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Ohtsuka J, Fukumura M, Tsurudome M, Hara K, Nishio M, Kawano M, Nosaka T. Vero/BC-F: an efficient packaging cell line stably expressing F protein to generate single round-infectious human parainfluenza virus type 2 vector. Gene Ther 2014; 21:775-84. [PMID: 24942630 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2014.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A stable packaging cell line (Vero/BC-F) constitutively expressing fusion (F) protein of the human parainfluenza virus type 2 (hPIV2) was established for production of the F-defective and single round-infectious hPIV2 vector in a strategy for recombinant vaccine development. The F gene expression has not evoked cytostatic or cytotoxic effects on the Vero/BC-F cells and the F protein was physiologically active to induce syncytial formation with giant polykaryocytes when transfected with a plasmid expressing hPIV2 hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN). Transduction of the F-defective replicon RNA into the Vero/BC-F cells led to the release of the infectious particles that packaged the replicon RNA (named as hPIV2ΔF) without detectable mutations, limiting the infectivity to a single round. The maximal titer of the hPIV2ΔF was 6.0 × 10(8) median tissue culture infections dose per ml. The influenza A virus M2 gene was inserted into hPIV2ΔF, and the M2 protein was found to be highly expressed in a human lung cancer cell line after transduction. Furthermore, in vivo airway infection experiments revealed that the hPIV2ΔF was capable of delivering transgenes to hamster tracheal cells. Thus, non-transmissible or single round-infectious hPIV2 vector will be potentially applicable to human gene therapy or recombinant vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ohtsuka
- 1] Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan [2] Biocomo Inc., Komono, Komono-cho, Mie, Japan
| | - M Fukumura
- 1] Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan [2] Biocomo Inc., Komono, Komono-cho, Mie, Japan
| | - M Tsurudome
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - K Hara
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - M Nishio
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - M Kawano
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - T Nosaka
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
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Influence of antigen insertion site and vector dose on immunogenicity and protective capacity in Sendai virus-based human parainfluenza virus type 3 vaccines. J Virol 2013; 87:5959-69. [PMID: 23514887 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00227-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Recombinant Sendai virus (rSeV) was used as a live, attenuated vaccine vector for intranasal inoculation and mucosal expression of the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) surface glycoprotein of human parainfluenza virus type 3 (HPIV3). Two vaccine candidates rSeV-HPIV3HN(P-M) and rSeV-HPIV3(F-HN) were constructed in which the HPIV3 HN open reading frame and an additional gene junction was inserted in the P-M and F-HN gene junctions of rSeV, respectively. The rSeV-HPIV3HN(P-M) virus was attenuated compared to rSeV-HPIV3(F-HN) in LLC-MK2 cells, and yet both vaccine candidates grew to similar extents in NHBE cells and in the respiratory tracts of cotton rats. These results suggest that in vitro vector growth in NHBE cells more accurately predicts virus yield in cotton rats than does growth in LLC-MK2 cells. Both vaccine vectors elicited high levels of serum neutralizing antibodies and conferred protection from HPIV3 challenge in cotton rats. Compared to vaccination with a high dose (2,000,000 PFU), intranasal inoculation with a low dose (200 PFU) resulted in a 10-fold decrease in vector growth in the nasal cavity and trachea and a 50-fold decrease in the lungs. However, low-dose vaccination resulted in only modest decreases in anti-HPIV3 antibodies in sera and was sufficient to confer complete protection from HPIV3 challenge. Varying the HPIV3 antigen insertion site and vector dose allowed fine-tuning of the in vivo growth and immunogenicity of rSeV-based vaccines, but all four vaccination strategies tested resulted in complete protection from HPIV3 challenge. These results highlight the versatility of the rSeV platform for developing intranasally administered respiratory virus vaccines.
