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Ormaniec P. Occurrence and analysis of microplastics in municipal wastewater, Poland. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:49646-49655. [PMID: 39080172 PMCID: PMC11324700 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34488-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics are a growing environmental threat and wastewater treatment plants have been identified as significant conduits for these pollutants. This study addresses microplastic loading in the influent of a large urban wastewater treatment plant, presenting a detailed analysis of their prevalence and characteristics. Our findings reveal a concentration of 4.09 microplastic particles per litre in the tributary. We performed a detailed statistical comparison of the microplastic particles, categorising them by shape, size, colour, and polymer type. Using Fourier transform total reflectance infrared spectroscopy, we identified 13 different polymer types, with polyethylene terephthalate, rubber, and polyethylene predominating. The analysis showed that textile fibres, mainly from clothing, are the most prevalent form of microplastic in wastewater, followed by fragments from the breakdown of larger plastic objects and films. This research highlights the critical need for strategic interventions to mitigate microplastic pollution at municipal sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Ormaniec
- Department of Environmental Technologies, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Energy, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, Cracow, Poland.
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Wei L, Zhan S, Zhou M, Xu X, You F, Zheng H. A Powerful Strategy for Carbon Reduction: Recyclable Mono-Material Polyethylene Functional Film. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:2196. [PMID: 39125222 PMCID: PMC11314730 DOI: 10.3390/polym16152196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Given the abundant plastics produced globally, and the negative environmental impacts of disposable plastic products throughout their life cycle, there has been significant attention drawn by the general public and governments worldwide. Mono-material multilayer packaging is a potent strategy to address the challenge of carbon emissions as it offers specific functionalities (such as strength and barrier properties) through its layers and facilitates recycling. In this study, a five-layer co-extruded polyethylene composite film LLDPE/mPE/PVA/mPE/LLDPE was taken as a model to investigate its mechanical properties and barrier properties after four recycling cycles. The result revealed that the longitudinal tensile strength and transvers tensile were, respectively, dropped from 29.66 MPa and 24.9 MPa to 21.972 MPa and 19.222 MPa after the recycling; it is shown that the film still has good mechanical properties after the recycling cycle. However, a noticeable decline in the barrier properties was observed after the second recycling. In contrast to traditional plastics, a mono-material film with a 10 wt.% circulating mass could reduce CO2 emissions by 3692.25 kg for every 1.0 ton of plastic products after four recycling cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Wei
- Shanghai Royal New Materials Technology Company Limited, Shanghai 201803, China;
| | - Shengqi Zhan
- Province Key Lab of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, China; (S.Z.); (M.Z.); (X.X.); (F.Y.)
| | - Mingyu Zhou
- Province Key Lab of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, China; (S.Z.); (M.Z.); (X.X.); (F.Y.)
| | - Xuerong Xu
- Province Key Lab of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, China; (S.Z.); (M.Z.); (X.X.); (F.Y.)
| | - Feng You
- Province Key Lab of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, China; (S.Z.); (M.Z.); (X.X.); (F.Y.)
| | - Huaming Zheng
- Province Key Lab of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, China; (S.Z.); (M.Z.); (X.X.); (F.Y.)
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Novel Bionanocomposites Based on Cinnamon Nanoemulsion and TiO2-NPs for Preserving Fresh Chicken Breast Fillets. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-022-02934-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIn this study, bionanocomposite coating solutions were created using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and chitosan (Cs), with different concentrations of cinnamon essential oil in nanoemulsion (n-CEO; 0%, 5%, 10%, and 20%) and TiO2 nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs). The bionanocomposite was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy with EDX, and mechanical and barrier property assessment. Additionally, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties and total phenols were evaluated. Generally, mechanical and barrier properties were enhanced with increasing n-CEO concentrations with a favorable distribution in film matrix. Moreover, total phenols, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities were also enhanced a broader inhibition pattern against A. flavus, gram-positive, and gram-negative bacteria. The influence of n-CEO and TiO2-NPs blended into bionanocomposite on preservation of fresh chicken breast fillets during 21 days of refrigeration was evaluated. Added n-CEO concentration, especially 20%, and TiO2-NPs enhanced antimicrobial properties and extended preservation time up to 14 days compared to uncoated samples. Furthermore, weight loss was decreased during storage of coated samples. Thus, PVA/Cs/TiO2–NPs with n-CEO bionanocomposites may be useful as a coating for chicken breast fillets to control microbial growth and reduce weight loss during cold storage.
