[The tobacco habit of the population of the province of Granada]

[Smoking in the general population: a description of prevalence, degree of consolidation and phase of cessation]

Smoking is a risk factor associated with high and preventable mortality and morbidity. An understanding of smoking consolidation and the desire to quit in specific subgroups of the general population will facilitate appropriate planning of health care resource utilization. We performed a multistage, random, stratified cross-sectional study in the general population of Valladolid (Spain) during 1998 and 1999 as part of a cardiovascular disease risk survey. Data collected by questionnaire and interview included number of cigarettes smoked per day, nicotine dependence and stage in the process of smoking cessation. Venous carboxyhemoglobin was also measured. The percentage of reported smokers in the general population was 29.3% (95% CI: 25.7-32.9%). Prevalence was 41.8% (95% CI: 39.2-44.5%) in the 26-to-45-year-old age group and fell to 6% (95% CI: 5.6-6.5%) among subjects over 66 years of age. Analysis by sex, 31.2% (95% CI: 26.1-36.4%) of men and 27.4% (95% CI: 24.1-30.7%) of women were smokers. In rural areas the percentage of smokers was 26.9% (95% CI: 20.2-33.5%) whereas the percentage in urban areas was 31.2% (95% CI: 26.1-36.4%). The number of cigarettes/day, venous carboxyhemoglobin and nicotine dependence differed by age range, sex and place of residence and helped to describe the degree of consolidation of smoking by strata. Phases of cessation were distributed similarly by age range but not by sex. The prevalence of smoking is still high, particularly among young people and women, although it is tending to decrease. Smoking is better established in the 26-45 year-old age range, among men, among those living in rural areas and among older smokers who, probably, can not quit smoking alone.

Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease and passive smoking

We carried out a case-control study with 90 patients with Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease (LCPD) and 183 normal children, as controls, selected at random to determine whether the condition of passive smoking is related to the disease. Seventy-one of 90 of the LCPD group (78.9%) were passive smokers. Only 79 of 183 (43.2%) in the control group were passive smokers (p = 0.00000). We did not find any statistical relationship between passive smoking and evolution of the condition (p = 0.42883), Catterall extension (p = 0.60544), final Stulberg result (p = 0.53201), or presence of sequelae (p = 0.53256). We also could not find any statistical difference between ages (p = 0.18). The odds ratio was 5.3203 (95% confidence interval 2.92-9.69). The association between LCPD and passive smoking, after controlling for age and gender, became significant (p = 0.0000). Thus the risk of LCPD in passive smoking children is more than five times higher than in children who are not exposed to smoke. It seems that passive smoking is a factor directly or indirectly associated with LCPD.

[Evolution in consumption of and attitude towards tobacco towards physicians at the regional hospital "Reina Sofía," Córdoba]

OBJECTIVES

to study the evolution of the smoking prevalence and the personal attitudes about smoking among doctors of a university hospital.

MATERIAL & METHODS

cross-sectional study. A survey. Study population was all physicians working in "Reina Sofía" University Hospital of Cordoba (N=738). By systematic sampling we select a random sample of 250 especialist physicians. We designed a self-administered questionnaire with items measuring the prevalence of smoking, the brand they used, the degree of smoking dependence, and their opinion about the new anti-smoking law. We also study the measures for smoking cessation that doctors considered most useful. We compared our data with other similar study carried out in 1987.

RESULTS

the prevalence of tobacco use was 42% (CI:95%: 35.5-48.9), below the figure we obtained in 1987 (56.3%; p < 0.001). Doctors between 36-45 years had the highest rates of tobacco consumption (p < 0.01). 86.9% of smokers thought that smoking was unhealthy and among these 83.3% accepted the risk derived of smoking. 86.7% of smokers used to smoke inside the hospital. 86.8% of doctors thought that the new public places restrictive smoking law must be implemented. Doctors smoke more often (68.5%) when they are on call and 26.4% of them recognize to smoke when they inform the patient's family.

CONCLUSIONS

we highlight a reduction of the prevalence of smoking among this kind of physicians. We still consider important the high number of physicians which smoke inside the hospital, although this figure have significantly decreased.