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Deng K, Huang Z, Jing B, Zhu L, Feng Y, Jiang Q, Xu Z, Wan H, Zhao X. Mucoadhesive chitosan-catechol as an efficient vaccine delivery system for intranasal immunization. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 273:133008. [PMID: 38852736 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
The mucosal barrier and scavenging effect of the mucosal layer are two main obstacles in inducing mucosal immunization. To overcome these obstacles, we synthesized a bio-inspired mucoadhesive material, chitosan-catechol (ChiC), for surface modification of inactive porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV). Studies have revealed that PEDV particles can be facilely and mildly modified by Chi-C forming Chi-C-PEDV nanoparticles (Chic-Ps) through the covalent and electrostatic bond, which effectively prolongs the retention time of PEDV in the nasal mucosa. The cell co-culture model demonstrated that Chic-Ps exhibit enhanced recruitment of dendritic cells via the secretion of stimulating chemokine CCL20 and improving antigen permeability by disruption the distribution of ZO-1 protein in epithelial cells. Additionally, the flow cytometry (FCM) analysis revealed that Chic-Ps facilitate trafficking to lymph nodes and induce stronger cellular and humoral immune responses compared to unmodified PEDV. Notably, Chic-Ps induced a higher level of PEDV neutralizing antibody was induced by Chic-Ps in the nasal washes, as confirmed by a plaque reduction neutralization test. These results demonstrate that Chi-C is a promising nasal delivery system for vaccines. Proof of principle was obtained for inactivated PEDV, but similar delivery mechanisms could be applied in other vaccines when intranasal administration is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Deng
- Center for Infectious Diseases Control (CIDC), Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Center for Sustainable Antimicrobials, Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhengqun Huang
- Center for Infectious Diseases Control (CIDC), Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Center for Sustainable Antimicrobials, Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Bo Jing
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yumei Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University at Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qin Jiang
- College of Environmental Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhiwen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Hongping Wan
- Center for Infectious Diseases Control (CIDC), Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Center for Sustainable Antimicrobials, Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Xinghong Zhao
- Center for Infectious Diseases Control (CIDC), Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Center for Sustainable Antimicrobials, Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
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Wan H, Deng K, Huang Z, Yang Y, Jing B, Feng Y, Li Y, Liu Y, Lu M, Zhao X. Pathogen-Mimicking Nanoparticles Based on Rigid Nanomaterials as an Efficient Subunit Vaccine Delivery System for Intranasal Immunization. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2401120. [PMID: 38888501 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202401120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Despite the safety profile of subunit vaccines, the inferior immunogenicity hinders their application in the nasal cavity. This study introduces a novel antigen delivery and adjuvant system utilizing mucoadhesive chitosan-catechol (Chic) on silica spiky nanoparticles (Ssp) to enhance immunity through multiple mechanisms. The Chic functionalizes the Ssp surface and incorporates with SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor-binding domain (RBD) and toll-like receptor (TLR)9 agonist unmethylated cytosine-guanine (CpG) motif, forming uniform virus-like nanoparticles (Ssp-Chic-RBD-CpG) via electrostatic and covalent interactions. Ssp-Chic-RBD-CpG, mimicking the morphology and function of inactive virions, effectively prolongs the retention time of RBD in the nasal mucosa by 3.92-fold compared to RBD alone, enhances the maturation of dendritic cells (DCs), and facilitates the antigen trafficking to the draining lymph nodes, which subsequently induces a stronger mucosal immunity. Mechanistically, the enhanced chemokine chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20 (CCL20)-driven DCs recruitment and maturation by Ssp-Chic-RBD-CpG are evidenced by a cell co-culture model. In addition, the overexpression of TLR4/9 and activation of MYD88/NF-κB signaling pathway in activation of DCs are observed. Proof of principle is obtained for RBD, but similar delivery mechanisms can be applied in other protein-based subunit vaccines as well when intranasal administration is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongping Wan
- Center for Infectious Diseases Control (CIDC), Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Kai Deng
- Center for Infectious Diseases Control (CIDC), Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zhengqun Huang
- Center for Infectious Diseases Control (CIDC), Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yunhan Yang
- Center for Infectious Diseases Control (CIDC), Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Bo Jing
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yumei Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University at Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yuanfeng Li
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 325001, China
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 325001, China
| | - Mingqin Lu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Xinghong Zhao
- Center for Infectious Diseases Control (CIDC), Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Center for Sustainable Antimicrobials, Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
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Shalash AO, Hussein WM, Skwarczynski M, Toth I. Hookworm infection: Toward development of safe and effective peptide vaccines. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 148:1394-1419.e6. [PMID: 34872650 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hookworms are hematophagous nematode parasites that have infected a billion people worldwide. Anthelmintic drugs have limited efficacy and do not prevent reinfection. Therefore, prophylactic vaccines are in high demand. Whole parasite vaccines are allergic and unsafe; thus, research into subunit vaccines has been warranted. A comprehensive overview of protein or peptide subunit vaccines' safety, protective efficacy, and associated immune responses is provided herein. The differences between the immune responses against hookworm infection by patients from epidemic versus nonepidemic areas are discussed in detail. Moreover, the different immunologic mechanisms of protection are discussed, including those that rely on allergic and nonallergic humoral and antibody-dependent cellular responses. The allergic and autoimmune potential of hookworm antigens is also explored, as are the immunoregulatory responses induced by the hookworm secretome. The potential of oral mucosal immunizations has been overlooked. Oral immunity against hookworms is a long-lived and safer immune response that is associated with elimination of infection and protective against reinfections. However, the harsh conditions of the gastrointestinal environment necessitates special oral delivery systems to unlock vaccines' protective potential. The potential for development of safer and more effective peptide- and protein-based anthelmintic vaccines is explored herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed O Shalash
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Waleed M Hussein
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mariusz Skwarczynski
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Istvan Toth
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia; School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia.
