Células madre derivadas de músculo para la incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo

The life of the cell membrane: A paradigmatic reading from Deleuze and Guattari

While the Fluid Mosaic model (FMM) is widely accepted as an account of the cell membrane's structure-function, its inability to explain certain phenomena has led to the lipid rafts hypothesis (nanodomains) that spontaneous spatiotemporal enriched zones of sphingolipids-cholesterol-protein exist within the membrane. In this text, we propose a novel approach that conceives the cell membrane as a living entity. The questions regarding the FMM revolve around the fact that, although these molecular components are present in many cell types, the membrane does not react in the same way to every external agent; for example, a virus evokes a particular response: why is there some marked specificity of virus (or toxin) attack on one (or some) of these cell types and not to other cell types that nevertheless have a similar membrane protein constitution? The crucial question, to explain this selectivity, would be what determines the specificity of attack on some cells and not others? While FMN assumes a dynamism between macrostates at the intramolecular, intermolecular, and/or collective levels in the membrane, the approach of the lipid raft model presupposes a much greater and more complex dynamics of microstates (even nano-states) of these molecular components. In other words, it implies higher and instantaneous mobility as assemblages ("intentional") and thus, of the membrane itself (as a collective), in response to changes in the internal and external physicochemical environment over a broad spatiotemporal scale. This suggests a mechanism of membrane adaptation in the face of evolutionary constraints. In this text, we propose a paradigmatic approach, from Deleuze-Guattari's philosophy: to conceive the cell membrane as living and not as a mere molecular conglomerate with particular functions and mechanical processes between molecules. For this, we employ the functional concepts of territory and machinic assemblage, whence the vitality of the membrane would allow us to postulate instantaneous updates, within wider spatiotemporal scales in its composition in contrast with the model that dominates as a more plausible explanation nowadays, that does not include smaller spatiotemporal events. If we resort to the concept of territory and its different media components, we could offer a more plausible explanation of the vigorous dynamism in the composition of the cell membrane since it would allow more subtle and complex differentiations between media and thus make visible the constant and instant changes. We propose that the model of nanodomains, understood as a process of dynamic territorialization, offers a more complex and subtle explanation of the instantaneous changes in the cell membrane's composition. This approach expands the explanatory framework for cellular phenomena and reveals their spatiotemporal complexity in accordance with other research.

Level of agreement and acceptance of the 20-Minute versus 60-Minute sanitary pad test as a method for measuring the severity of stress urinary incontinence: randomised crossover trial

We aimed to measure the level of agreement and acceptance ratio of the 20-minute versus 60-minute sanitary pad test in female patients with stress urinary incontinence (SUI). This is one-sample cross-experimental design. SUI patients at the Urogynecology Outpatient Clinic at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital in Jakarta, Indonesia were consecutively enrolled as participants. We first administered the 20-minute test, followed by the 60-minute test, or vice versa, within 1 week. The participants did not know the type of test performed or asked during the interview. Random Number Generator software by stattrek.com was used to determine which test was performed first for each participant. Participants were interviewed using a questionnaire at the end of each test. The 20-minute sanitary pad test exhibited a good level of agreement with the 60-minute sanitary pad test (kappa R = 0.84). Forty-two respondents (84.0%) reported that they were "satisfied" with the 20-minute sanitary pad test and eight respondents (16.0%) reported that they were "very satisfied". There was a good agreement between the 20-minute and 60-minute sanitary pad test for assessing the severity of SUI. The 20-minute sanitary pad test achieved a relatively higher level of participant satisfaction.Impact statementWhat is already known on this subject? Patients at the Urogynecology Outpatient Clinic at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital have a positive acceptance in the 20-minute and 60-minute sanitary pad test for assessing the severity of SUI.What do the results of this study add? From this result, the authors considered that this method can help in assessing the severity of SUI, especially in Indonesia.What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? As these findings, the authors think that they might be useful as a standard of assessed the severity of SUI. This method does not harmful and easy to apply for every patient with SUI.

In vivo determination of muscle-derived stem cells in the rat corpus cavernosum

The aim of the present in vivo study was to determine the presence of muscle-derived stem cells (MDSCs) in the corpus cavernosum of rats. Immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were performed to detect the expression of the stem cell markers stem cell antigen-1 (Sca-1), Oct4 and Desmin in Sprague-Dawley rats aged 2, 5 and 20 months. Sca-1 was mainly expressed in the blood vessels and cavernous sinus and staining revealed that Sca-1 was predominantly expressed in the cytoplasm. Desmin was primarily expressed in muscular tissues and staining demonstrated that it was mainly expressed in the cytoplasm, however, Desmin was also partially expressed in the nuclei. A small number of double positive cells, expressing Sca-1 and Desmin, were also detected near the cavernous sinus. It was found that the expression of the markers was negatively correlated with the age of the rats (P<0.05). The results from the RT-PCR demonstrated that the expression levels of Sca-1 and Desmin significantly decreased with age (P<0.05). In addition, the correlation analysis indicated that the expression of Sca-1 and Desmin were negatively correlated with the age of the rats (r=−−0.929; P<0.05). In conclusion, the present study provided evidence for the presence of MDSCs in the rat corpus cavernosum. MDSCs may be a potential therapeutic treatment for organic erectile dysfunction.

The potential of stem cells in the treatment of skeletal muscle injury and disease

Tissue engineering is a pioneering field with huge advances in recent times. These advances are not only in the understanding of how cells can be manipulated but also in potential clinical applications. Thus, tissue engineering, when applied to skeletal muscle cells, is an area of huge prospective benefit to patients with muscle disease/damage. This could include damage to muscle from trauma and include genetic abnormalities, for example, muscular dystrophies. Much of this research thus far has been focused on satellite cells, however, mesenchymal stem cells have more recently come to the fore. In particular, results of trials and further research into their use in heart failure, stress incontinence, and muscular dystrophies are eagerly awaited. Although no doubt, stem cells will have much to offer in the future, the results of further research still limit their use.