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Chen M, Zhao C, Li Z, Fan Q, Lu S, Tao X, Lin Y, Lin R, Wu J. Investigation of the applicability of the zebrafish model for the evaluation of aristolochic acid-related nephrotoxicity. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 121:155092. [PMID: 37804820 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The risk of compounds/drugs, including aristolochic acid-induced nephrotoxicity remains high and is a significant public health concern. Therefore, it is particularly important to select reasonable animal models for rapid screening and evaluation of different samples with complex chemical systems. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) has been used to study chemical-induced renal toxicity. However, most of the published literature was performed on individual components or drugs, and the key evidence confirming the applicability of zebrafish larvae for the evaluation of aristolochic acid-related nephrotoxicity in complex chemical systems, such as in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), was insufficient. METHODS High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine the content of aristolochic acid (AA) in herbs and Chinese patent medicines. The zebrafish larvae at 4 days post-fertilization (dpf) were used to evaluate the nephrotoxicity of various samples, respectively, based on the phenotype of the kidney and histological, and biochemical. Transcriptome technology was used to investigate the related signaling pathways and potential mechanisms after treatment with AA, which was verified by RT-PCR technology. RESULTS The results showed that the total amounts of AAI, AAII, and ALI ranged from 0.0004 to 0.1858 g·g-1( %) from different samples, including Aristolochia debilis, Fibraurea recisa, Asarum, Wantongjingu tablets, Jiuweiqianghuo granules, and Xiaoqinglong granules in descending order. Moreover, compared with the negative/blank control, substantial changes in phenotype, histomorphology and biochemical parameters of renal function were observed in the groups challenged with the sublethal concentration of drugs. The transcriptomics results showed the upregulation of most genes in PERK/ATF4/CHOP, ATM/Chk2/p53, Caspase/Bax/Bcl-2a, TGF/Smad/ERK, PI3K/Akt, induced by aristolochic acid analogues, which were essentially consistent with those of the q-RT-PCR experiments, highlighting the similar toxicity response to the previously published article with the other traditional evaluation model. CONCLUSION The stability, accuracy and feasibility of the zebrafish larval model in screening and evaluating the nephrotoxicity of TCM were validated for the first time on the AAs-related drugs in a unified manner, confirming and promoting the applicability of zebrafish in assessing nephrotoxicity of samples with complex chemical character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meilin Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Jinjiang Municipal Hospital, Quanzhou Fujian 362200, PR China
| | - Chongjun Zhao
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Zhiqi Li
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Qiqi Fan
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Shan Lu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Tao
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Yifan Lin
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Ruichao Lin
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, PR China.
| | - Jiarui Wu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, PR China.
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Lim S, Kang H, Kwon B, Lee JP, Lee J, Choi K. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model organism for screening nephrotoxic chemicals and related mechanisms. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 242:113842. [PMID: 35810668 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Because of essential role in homeostasis of the body fluid and excretion of wastes, kidney damage can lead to severe impacts on health and survival of humans. For most chemicals, nephrotoxic potentials and associated mechanisms are unclear. Hence, fast and sensitive screening measures for nephrotoxic chemicals are required. In this study, the utility of zebrafish (Danio rerio) was evaluated for the investigation of chemical-induced kidney toxicity and associated modes of toxicity, based on the literature review. Zebrafish has a well-understood biology, and many overlapping physiological characteristics with mammals. One such characteristic is its kidneys, of which histology and functions are similar to those of mammals, although unique differences of zebrafish kidneys, such as kidney marrow, should be noted. Moreover, the zebrafish kidney is simpler in structure and easy to observe. For these advantages, zebrafish has been increasingly used as an experimental model for screening nephrotoxicity of chemicals and for understanding related mechanisms. Multiple endpoints of zebrafish model, from functional level, i.e., glomerular filtration, to transcriptional changes of key genes, have been assessed to identify chemical-induced kidney toxicities, and to elucidate underlying mechanisms. The most frequently studied mechanisms of chemical-induced nephrotoxicity in zebrafish include oxidative stress, inflammation, DNA damage, apoptosis, fibrosis, and cell death. To date, several pharmaceuticals, oxidizing agents, natural products, biocides, alcohols, and consumer chemicals have been demonstrated to exert different types of kidney toxicities in zebrafish. The present review shows that zebrafish model can be efficiently employed for quick and reliable assessment of kidney damage potentials of chemicals, and related toxic mechanisms. The toxicological information obtained from this model can be utilized for identification of nephrotoxic chemicals and hence for protection of public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyoung Lim
- Environmental Health Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Ministry of Environment, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Habyeong Kang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, USA
| | - Bareum Kwon
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung Pyo Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, South Korea
| | - Jeonghwan Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, South Korea
| | - Kyungho Choi
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea; Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Dias O, Tungare K, Palamthodi S, Bhori M. Nymphaea nouchali
burm. f. flowers as a potential food additiveand revitalizer: A biochemico‐toxicological insight. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Dias
- School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics D. Y. Patil Deemed to be University Navi Mumbai India
| | - Kanchanlata Tungare
- School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics D. Y. Patil Deemed to be University Navi Mumbai India
| | - Shanooba Palamthodi
- School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics D. Y. Patil Deemed to be University Navi Mumbai India
| | - Mustansir Bhori
- School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics D. Y. Patil Deemed to be University Navi Mumbai India
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The effects of Piper sarmentosum aqueous extracts on zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos and caudal fin tissue regeneration. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14165. [PMID: 32843675 PMCID: PMC7447815 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70962-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In Malaysia, Piper sarmentosum or ‘kaduk’ is commonly used in traditional medicines. However, its biological effects including in vivo embryonic toxicity and tissue regenerative properties are relatively unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo toxicities and caudal fin tissue regeneration in the presence of P. sarmentosum aqueous extracts. The phytochemical components and antioxidant activity of the extract were studied using GC–MS analysis and DPPH assay, respectively. Embryo toxicity tests involving survival, heartbeat, and morphological analyses were conducted to determine P. sarmentosum extract toxicity (0–60 µg/mL); concentrations of 0–400 µg/mL of the extract were used to study tissue regeneration in the zebrafish caudal fin. The extract contained several phytochemicals with antioxidant activity and exhibited DPPH scavenging activity (IC50 = 50.56 mg/mL). Embryo toxicity assays showed that a concentration of 60 μg/mL showed the highest rates of lethality regardless of exposure time. Slower embryogenesis was observed at 40 µg/mL, with non-viable embryos first detected at 50 µg/mL. Extracts showed significant differences (p < 0.01) for tissue regeneration at all concentrations when compared to non-treated samples. In conclusion, Piper sarmentosum extracts accelerated tissue regeneration, and extract concentrations at 60 µg/mL showed the highest toxicity levels for embryo viability.