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Development and evaluation of antimicrobial LDPE/TiO2 nanocomposites for food packaging applications. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-022-04346-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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POUYAMANESH M, AHARI H, ANVAR AA, KARIM G. Packaging based on Ag-Low Density Polyethylene for shelf-life extension of pasteurized and traditional butters at refrigerated temperature. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.67020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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The Influence of Internal Packaging (Liners) on Moisture Dynamics and Physical and Physiological Quality of Pomegranate Fruit during Cold Storage. Foods 2021; 10:foods10061388. [PMID: 34208467 PMCID: PMC8235431 DOI: 10.3390/foods10061388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Weight loss and decay are common physiological disorders during postharvest handling and storage of pomegranates. The study focused on relating the ability of plastic liners as internal packaging to modify both gaseous and moisture atmosphere around the fruit to moisture dynamics and physical and physiological quality of pomegranate fruit (cv. Wonderful) during storage. Fruit were packed with no-liner, non-perforated ‘Decco’, non-perforated ‘Zoe’, micro-perforated Xtend®, 2 mm macro-perforated high density polyethylene (HDPE), and 4 mm macro-perforated HDPE plastic liners. After 84 days of storage at 5 °C and 90–95% relative humidity (RH), fruit packed with no-liner lost 15.6 ± 0.3% of initial weight. Non-perforated (Decco and Zoe) liners minimised losses to 0.79 and 0.82% compared to Xtend® micro-perforated (4.17%) and 2 mm HDPE (2.44%) and 4 mm macro-perforated HDPE (4.17%) liners, respectively. Clearly, micro- and macro-perforation of liners minimised moisture condensation, fruit decay, and shrivel severity. Micro-perforated Xtend® and macro-perforated 4 mm HDPE were the best treatments in minimising postharvest losses that are often associated with inadequate environment control inside packaging compared to the use of non-perforated liners.
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Salawi A, Nazzal S. The physiochemical, mechanical, and adhesive properties of solvent-cast vitamin E/Soluplus® films. Int J Pharm 2018; 552:378-387. [PMID: 30308273 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Soluplus® is an amphiphilic graft copolymer used in hot melt extrusion applications and electrospinning. Very little information is available on the use of Soluplus® as a film former and in the development of film-based formulations. The overall aim of this work was to study the mechanical and adhesive properties of Soluplus® films prepared by the solvent casting technique. More specifically, we discovered that vitamin E can serve as a plasticizer for the Soluplus® polymer and to significantly modulate its mechanical and adhesive properties. Vitamin E (0-75% w/w) and Soluplus® were dissolved in ethanol and cast on liners to produce transparent films. Cast films were tested for their physiochemical properties by IR, XRD, and MDSC, and for their adhesive and mechanical properties by texture analysis. Vitamin E was found to be miscible with Soluplus® and to reduce the crystallinity of the films. Vitamin E also decreased the films' tensile strength and Young's modulus while significantly increasing their percent elongation. The most notable effect was the observed increase in the adhesiveness (tackiness) and hydrophobicity of the films, which was evidenced by a significant increase in their water contact angle and a decrease in their swelling capacity and disintegration. These observations indicated that vitamin E/Soluplus® blends might be used for the preparation of highly pliable films, especially when made with 30-50% vitamin E, and in the development of a new type of pressure sensitive adhesive films when prepared with ≥65% vitamin E load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Salawi
- College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA, USA; College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami Nazzal
- College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA, USA; School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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Moura LE, de Souza CO, de Oliveira EAS, Lemos PVF, Druzian JI. Bioactive efficacy of low-density polyethylene films with natural additives. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lídia Eloy Moura
- Department of Food Science, College of Pharmacy; Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Barão of Jeremoabo, Ondina; Salvador BA 40171-970 Brazil