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Raya-Tonetti F, Müller M, Sacur J, Kitazawa H, Villena J, Vizoso-Pinto MG. Novel LysM motifs for antigen display on lactobacilli for mucosal immunization. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21691. [PMID: 34737363 PMCID: PMC8568972 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01087-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We characterized two LysM domains of Limosilactobacillus fermentum, belonging to proteins Acglu (GenBank: KPH22907.1) and Pgb (GenBank: KPH22047.1) and bacterium like particles (BLP) derived from the immunomodulatory strain Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus IBL027 (BLPs027) as an antigen display platform. The fluorescence protein Venus fused to the novel LysM domains could bind to the peptidoglycan shell of lactobacilli and resisted harsh conditions such as high NaCl and urea concentrations. Acglu with five LysM domains was a better anchor than Pgb baring only one domain. Six-week-old BALB/c mice were nasally immunized with the complex Venus-Acglu-BLPs027 at days 0, 14 and 28. The levels of specific serum IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a and the levels of total immunoglobulins (IgT) and IgA in broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) were evaluated ten days after the last boosting. Venus-Acglu-BLPs027, nasally administered, significantly increased specific BAL IgT and IgA, and serum IgG levels. In addition, spleen cells of mice immunized with Venus-Acglu-BLPs027 secreted TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-4 when stimulated ex vivo in a dose-dependent manner. We constructed a Gateway compatible destination vector to easily fuse the selected LysM domain to proteins of interest for antigen display to develop mucosal subunit vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Raya-Tonetti
- Infection Biology Laboratory, Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, 4000, Tucumán, Argentina.,Laboratorio de Ciencias Básicas & Or. Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, 4000, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Melisa Müller
- Infection Biology Laboratory, Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, 4000, Tucumán, Argentina.,Laboratorio de Ciencias Básicas & Or. Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, 4000, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Jacinto Sacur
- Infection Biology Laboratory, Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, 4000, Tucumán, Argentina.,Laboratorio de Ciencias Básicas & Or. Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, 4000, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Haruki Kitazawa
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8572, Japan. .,Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8572, Japan.
| | - Julio Villena
- Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET), 4000, Tucumán, Argentina.
| | - Maria Guadalupe Vizoso-Pinto
- Infection Biology Laboratory, Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, 4000, Tucumán, Argentina. .,Laboratorio de Ciencias Básicas & Or. Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, 4000, Tucumán, Argentina.
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Jaber N, Al-Remawi M, Al-Akayleh F, Al-Muhtaseb N, Al-Adham ISI, Collier PJ. A review of the antiviral activity of Chitosan, including patented applications and its potential use against COVID-19. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 132:41-58. [PMID: 34218488 PMCID: PMC8447037 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan is an abundant organic polysaccharide, which can be relatively easily obtained by chemical modification of animal or fungal source materials. Chitosan and its derivatives have been shown to exhibit direct antiviral activity, to be useful vaccine adjuvants and to have potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity. This thorough and timely review looks at the recent history of investigations into the role of chitosan and its derivatives as an antiviral agent and proposes a future application in the treatment of endemic SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisrein Jaber
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mayyas Al-Remawi
- Faculty of Pharmacy & Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman, Jordan
| | - Faisal Al-Akayleh
- Faculty of Pharmacy & Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman, Jordan
| | - Najah Al-Muhtaseb
- Faculty of Pharmacy & Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman, Jordan
| | | | - Phillip J Collier
- Faculty of Pharmacy & Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman, Jordan
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Maeyama JI, Kurata-Iesato Y, Isaka M, Komiya T, Sakurai S. Induction of antibody responses in mice immunized intranasally with Type I interferon as adjuvant and synergistic effect of chitosan. Microbiol Immunol 2020; 64:610-619. [PMID: 32662896 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Type I IFNs are a range of host-derived molecules with adjuvant potential; they have been used for many years in the treatment of cancer and viral hepatitis. Therefore, the safety of IFNs for human use has been established. In this study, we evaluated the mucosal adjuvanticity of IFN-β administered intranasally to mice with diphtheria toxoid, and suggested a method to improve its adjuvanticity. When IFN-β alone was used as a mucosal adjuvant, no clear results were obtained. However, simultaneous administration of IFN-β and chitosan resulted in an enhancement of the specific serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA antibody responses, the mucosal IgA antibody response, and antitoxin titers. Furthermore, the intranasal administration of IFN-α alone resulted in a greater increase in antibody titer than IFN-β, and a synergistic effect with chitosan was also observed. These findings suggest that intranasal administration of chitosan and Type I IFNs may display an effective synergistic mucosal adjuvant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ichi Maeyama
- Department of Safety Research on Blood and Biological Products, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Kurata-Iesato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, Toray Industries Inc., Mishima, Japan
| | - Masanori Isaka
- Department of Microbiology, Nagoya City University Medical School, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takako Komiya