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Human PIV-2 recombinant Sendai virus (rSeV) elicits durable immunity and combines with two additional rSeVs to protect against hPIV-1, hPIV-2, hPIV-3, and RSV. Vaccine 2009; 27:1848-57. [PMID: 19200447 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2008] [Revised: 01/12/2009] [Accepted: 01/14/2009] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The human parainfluenza viruses (hPIVs) and respiratory syncytial viruses (RSVs) are the leading causes of hospitalizations due to respiratory viral disease in infants and young children, but no vaccines are yet available. Here we describe the use of recombinant Sendai viruses (rSeVs) as candidate vaccine vectors for these respiratory viruses in a cotton rat model. Two new Sendai virus (SeV)-based hPIV-2 vaccine constructs were generated by inserting the fusion (F) gene or the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) gene from hPIV-2 into the rSeV genome. The inoculation of either vaccine into cotton rats elicited neutralizing antibodies toward both homologous and heterologous hPIV-2 virus isolates. The vaccines elicited robust and durable antibodies toward hPIV-2, and cotton rats immunized with individual or mixed vaccines were fully protected against hPIV-2 infections of the lower respiratory tract. The immune responses toward a single inoculation with rSeV vaccines were long-lasting and cotton rats were protected against viral challenge for as long as 11 months after vaccination. One inoculation with a mixture of the hPIV-2-HN-expressing construct and two additional rSeVs (expressing the F protein of RSV and the HN protein of hPIV-3) resulted in protection against challenge viruses hPIV-1, hPIV-2, hPIV-3, and RSV. Results identify SeV vectors as promising vaccine candidates for four different paramyxoviruses, each responsible for serious respiratory infections in children.
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Marsh GA, Tannock GA. The role of reverse genetics in the development of vaccines against respiratory viruses. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2006; 5:369-80. [PMID: 15833074 PMCID: PMC7105756 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.5.3.369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Despite their significance, the only available vaccines against respiratory viruses are
those for the prevention of influenza. Attempts have been made to produce vaccines against
other respiratory viruses using traditional techniques, but have met with little success.
Reverse genetics, although still a r-elatively new tool for the manipulation of
negative-strand RNA viruses, has great potential for the preparation of vaccines against
many of the common respiratory viruses. In the preparation of live vaccines, reverse
genetics s-ystems allow the direct modification of the specific regions in the genomes of
negative-stranded RNA viruses concerned with attenuation; the ultimate goal is the
introduction of site-specific mutations through a cDNA intermediate in order to develop
strains with the requisite attenuation, antigenic and growth properties needed in a
vaccine. These techniques can also be used to disarm potentially highly pathogenic
viruses, such as emerging H5N1 avian influenza viruses, in order to facilitate large-scale
preparation of viruses for use in inactivated vaccines under conditions of manufacturing
safety. Before these vaccines become available, residual issues concerned with
intellectual property rights to the technology and its application will need to be
resolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- GA Marsh
- Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Department of
Microbiology, Box 1124, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - GA Tannock
- RMIT University, Department of Biotechnology and
Environmental Biology, PO Box 71, Bundoora Vic., 3083, Australia .
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Bukreyev A, Huang Z, Yang L, Elankumaran S, St Claire M, Murphy BR, Samal SK, Collins PL. Recombinant newcastle disease virus expressing a foreign viral antigen is attenuated and highly immunogenic in primates. J Virol 2005; 79:13275-84. [PMID: 16227250 PMCID: PMC1262603 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.79.21.13275-13284.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Paramyxoviruses such as human parainfluenza viruses that bear inserts encoding protective antigens of heterologous viruses can induce an effective immunity against the heterologous viruses in experimental animals. However, vectors based on common human pathogens would be expected to be restricted in replication in the adult human population due to high seroprevalence, an effect that would reduce vector immunogenicity. To address this issue, we evaluated Newcastle disease virus (NDV), an avian paramyxovirus that is serotypically distinct from common human pathogens, as a vaccine vector. Two strains were evaluated: the attenuated vaccine strain LaSota (NDV-LS) that replicates mostly in the chicken respiratory tract and the Beaudette C (NDV-BC) strain of intermediate virulence that produces mild systemic infection in chickens. A recombinant version of each virus was modified by the insertion, between the P and M genes, of a gene cassette encoding the human parainfluenza virus type 3 (HPIV3) hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) protein, a test antigen with considerable historic data. The recombinant viruses were administered to African green monkeys (NDV-BC and NDV-LS) and rhesus monkeys (NDV-BC only) by combined intranasal and intratracheal routes at a dose of 10(6.5) PFU per site, with a second equivalent dose administered 28 days later. Little or no virus shedding was detected in nose-throat swabs or tracheal lavages following immunization with either strain. In a separate experiment, direct examination of lung tissue confirmed a highly attenuated, restricted pattern of replication by parental NDV-BC. The serum antibody response to the foreign HN protein induced by the first immunization with either NDV vector was somewhat less than that observed following a wild-type HPIV3 infection; however, the titer following the second dose exceeded that observed with HPIV3 infection, even though HPIV3 replicates much more efficiently than NDV in these animals. NDV appears to be a promising vector for the development of vaccines for humans; one application would be in controlling localized outbreaks of emerging pathogens.
