Diagnostic précoce de pseudomyxome péritonéal localisé à la zone de rupture d’une mucocèle appendiculaire : imagerie et aspects anatomopathologiques

Incidental diagnosis of pseudomyxoma peritonei by laparoscopy: a rare case from Syria

Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is a rare malignancy of the abdomen, which is usually described as a gelatinous peritoneal fluid. A 33-year-old man came to the ER complaining of recurring abdominal pain with abdominal distention for the past 3 months. Abdominal ultrasound revealed moderate amount of turbulent ascitic fluid with septations, in addition to a mass with irregular margins consisting of liquid and cysts. Abdomen and pelvis computed tomography scan showed free abdominal fluid. A decision was made for abdominal diagnostic laparoscopy with biopsies from the peritoneum, mesenteries and the gelatinous fluid. We could not investigate all the abdominal cavities and appendix due to the presence of severe adhesions and tuberculosis suspension. The pathology report indicated PMP. The patient was referred to an oncologist for chemotherapy consultation. The diagnosis can be challenging, as the symptoms and signs vary from patient to another; most cases may be asymptomatic and discovered incidentally during laparoscopy.

[Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) secondary to mucinous carcinoma of the ovary: a case study]

Le pseudomyxome péritonéal (PMP) ou l'ascite gélatineuse est une entité rare, décrite pour la première fois par R. Wyerth en 1884. Il correspond à une atteinte péritonéale diffuse, composée d'une ascite mucineuse et d'implants épithéliaux mucineux multifocaux. Cette maladie touche essentiellement les femmes. Son incidence est estimée à 2 cas par un million d'habitants. Le pseudomyxome péritonéal peut rester asymptomatique, découvert lors d'une laparotomie. Le symptôme le plus fréquent est représenté par une distension abdominale associée à des douleurs abdominales diffuses. Le scanner abdominal constitue le moyen diagnostique le plus spécifique. Il met en évidence des signes pathognomoniques de l'ascite gélatineuse. Les tumeurs mucineuses de l'appendice sont la cause la plus fréquente du pseudomyxome péritonéal avec 90% des cas. L'origine ovarienne en constitue une cause très rare. Il existe essentiellement deux types de traitement du PMP: premièrement le « debulking » chirurgical multiple et deuxièmement la chirurgie de cytoréduction avec chimiothérapie intra-péritonéale péri-opératoire consistant en une chimiothérapie hyperthermique intrapéritonéale avec ou sans chimiothérapie intrapéritonéale post opératoire immédiate. Nous rapportons un cas de pseudomyxome péritonéal secondaire à une tumeur mucineuse de l'ovaire gauche.

Pseudomyxoma Peritonei: A Case Report Diagnosed in a 47-Year-Old Woman with Chronic Pelvic Abdominal Pain and Appendicular Origin: Review of the Literature and Management

The authors report a case of pseudomyxoma peritonei with gelatinous peritoneum in a 47-year-old-woman. The main symptom for discovery was a chronic pelvic abdominal pain. This disease is particularly rare. The gelatinous substance is often associated with a malignant ovarian tumor or appendicitis perforated. Currently, on the whole, an exploratory laparoscopy allows diagnosis, biopsies, and appendectomy. The treatment is essentially surgical. The prognosis depends on grade (1/3) and response to chemotherapy. This case was presented to the tumor board.

CT imaging of peritoneal carcinomatosis and its mimics

Invasive peritoneal disease includes more than just peritoneal carcinomatosis. Although this is the most common aetiology, especially when a primary is found, other conditions may be responsible for peritoneal invasion. A rigorous analysis of CT features taken together with the clinical and biological context usually allows the main differential diagnoses, which entail different types of management, to be drawn out. Pseudomyxoma peritonei, peritoneal lymphomatosis, tuberculosis, peritoneal mesothelioma, diffuse peritoneal leiomyomatosis, and benign splenosis are the main differential diagnoses.