- Department of Bacterial Pathogenesis and Infection, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shingou Sakurai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
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Identification of Immunogenic Antigens of Naegleria fowleri Adjuvanted by Cholera Toxin. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9060460. [PMID: 32531943 PMCID: PMC7350353 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9060460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The intranasal administration of Naegleria fowleri lysates plus cholera toxin (CT) increases protection against N. fowleri meningoencephalitis in mice, suggesting that humoral immune response mediated by antibodies is crucial to induce protection against the infection. In the present study, we applied a protein analysis to detect and identify immunogenic antigens from N. fowleri, which might be responsible for such protection. A Western blot assay of N. fowleri polypeptides was performed using the serum and nasal washes from mice immunized with N. fowleri lysates, either alone or with CT after one, two, three, or four weekly immunizations and challenged with trophozoites of N. fowleri. Immunized mice with N. fowleri plus CT, after four doses, had the highest survival rate (100%). Nasal or sera IgA and IgG antibody response was progressively stronger as the number of immunizations was increased, and that response was mainly directed to 250, 100, 70, 50, 37, and 19 kDa polypeptide bands, especially in the third and fourth immunization. Peptides present in these immunogenic bands were matched by nano-LC–ESI-MSMS with different proteins, which could serve as candidates for a vaccine against N. fowleri infection.
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Xing L, Zhou TJ, Fan YT, He YJ, Pang T, Cho KH, Lu JJ, Jiang HL, Cho CS. Efficient Mucosal Immunization by Mucoadhesive and pH-Sensitive Polymeric Vaccine Delivery System. Macromol Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-019-7042-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Tien NQD, Huy NX, Kim MY. Improved expression of porcine epidemic diarrhea antigen by fusion with cholera toxin B subunit and chloroplast transformation in Nicotiana tabacum. PLANT CELL, TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE 2019; 137:213-223. [PMID: 32214566 PMCID: PMC7089040 DOI: 10.1007/s11240-019-01562-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) belongs to the coronavirus family, which causes acute diarrhea in pigs with higher mortality in piglets less than 2 weeks old. The PEDV is one of the major concerns of the pig industry around the world, including Asian countries and Noth America since first identified in Europe. Currently, there is no PEDV licensed vaccine to effectively prevent this disease. This study was performed for the development of a mucosal PEDV vaccine and B subunit of cholera toxin (CTB) as a carrier was employed to surpass the tolerogenic nature of GALT and induce potent immune responses against the target antigen fused to CTB. An epitope (S1D) alone or conjugated with CTB was constructed into the tobacco chloroplasts expression vector which is controlled under the chloroplast rRNA operon promoter with T7g10 5' UTR and the psbA 3'UTR as a terminator. The homoplastomic lines were obtained by third round screening via organogenesis from the leaf tissues which were verified by PCR with antigen and chloroplast specific primers and then confirmed by Southern blot analysis. While the expression level of the S1D alone as detected by Western blotting was approximately 0.07% of total soluble protein, the CTB-S1D fusion protein was expressed up to 1.4%. The fusion protein showed binding to the intestinal membrane GM1-ganglioside receptor, demonstrating its functionality. The result shows that the highest expression of S1D could be achieved by fusion with a stable CTB protein and chloroplast transformation. Furthermore, the CTB-S1D expressed in chloroplasts of Nicotiana tabacum cv. Maryland could be assembled to pentameric form which increases the possibility to develop a mucosal vaccine against PEDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen-Quang-Duc Tien
- Bioactive Material Science, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
- College of Sciences, Hue University, Hue City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen-Xuan Huy
- Department of Molecular Biology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
- College of Education, Hue University, Hue City, Vietnam
| | - Mi-Young Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
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Tifrea DF, Pal S, Le Bon C, Giusti F, Popot JL, Cocco MJ, Zoonens M, de la Maza LM. Co-delivery of amphipol-conjugated adjuvant with antigen, and adjuvant combinations, enhance immune protection elicited by a membrane protein-based vaccine against a mucosal challenge with Chlamydia. Vaccine 2018; 36:6640-6649. [PMID: 30293763 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.09.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chlamydial infections are spread worldwide and a vaccine is needed to control this pathogen. The goals of this study were to determine if the delivery of an adjuvant associated to the antigen, via a derivatized amphipol, and adjuvant combinations improve vaccine protection. METHODS A novel approach, trapping the Chlamydia muridarum (Cm) native MOMP (nMOMP) with amphipols (A8-35), bearing a covalently conjugated peptide (EP67), was used. Adjuvants incorporated were: EP67 either conjugated to A8-35, which was used to trap nMOMP (nMOMP/EP67-A8-35), or free as a control, added to nMOMP/A8-35 complexes (nMOMP/A8-35+EP67); Montanide ISA 720 to enhance humoral responses, and CpG-1826 to elicit robust cell-mediated immunity (CMI). BALB/c mice were immunized by mucosal and systemic routes. Intranasal immunization with live Cm was used as positive control and three negative controls were included. Mice were challenged intranasally with Cm and changes in body weight, lungs weight and number of Cm-inclusion forming units (IFU) recovered from the lungs were evaluated to establish protection. To assess local responses levels of IFN- γ and Cm-specific IgA were determined in lungs' supernatants. RESULTS Structural assays demonstrated that nMOMP secondary structure and thermal stability were maintained when A8-35 was covalently modified. Mice vaccinated with nMOMP/EP67-A8-35 were better protected than animals immunized with nMOMP/A8-35+EP67. Addition of Montanide enhanced Th2 responses and improved protection. Including CpG-1826 further broadened, intensified and switched to Th1-biased immune responses. With delivery of nMOMP and the three adjuvants, as determined by changes in body weight, lungs weight and number of IFU recovered from lungs, protection at 10 days post-challenge was equivalent to that induced by immunization with live Cm. CONCLUSIONS Covalent association of EP67 to A8-35, used to keep nMOMP water-soluble, improves protection over that conferred by free EP67. Adjuvant combinations including EP67+Montanide+CpG-1826, by broadening and intensifying cellular and humoral immune responses, further enhanced protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delia F Tifrea
