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Zhang M, Ma Y, Ye X, Zhang N, Pan L, Wang B. TRP (transient receptor potential) ion channel family: structures, biological functions and therapeutic interventions for diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:261. [PMID: 37402746 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01464-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are sensors for a variety of cellular and environmental signals. Mammals express a total of 28 different TRP channel proteins, which can be divided into seven subfamilies based on amino acid sequence homology: TRPA (Ankyrin), TRPC (Canonical), TRPM (Melastatin), TRPML (Mucolipin), TRPN (NO-mechano-potential, NOMP), TRPP (Polycystin), TRPV (Vanilloid). They are a class of ion channels found in numerous tissues and cell types and are permeable to a wide range of cations such as Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, and others. TRP channels are responsible for various sensory responses including heat, cold, pain, stress, vision and taste and can be activated by a number of stimuli. Their predominantly location on the cell surface, their interaction with numerous physiological signaling pathways, and the unique crystal structure of TRP channels make TRPs attractive drug targets and implicate them in the treatment of a wide range of diseases. Here, we review the history of TRP channel discovery, summarize the structures and functions of the TRP ion channel family, and highlight the current understanding of the role of TRP channels in the pathogenesis of human disease. Most importantly, we describe TRP channel-related drug discovery, therapeutic interventions for diseases and the limitations of targeting TRP channels in potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health; Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yueming Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xianglu Ye
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Lei Pan
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health; Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Bing Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- Center for Pharmaceutics Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Cortisol Secretion and Subsequent Impaired Lymphopoiesis after Starvation Can Be Reduced by Moxibustion Treatment. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:8856687. [PMID: 33613686 PMCID: PMC7878081 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8856687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
As a known steroid hormone, cortisol is involved in gluconeogenesis. Uninterrupted cortisol secretion has fatal effects, both physically and psychologically, because cortisol counteracts the immune response. Moxibustion (Mox) treatment is a traditional technique used in East Asia, which therapeutically transfers heat to certain points on the body surface. In the present study, the effect of Mox treatment on stress hormone secretion was investigated using a mouse model of starvation, in which Mox was applied on the Zhongwan acupoint (CV12). First, high cortisol levels induced by starvation were dose-dependently reduced by Mox treatment. In addition, the stress-induced decline in lymphoid progenitor cell production accompanied by altered cellularity in the thymus, bone marrow, and spleen was also significantly recovered by Mox treatment. Taken together, these findings indicated that Mox treatment reduces stress hormone secretion, which may rescue stress-induced lymphopoiesis impairment. These observations also suggested that enhanced resistance to stress may be one of the mechanisms underlying the immunomodulatory effects of Mox treatment.
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Huang Y, Zhang D, Li ZY, Yang YT, Wu LJ, Zhang J, Zhi FY, Li XY, Shi Z, Hong J, Ma XP. Moxibustion Eases Chronic Inflammatory Visceral Pain In Rats Via MAPK Signaling Pathway In The Spinal Cord. J Pain Res 2019; 12:2999-3012. [PMID: 31807057 PMCID: PMC6844221 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s218588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to explore the central analgesia mechanism of moxibustion for chronic inflammatory visceral pain (CIVP). Methods A CIVP rat model was established by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) plus 50% ethanol via enema. The analgesic effect of moxibustion was evaluated using the abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR), mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT), and thermal withdrawal latency (TWL). The expression profile of phosphorylated proteins of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway in the spinal cord was assayed by protein microarray. The differentially expressed proteins were examined by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) for functional clusters and corresponding signaling pathways. Results Moxibustion exerted a significant analgesic effect for CIVP rats, mainly presenting as a decrease in the AWR score (all P<0.01) under different levels of distending pressure and an increase in MWT and TWL thresholds (all P<0.05). Compared with the normal group, 76 proteins were upregulated while 15 were downregulated, and MAPK signaling pathway was activated in the model group. Compared with the model group, there were 53 downregulated and 38 upregulated proteins in the moxibustion group, and MAPK signaling pathway was inhibited. Fold change (FC)>1.3 or <0.77 was taken as the screening standard to define the differentially expressed proteins. Fifteen differentially expressed proteins upregulated in the model group were downregulated in the moxibustion group. GO analysis showed that the differentially expressed proteins mainly controlled cellular metabolism regulation, transportation, and stress reactions. KEGG analysis revealed that these differentially expressed proteins were mostly involved in the ERK, JNK, and p38 pathways, and the ERK pathway was predominant. Conclusion Moxibustion mitigates CIVP in rats and inhibits the phosphorylation of proteins in the spinal MAPK signaling pathway. The analgesic effect of moxibustion may be associated with the regulation of the spinal MAPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Huang
- Yueyang Clinical Medical School, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China.,Acupuncture and Moxibustion Department, Huangpu District Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai 200010, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Yueyang Clinical Medical School, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Acupuncture, Moxibustion, and Immunology, Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Li
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion Department, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of TCM, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Ting Yang
- Laboratory of Acupuncture, Moxibustion, and Immunology, Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Jie Wu
- Yueyang Clinical Medical School, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Yueyang Clinical Medical School, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang-Yuan Zhi
- Yueyang Clinical Medical School, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi-Ying Li
- Yueyang Clinical Medical School, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Shi
- Laboratory of Acupuncture, Moxibustion, and Immunology, Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jue Hong
- Laboratory of Acupuncture, Moxibustion, and Immunology, Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Peng Ma
- Yueyang Clinical Medical School, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Acupuncture, Moxibustion, and Immunology, Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China
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