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Olszewska W, Helson R, Openshaw PJM. Vaccines for the prevention of respiratory viral infections: problems and current status. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2004; 13:681-9. [PMID: 15174954 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.13.6.681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Acute respiratory virus infections cause the majority of lower respiratory tract illnesses and hospitalisations of infants and the elderly. The emergence of new respiratory viruses and a high probability that influenza will cause further pandemics highlights the necessity for developing better preventative strategies. Although there is a clear and pressing need for vaccines to prevent respiratory syncytial virus, rhinoviruses, coronaviruses, parainfluenza and human metapneumovirus, progress has been extremely slow. This review presents the current status of vaccine development for respiratory viral diseases and outlines novel approaches for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wieslawa Olszewska
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Wright Fleming Institute for Infection and Immunity, National Heart and Lung Division, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, St. Mary's Campus, Paddington, London W2 1PG, UK.
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von Messling V, Cattaneo R. Toward novel vaccines and therapies based on negative-strand RNA viruses. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2004; 283:281-312. [PMID: 15298173 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-06099-5_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The study of negative-strand RNA viruses has suggested new strategies to produce more attenuated viruses. Reverse genetics has allowed the implementation of the strategies, and new or improved monovalent vaccines are being developed. In addition, recombinant viruses expressing foreign proteins or epitopes have been produced with the aim of developing multivalent vaccines capable of stimulating humoral and cellular immune responses against more than one pathogen. Finally, recombinant viruses that selectively enter cells expressing tumor markers or the HIV envelope protein have been engineered and shown to lyse target cells. Preclinical and clinical trials of improved and multivalent vaccines and therapeutic (oncolytic) viruses are ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- V von Messling
- Molecular Medicine Program, Mayo Foundation, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Skiadopoulos MH, Surman SR, Riggs JM, Orvell C, Collins PL, Murphy BR. Evaluation of the replication and immunogenicity of recombinant human parainfluenza virus type 3 vectors expressing up to three foreign glycoproteins. Virology 2002; 297:136-52. [PMID: 12083844 DOI: 10.1006/viro.2002.1415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The level of replication and immunogenicity of recombinant parainfluenza virus type 3 (rHPIV3) bearing one, two, or three gene insertions expressing foreign protective antigens was examined. cDNA-derived recombinant HPIV3s bearing genes encoding the open reading frames (ORFs) of the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) of HPIV1, the HN of HPIV2, or the hemagglutinin (HA) of measles virus replicated efficiently in vitro, including the largest recombinant, which had three gene unit insertions and which was almost 23 kb in length, 50% longer than unmodified HPIV3. Several viruses were recovered from cDNAs whose genome length was not a multiple of six nucleotides and these contained nucleotide insertions that corrected the length to be a multiple of 6, confirming that the "rule of six" applies to HPIV3. Using a hemagglutination inhibition assay, we determined that the HPIV1 HN expressed by recombinant HPIV3 was incorporated into HPIV3 virions, whereas using this assay incorporation of the HPIV2 HN could not be detected. HPIV3 virions bearing HPIV1 HN were not neutralized by HPIV1 antiserum but were readily neutralized by antibodies to the HPIV3 HN or fusion protein (F). Viruses with inserts were restricted for replication in the respiratory tract of hamsters, and the level of restriction was a function of the total number of genes inserted, the nature of the insert, and the position of the inserted gene in the gene order. A single insert of HPIV2 HN or measles virus HA reduced the in vivo replication of rHPIV3 up to 25-fold, whereas the HPIV1 HN insert decreased replication almost 1000-fold. This indicates that the HPIV1 HN insert has an attenuating effect in addition to that of the extra gene insert itself, presumably because it is incorporated into the virus particle. Viruses containing two inserts were generally more attenuated than those with a single insert, and viruses with three inserts were over-attenuated for replication in hamsters. Inserts between the N and P genes were slightly more attenuating than those between the P and the M genes. A recombinant HPIV3 bearing both the HPIV1 and the HPIV2 HN genes (r1HN 2HN) was attenuated, immunogenic, and protected immunized hamsters from challenge with HPIV1, HPIV2, and HPIV3. Thus, it is possible to use a single HPIV vector expressing two foreign gene inserts to protect infants and young children from the severe lower respiratory tract disease caused by the three major human PIV pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario H Skiadopoulos
- Respiratory Viruses Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
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