (p = 0.001), the Gleason score (p = 0.002), the clinical stage (p = 0.019) and initial PSA (p = 0.032). Extraprostatic extension is not predicted by the intraepithelial neoplasia (p = 0.971), vascular invasion and perineural invasion (p = 0.285). Multivariate analysis showed that the percent of cancer in all cores is the strongest predictor of extraprostatic extension (p = 0.035). With a percent of cancer less than 3% in the biopsy specimen, the risk of extraprostatic extension is 11.5%.

CONCLUSIONS

The amount of cancer on preoperative needle sextant biopsy is the strongest predictor of prostate stage, but it is slightly practical at the moment of admitting or to reject a patient for radical prostatectomy.