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Zhao C, Li E, Wang Z, Tian J, Dai Y, Ni Y, Li F, Ma Z, Lin R. Nux Vomica Exposure Triggered Liver Injury and Metabolic Disturbance in Zebrafish Larvae. Zebrafish 2018; 15:610-628. [PMID: 30277848 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2018.1632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish larvae were used to further understand the liver toxicity of nux vomica. The histopathology, protein expression, and gene expression were assessed to confirm apoptosis in the liver, and then, profiles of the metabolites in zebrafish were investigated by untargeted metabolomic assessment to understand the potential toxicity mechanism of nux vomica. Histopathological observations showed that nux vomica caused damage to liver cells. Western blot results indicated increased expression of activated caspase3, and the result of real-time polymerase chain reaction showed a significant increase in the expression level of caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 genes (p < 0.05) compared with the control group. The liver injury from nux vomica was linked to the downregulation of amino acid (e.g., proline and alanine) and fatty acid (e.g., palmitoleic acid) metabolism and upregulation of some other fatty acid (e.g., arachidic acid) and purine (e.g., xanthine and uric acid) metabolism. The hepatotoxicity of nux vomica resulted from metabolic pathway disturbances, including small molecules involved in energy, purine, lipids, and amino acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongjun Zhao
- 1 Beijing Key Lab for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , Beijing, China
| | - Erwen Li
- 1 Beijing Key Lab for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoyi Wang
- 1 Beijing Key Lab for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , Beijing, China
| | - Jinghuan Tian
- 2 CCRF (Beijing), Inc., Shimao International Center Office Building One , Beijing, China
| | - Yihang Dai
- 1 Beijing Key Lab for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ni
- 1 Beijing Key Lab for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , Beijing, China
| | - Farong Li
- 3 Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, Shanxi Normal University , Xi'an, China
| | - Zhiqiang Ma
- 1 Beijing Key Lab for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , Beijing, China
| | - Ruichao Lin
- 1 Beijing Key Lab for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , Beijing, China
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Yuan C, Luo Z, Zhou Y, Lei S, Xu C, Peng C, Li S, Li X, Zhu X, Gao T. Removal of hERG potassium channel affinity through introduction of an oxygen atom: Molecular insights from structure-activity relationships of strychnine and its analogs. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 360:109-119. [PMID: 30282042 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Nux vomica has been effectively used in Traditional Chinese Medicine. The processing of Nux vomica is necessary to reduce toxicity before it can be used in clinical practice. However, the mechanism for processing detoxification is unclear. hERG channels have been subjected to a routine test for compound cardiac toxicity in the drug development process. Therefore, we examined the effects and mechanisms of strychnine and brucine, two main ingredients of Nux vomica, and their N-oxides on hERG channels. Strychnine and brucine exhibited concentration-dependent inhibition of hERG channels with IC50 values of 25.9 μM and 44.18 μM, respectively. However, their nitrogen oxidative derivatives produced by processing of Nux vomica, strychnine N-oxide and brucine N-oxide, lost their activity on hERG channels. Compared to their parent compounds, only an oxygen atom was introduced in the nitrogen oxidative isoforms to compensate for the N+ - charge, suggesting that the protonated nitrogen is the key group for strychnine and brucine binding to hERG channel. Alanine-mutagenesis identified Y652 is the most important residue for strychnine and brucine binding to hERG channel. Y652A mutation increased the IC50 for strychnine and brucine by 21.64-fold and 29.78-fold that of WT IhERG, respectively. Docking simulations suggested that the protonated nitrogen of strychnine and brucine formed a cation-π interaction with the aromatic ring of Y652. This study suggests that introduction of an oxygen to compensate for the N+ - charge could be a useful strategy for reducing hERG potency and increasing the safety margin of alkaloid-type compounds in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders of Guangdong Province, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhengyi Luo
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders of Guangdong Province, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders of Guangdong Province, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Sheng Lei
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders of Guangdong Province, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Changxi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders of Guangdong Province, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Chao Peng
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders of Guangdong Province, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Shuji Li
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders of Guangdong Province, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiaowen Li
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders of Guangdong Province, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xinhong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders of Guangdong Province, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Tianming Gao
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders of Guangdong Province, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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