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical Sciences I, Room D440, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4800, USA
| | - Sukumar Pal
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical Sciences I, Room D440, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4800, USA
| | - Christel Le Bon
- C.N.R.S./Université Paris-7 UMR 7099, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 13, rue Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Fabrice Giusti
- C.N.R.S./Université Paris-7 UMR 7099, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 13, rue Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Luc Popot
- C.N.R.S./Université Paris-7 UMR 7099, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 13, rue Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Melanie J Cocco
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1218 Natural Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-3900, USA
| | - Manuela Zoonens
- C.N.R.S./Université Paris-7 UMR 7099, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 13, rue Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, F-75005 Paris, France.
| | - Luis M de la Maza
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical Sciences I, Room D440, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4800, USA.
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Chang CY, Hsu WT, Chao YC, Chang HW. Display of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Spike Protein on Baculovirus to Improve Immunogenicity and Protective Efficacy. Viruses 2018; 10:v10070346. [PMID: 29954081 PMCID: PMC6071207 DOI: 10.3390/v10070346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
A new variant of the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is an emerging swine disease, killing considerable numbers of neonatal piglets in North America and Asia in recent years. To generate immunogens mimicking the complex spike (S) protein folding with proper posttranslational modification to mount a robust immune response against the highly virulent PEDV, two baculoviruses displaying the full-length S protein (S-Bac) and the S1 protein (S1-Bac) of the virulent Taiwan genotype 2b (G2b) PEDV Pintung 52 (PEDV-PT) strain were constructed. Intramuscular immunizations of mice and piglets with the S-Bac and S1-Bac demonstrated significantly higher levels of systemic anti-PEDV S-specific IgG, as compared with control group. Our results also showed that piglets in the S-Bac group elicited superior PEDV-specific neutralizing antibodies than those of the S1-Bac and control groups. The highly virulent PEDV-PT strain challenge experiment showed that piglets immunized with S-Bac and S1-Bac showed milder clinical symptoms with significantly less fecal viral shedding as compared with non-immunized control piglets. More importantly, piglets immunized with the S-Bac exhibited no to mild clinical signs, with a delayed, minimal viral shedding. Our results demonstrated that the S-Bac could serve as a safe, easy to manipulate, and effective vaccine candidate against the PEDV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yu Chang
- School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Ting Hsu
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Chan Chao
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
| | - Hui-Wen Chang
- School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
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Tsuji R, Ikado K, Fujiwara D. Modulation of Innate Immunity by lignin-Carbohydrate, a Novel TLR4 Ligand, Results in Augmentation of Mucosal IgA and Systemic IgG Production. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 19:ijms19010064. [PMID: 29278400 PMCID: PMC5796014 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous study revealed that a specific lignin-carbohydrate preparation, named as lignin-rich enzyme lignin (LREL) derived from plant husk, is a novel toll-like receptor 4 ligand and shows a potent immune-stimulatory activity against dendritic cells (DCs) in vitro. In this report, we investigated immune-stimulatory activity of LREL in vivo. Single intraperitoneal (i.p.) or oral treatment of LREL elicited activation of systemic and mucosal DCs, which were accompanied by significant elevation of cell surface activation markers and ratio of IL-12p40 producing cells. In addition, LREL-fed mice showed not only mucosal DCs activation but also significant increase of IFN-γ+ CD4+ T cells in mesenteric lymph node (MLN), respectively. We further examined the effect of LREL oral immunization in combination with ovalbumin (OVA) on the activation of acquired immune system. In LREL administered group, total mucosal IgA concentration was significantly increased, while antigen-specific immunoglobulin A (IgA) concentration was not changed between groups. On the other hand, both total and antigen-specific IgG concentrations in plasma were significantly increased in the LREL administered group. Taken together, oral treatment of LREL is able to affect mucosal and systemic antibodies induction and might be useful for effective immune-stimulatory functional foods and mucosal vaccine adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryohei Tsuji
- Central Laboratories For Key Technologies, Kirin Co., Ltd., Fukuura 1-13-5, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Kumiko Ikado
- Central Laboratories For Key Technologies, Kirin Co., Ltd., Fukuura 1-13-5, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Fujiwara
- Central Laboratories For Key Technologies, Kirin Co., Ltd., Fukuura 1-13-5, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan.