| | - Carolina Oliveira de Souza
- Department of Food Science, College of Pharmacy; Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Barão of Jeremoabo, Ondina; Salvador BA 40171-970 Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Vitor França Lemos
- Department of Food Science, College of Pharmacy; Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Barão of Jeremoabo, Ondina; Salvador BA 40171-970 Brazil
| | - Janice Izabel Druzian
- Department of Food Science, College of Pharmacy; Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Barão of Jeremoabo, Ondina; Salvador BA 40171-970 Brazil
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Modelling approaches for designing and evaluating the performance of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) systems for fresh produce: A review. Food Packag Shelf Life 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpsl.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Perforation-mediated modified atmosphere packaging of fresh and minimally processed produce—A review. Food Packag Shelf Life 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpsl.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Pâslaru E, Fras Zemljic L, Bračič M, Vesel A, Petrinić I, Vasile C. Stability of a chitosan layer deposited onto a polyethylene surface. J Appl Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/app.39329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Pâslaru
- Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry; Physical Chemistry of Polymers Department; 41A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley; 700487; Iasi; Romania
| | - Lidija Fras Zemljic
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering; University of Maribor; Smetanova Ulica 17; SI-2000; Maribor; Slovenia
| | - Matej Bračič
- Institute for Textile Chemistry; Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Laboratory for Characterization and Processing of Polymers; University of Maribor; Smetanova Ulica 17; SI-2000; Maribor; Slovenia
| | - Alenka Vesel
- Jožef Stefan Institute; Jamova 39; 1000; Ljubljana; Slovenia
| | - Irena Petrinić
- Center of Excellence for Polymer Materials and Technologies; Tehnološki Park 24; 1000; Ljubljana; Slovenia
| | - Cornelia Vasile
- Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry; Physical Chemistry of Polymers Department; 41A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley; 700487; Iasi; Romania
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Lan R, Wang G, Yang L, Wang TJ, Kan C, Jin Y. Prediction of Release Characteristics of Film-Coated Urea from Structure Characterization Data of the Film. Chem Eng Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201200459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Hollis FH, Halpern BP. Assessment of Low-Density Polyethylene Squeeze Bottles in Delivering Wine Vapor-Phase Stimuli: A Preliminary Study. J SENS STUD 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-459x.2012.00395.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruce P. Halpern
- Departments of Psychology and Neurobiology and Behavior; Cornell University; Ithaca; NY; 14853
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Mills A, Lawrie K, Bardin J, Apedaile A, Skinner GA, O'Rourke C. An O2smart plastic film for packaging. Analyst 2012; 137:106-12. [DOI: 10.1039/c1an15774d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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ZHOU LING, LV SINING, HE GUIPING, HE QIANG, SHI BI. EFFECT OF PE/AG2O NANO-PACKAGING ON THE QUALITY OF APPLE SLICES. J FOOD QUALITY 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4557.2011.00385.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Selective ethylene-permeable zeolite composite double-layered film for novel modified atmosphere packaging. POLYM ENG SCI 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.21924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Boateng JS, Stevens HN, Eccleston GM, Auffret AD, Humphrey MJ, Matthews KH. Development and mechanical characterization of solvent-cast polymeric films as potential drug delivery systems to mucosal surfaces. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2009; 35:986-96. [DOI: 10.1080/03639040902744704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Techavises N, Hikida Y. Development of a mathematical model for simulating gas and water vapor exchanges in modified atmosphere packaging with macroscopic perforations. J FOOD ENG 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2007.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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