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A Study on the Virus-Like Particle Formation of Hepatitis E Virus ORF2 and Rotavirus NSP4 Protein in the Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Expression Systems. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2017. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.57671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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15
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Takeuchi T, Hashizume-Takizawa T, Kobayashi R. Oral immunization with Porphyromonas gingivalis outer membrane protein and CpG oligodeoxynucleotides attenuates P. gingivalis-accelerated atherosclerosis and inflammation. J Oral Biosci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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16
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White JA, Haghighi C, Brunner J, Estrada M, Lal M, Chen D. Preformulation studies with the Escherichia coli double mutant heat-labile toxin adjuvant for use in an oral vaccine. J Immunol Methods 2017; 451:83-89. [PMID: 28939395 PMCID: PMC5703769 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Double mutant heat-labile toxin (dmLT) is a promising adjuvant for oral vaccine administration. The aims of our study were to develop sensitive methods to detect low concentrations of dmLT and to use the assays in preformulation studies to determine whether dmLT remains stable under conditions encountered by an oral vaccine. We developed a sandwich ELISA specific for intact dmLT and a sensitive SDS-PAGE densitometry method, and tested stability of dmLT in glass and plastic containers, in saliva, at the pH of stomach fluid, and in high-osmolarity buffers. The developed ELISA has a quantification range of 62.5 to 0.9 ng/mL and lower limit of detection of 0.3 ng/mL; the limit of quantification of the SDS-PAGE is 10 μg/mL. This work demonstrates the application of dmLT assays in preformulation studies to development of an oral vaccine containing dmLT. Assays reported here will facilitate the understanding and use of dmLT as an adjuvant.
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Bailey BA, Desai KGH, Ochyl LJ, Ciotti SM, Moon JJ, Schwendeman SP. Self-encapsulating Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) Microspheres for Intranasal Vaccine Delivery. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:3228-3237. [PMID: 28726424 PMCID: PMC5642922 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Herein we describe a formulation of self-encapsulating poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres for vaccine delivery. Self-healing encapsulation is a novel encapsulation method developed by our group that enables the aqueous loading of large molecules into premade PLGA microspheres. Calcium phosphate (CaHPO4) adjuvant gel was incorporated into the microspheres as a protein-trapping agent for improved encapsulation of antigen. Microspheres were found to have a median size of 7.05 ± 0.31 μm, with a w/w loading of 0.60 ± 0.05% of ovalbumin (OVA) model antigen. The formulation demonstrated continuous release of OVA over a 49-day period. Released OVA maintained its antigenicity over the measured period of >21 days of release. C57BL/6 mice were immunized via the intranasal route with prime and booster doses of OVA (10 μg) loaded into microspheres or coadministered with cholera toxin B (CTB), the gold standard of mucosal adjuvants. Microspheres generated a Th2-type response in both serum and local mucosa, with IgG antibody responses approaching those generated by CTB. The results suggest that this formulation of self-encapsulating microspheres shows promise for further study as a vaccine delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany A. Bailey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Kashappa-Goud H. Desai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Lukasz J. Ochyl
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Susan M. Ciotti
- NanoBio Corporation, 2311 Green Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105, United States
| | - James J. Moon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Steven P. Schwendeman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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18
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Structural Characterization and Physicochemical Stability Profile of a Double Mutant Heat Labile Toxin Protein Based Adjuvant. J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:3474-3485. [PMID: 28780391 PMCID: PMC5690273 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A novel protein adjuvant double-mutant Escherichia coli heat-labile toxin, LT (R192G/L211A) or dmLT, is in preclinical and early clinical development with various vaccine candidates. Structural characterization and formulation development of dmLT will play a key role in its successful process development, scale-up/transfer, and commercial manufacturing. This work describes extensive analytical characterization of structural integrity and physicochemical stability profile of dmLT from a lyophilized clinical formulation. Reconstituted dmLT contained a heterogeneous mixture of intact holotoxin (AB5, ∼75%) and free B5 subunit (∼25%) as assessed by analytical ultracentrifugation and hydrophobic interaction chromatography. Intact mass spectrometry (MS) analysis revealed presence of Lys84 glycation near the native sugar-binding site in dmLT, and forced degradation studies using liquid chromatography-MS peptide mapping demonstrated specific Asn deamidation and Met oxidation sites. Using multiple biophysical measurements, dmLT was found most stable between pH 6.5 and 7.5 and at temperatures ≤50°C. In addition, soluble aggregates and particle formation were observed upon shaking stress. By identifying the physicochemical degradation pathways of dmLT using newly developed stability-indicating analytical methods from this study, we aim at developing more stable candidate formulations of dmLT that will minimize the formation of degradants and improve storage stability, as both a frozen bulk substance and eventually as a liquid final dosage form.
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Kaur L, Sharma A, Yadav AK, Mishra N. Recent advances on biodegradable polymeric carrier-based mucosal immunization: an overview. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 46:452-464. [PMID: 28685588 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2017.1345927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Mucosal administration of vaccine is most prevalent way to induce desired immunity against various types of antigen and microbial in central and in addition, the peripheral blood in most external mucosal surface. Mucosal delivery of vaccine provides both humoral and cellular responses against mucosal infection. Mucosa, which are exposed to heavy loads of commensal and pathogenic microorganism, are one of the main region where infections are built up, also, thus have frontline status in immunity, making mucosa perfect site for vaccines application. The nasal route is favoured over parenteral route due to ease of administration, protection of antigen from degradation and induces sIgA which is not produced by systemic immunity. Natural and synthetic polymers are utilized to get nanoparticles carrier systems for development of nasal mucosal antibodies. The present review summarized the recent development in the field of vaccine delivery by means of mucoadhesive polymeric carriers. This review also describes the recent patent conceded for mucosal immunization utilizing these polymeric carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lovedeep Kaur
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , ISF College of Pharmacy , Moga , Punjab , India
| | - Ankush Sharma
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , ISF College of Pharmacy , Moga , Punjab , India
| | - Awesh Kumar Yadav
- b Department of Pharmaceutics , Bhagyoday Tirth Pharmacy, College , Sagar , Madhya Pradesh , India
| | - Neeraj Mishra
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , ISF College of Pharmacy , Moga , Punjab , India
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Tissera MS, Cowley D, Bogdanovic-Sakran N, Hutton ML, Lyras D, Kirkwood CD, Buttery JP. Options for improving effectiveness of rotavirus vaccines in developing countries. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2017; 13:921-927. [PMID: 27835052 PMCID: PMC5404363 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2016.1252493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Rotavirus gastroenteritis is a leading global cause of mortality and morbidity in young children due to diarrhea and dehydration. Over 85% of deaths occur in developing countries. In industrialised countries, 2 live oral rotavirus vaccines licensed in 2006 quickly demonstrated high effectiveness, dramatically reducing severe rotavirus gastroenteritis admissions in many settings by more than 90%. In contrast, the same vaccines reduced severe rotavirus gastroenteritis by only 30-60% in developing countries, but have been proven life-saving. Bridging this "efficacy gap" offers the possibility to save many more lives of children under the age of 5. The reduced efficacy of rotavirus vaccines in developing settings may be related to differences in transmission dynamics, as well as host luminal, mucosal and immune factors. This review will examine strategies currently under study to target the issue of reduced efficacy and effectiveness of oral rotavirus vaccines in developing settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion S. Tissera
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Enteric Virus Group, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Daniel Cowley
- Enteric Virus Group, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | - Dena Lyras
- Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Carl D. Kirkwood
- Enteric Virus Group, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jim P. Buttery
- Department of Paediatrics & The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Infection and Immunity, Monash Children's Hospital, Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia; SAEFVIC, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
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21
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Wang L, Dai X, Song H, Yuan P, Yang Z, Dong W, Song Z. Inhibition of porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus infection in porcine kidney cells using short hairpin RNAs targeting the membrane gene. Virus Genes 2017; 53:226-232. [PMID: 27848068 PMCID: PMC7089173 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-016-1409-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The membrane (M) protein is the most abundant component of the porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) particle. To exploit the possibility of using RNA interference (RNAi) as a strategy against TGEV infection, three plasmids (pRNAT-1, pRNAT-2, and pRNAT-3) expressing short hairpin RNAs were designed to target three different coding regions of the M gene of TGEV. The plasmids were constructed and transiently transfected into a porcine kidney cells, PK-15, to determine whether these constructs inhibited TGEV production. The analysis of cytopathic effects demonstrated that pRNAT-2 and pRNAT-3 could protect PK-15 cells against pathological changes specifically and efficiently. Additionally, indirect immunofluorescence and 50% tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50) assays showed that pRNAT-2 and pRNAT-3 inhibited the multiplication of the virus at the protein level effectively. Quantitative real-time PCR further confirmed that the amounts of viral RNAs in cell cultures pre-transfected with the three plasmids were reduced by 13, 68, and 70%, respectively. This is the first report showing that RNAi targeting of the M gene. Our results could promote studies of the specific function of viral genes associated with TGEV infection and might provide a theoretical basis for potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Rongchang Campus, Chongqing, 402460, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianjin Dai
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Rongchang Campus, Chongqing, 402460, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Song
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Rongchang Campus, Chongqing, 402460, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Yuan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Rongchang Campus, Chongqing, 402460, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhou Yang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Rongchang Campus, Chongqing, 402460, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Dong
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Rongchang Campus, Chongqing, 402460, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenhui Song
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Rongchang Campus, Chongqing, 402460, People's Republic of China.
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Abstract
The appalling toll on the populations of developing countries as a result of the HIV epidemic shows no signs of abatement. While costly drug therapies are effective in developed nations, the sheer scale of the epidemic elsewhere makes the need for a vaccine an ever more urgent goal. The prevalent DNA prime-viral boost strategy aims to elicit cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTL) against HIV, but this approach is undermined by the rapid mutation of HIV, which thereby escapes CTL control. Alloimmunity has been found to be protective in vertical transmission from infected mothers to their babies, in alloimmunization of women with their partners’ mononuclear cells, and in monkeys immunized with SIV grown in human T-cells. Vaginal mucosal immunization, as a result of unprotected sex with a regular partner, induced in vitro protection against HIV infection, and this was confirmed in macaques. The second type of natural protection is found in persons with the homozygous Δ32 CCR5 mutation, a 32-base-pair deletion of the CCR5 gene, which results in a lack of cell-surface expression of CCR5, which is associated with an increase in CC chemokines and the development of CCR5 antibodies. These two ‘experiments of nature’ have been used to develop vaccine strategies—first, in vaginal immunization of macaques with CCR5 peptides, in addition to HIV envelope (env) and SIV core (gag) antigens, all of which were linked to the 70-kD heat-shock protein (HSP70); and second, in mucosal allo-immunization of macaques, which also gave rise to in vitro protection from infection. Immunization with this vaccine elicited serum and vaginal IgG and IgA antibodies, IFNγ- and IL-12-producing cells, and increased concentrations of CCL-3 and CCL-4. Vaginal challenge with a simian immunodeficiency virus engineered to carry a human envelope protein (SHIV 89.6) showed significant clearance of SHIV in the immunized macaques. This platform strategy will now be developed to activate the co-stimulatory pathways with the aim of enhancing the primary allogeneic and CCR5-directed responses which are involved in natural protection against HIV infection. Abbreviations: IFN-γ, gamma interferon; IL-12, interleukin 12; MIP-1 α,β, Macrophage inflammatory protein-1; RANTES, Regulated on activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted; SDF-1, stromal-derived factor 1; SIV, simian immunodeficiency virus; and SHIV, engineered SIV carrying a human envelope protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Bergmeier
- Mucosal Immunology Unit, Guy's King's and St Thomas' Medical and Dental School, Kings College London, London SE1 9RT, UK.
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Makvandi M, Teimoori A, Neisi N, Samarbafzadeh A. Designing, Construction and Expression of a Recombinant Fusion Protein Comprising the Hepatitis E Virus ORF2 and Rotavirus NSP4 in the Baculovirus Expression System. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2016; 9:e40303. [PMID: 28138375 PMCID: PMC5240165 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.40303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Revised: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The hepatitis E virus (HEV) accounts for hepatitis E infection with relatively high mortality rate in pregnant women that can lead to fulminant hepatitis. The baculovirus expression system (BES) has the capability to produce high-level recombinant proteins and could be useful for vaccine designing. Objectives The aim of this study was designing a recombinant hepatitis E virus ORF2 and Rotavirus NSP4 (ORF2-NSP4) and to evaluating construction these recombinant proteins in the BES. Methods The truncated ORF2 gene (112-607) and truncated ORF2-NSP4 were subcloned in pFastBac1 plasmid, separately, followed by digestion and confirmed by digestion and sequencing. Then the products were transformed into Escherichia coli DH5α and retransformed in DH10Bac competent cells. Finally the white colonies containing Bacmid DNA subjected to PCR for confirming transformation. Bacmid DNA containing HEV truncated ORF2 and HEV truncated ORF2-NSP4 genes were transfected into SF9 cells using BES. The expressed proteins in the cell lysate were evaluated by SDS-PAGE and determined by the western blot assay. Results The lengths of subcloned genes, truncated ORF2 and truncated ORF2-NSP4 were 1500 and 2000bp, respectively. After retransforming in DH10Bac, the size of PCR products were 300 bp in Bacmid DNA without recombination while it was 4300 and 3800 bp in Bacmid truncated ORF2-NSP4 and Bacmid truncated ORF2 PCR products. The analysis of protein expression by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting revealed the presence of 56 KDa for truncated ORF2 and 74.5 KDa for truncated ORF2-NSP4 proteins. Conclusions The results of the present study showed that the baculovirus expression system (SF9 cells) was able to express truncated ORF2 and truncated ORF2-NSP4 proteins as a potential candidate vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoochehr Makvandi
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Research Center, Health Research Institute, Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran
| | - Ali Teimoori
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Research Center, Health Research Institute, Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran
- Research center for Infectious Diseases of Digestive System; Imam Khomeini hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran
| | - Niloofar Neisi
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Research Center, Health Research Institute, Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Niloofar Neisi, Infectious and Tropical Disease Research Center, Health Research Institute, Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran. Tel: +98-9166136984, Fax: +98-6133332036; +98-6133362411, E-mail:
| | - Alireza Samarbafzadeh
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Research Center, Health Research Institute, Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran
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Bacterial toxin's DNA vaccine serves as a strategy for the treatment of cancer, infectious and autoimmune diseases. Microb Pathog 2016; 100:184-194. [PMID: 27671283 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Revised: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
DNA vaccination -a third generation vaccine-is a modern approach to stimulate humoral and cellular responses against different diseases such as infectious diseases, cancer and autoimmunity. These vaccines are composed of a gene that encodes sequences of a desired protein under control of a proper (eukaryotic or viral) promoter. Immune response following DNA vaccination is influenced by the route and the dose of injection. In addition, antigen presentation following DNA administration has three different mechanisms including antigen presentation by transfected myocytes, transfection of professional antigen presenting cells (APCs) and cross priming. Recently, it has been shown that bacterial toxins and their components can stimulate and enhance immune responses in experimental models. A study demonstrated that DNA fusion vaccine encoding the first domain (DOM) of the Fragment C (FrC) of tetanus neurotoxin (CTN) coupled with tumor antigen sequences is highly immunogenic against colon carcinoma. DNA toxin vaccines against infectious and autoimmune diseases are less studied until now. All in all, this novel approach has shown encouraging results in animal models, but it has to go through adequate clinical trials to ensure its effectiveness in human. However, it has been proven that these vaccines are safe, multifaceted and simple and can be used widely in organisms which may be of advantage to public health in the near future. This paper outlines the mechanism of the action of DNA vaccines and their possible application for targeting infectious diseases, cancer and autoimmunity.
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Date AA, Hanes J, Ensign LM. Nanoparticles for oral delivery: Design, evaluation and state-of-the-art. J Control Release 2016; 240:504-526. [PMID: 27292178 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The oral route is a preferred method of drug administration, though achieving effective drug delivery and minimizing off-target side effects is often challenging. Formulation into nanoparticles can improve drug stability in the harsh gastrointestinal (GI) tract environment, providing opportunities for targeting specific sites in the GI tract, increasing drug solubility and bioavailability, and providing sustained release in the GI tract. However, the unique and diverse physiology throughout the GI tract, including wide variation in pH, mucus that varies in thickness and structure, numerous cell types, and various physiological functions are both a barrier to effective delivery and an opportunity for nanoparticle design. Here, nanoparticle design aspects to improve delivery to particular sites in the GI tract are discussed. We then review new methods for evaluating oral nanoparticle formulations, including a short commentary on data interpretation and translation. Finally, the state-of-the-art in preclinical targeted nanoparticle design is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit A Date
- The Center for Nanomedicine, The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 400 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 400 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Justin Hanes
- The Center for Nanomedicine, The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 400 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 400 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Environmental and Health Sciences, Oncology, Neurosurgery, Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Laura M Ensign
- The Center for Nanomedicine, The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 400 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 400 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
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Tsai HC, Wu R. Mechanisms of Cholera Toxin in the Modulation of TH17 Responses. Crit Rev Immunol 2016; 35:135-52. [PMID: 26351147 DOI: 10.1615/critrevimmunol.2015012295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown that TH17 cells and their signature cytokine IL-17A are critical to host defense against various bacterial and fungal infections. The protective responses mediated by TH17 cells and IL-17A include the recruitment of neutrophils, release of antimicrobial peptides and chemokines, and enhanced tight junction of epithelial cells. Due to the importance of TH17 cells in infections, efforts have been made to develop TH17-based vaccines. The goal of vaccination is to establish a protective immunological memory. Most currently approved vaccines are antibody-based and have limited protection against stereotypically different strains. Studies show that T-cell-based vaccines may overcome this limitation and protect hosts against infection of different strains. Two main strategies are used to develop TH17 vaccines: identification of TH17-specific antigens and TH17-skewing adjuvants. Studies have revealed that cholera toxin (CT) induces a potent Th17 response following vaccination. Antigen vaccination along with CT induces a robust TH17 response, which is sometimes accompanied by TH1 responses. Due to the toxicity of CT, it is hard to apply CT in a clinical setting. Thus, understanding how CT modulates TH17 responses may lead to the development of successful TH17-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsing-Chuan Tsai
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Reen Wu
- Center for Comparative Respiratory Biology and Medicine, University of California, USA
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27
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Muto K, Kamei N, Yoshida M, Takayama K, Takeda-Morishita M. Cell-Penetrating Peptide Penetratin as a Potential Tool for Developing Effective Nasal Vaccination Systems. J Pharm Sci 2016; 105:2014-2017. [PMID: 27155764 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2016.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Nasal vaccination is considered an attractive strategy to prevent the infection and spread of viruses. However, the vaccine formulations available on the market remain imperfect on account of their limited effectiveness. In the present study, we hypothesized that the nasal coadministration of antigens with cell-penetrating peptides promotes antigen delivery immune response in the nasal mucosa, thereby enhancing the production of mucosal IgA and systemic IgG. The levels of ovalbumin (OVA)-specific IgG and IgA in plasma and nasal perfusate, respectively, increased after 2 or 4 weeks on nasal coadministration of OVA with l- or d-penetratin, suggesting that OVA antigen was effectively delivered by penetratin to the nasal epithelium. An additional study demonstrated that the production of systemic IgG and nasal mucosal IgA against influenza A virus was specifically promoted by nasal coadministration of influenza A virus with d-penetratin. The results of this study suggested that cell-penetrating peptides are a promising tool for the delivery of vaccines to the nasal mucosa and for the subsequent dual stimulation of systemic and mucosal immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiya Muto
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Noriyasu Kamei
- Laboratory of Drug Delivery Systems, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe, Hyogo 650-8586, Japan
| | - Mia Yoshida
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Kozo Takayama
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Mariko Takeda-Morishita
- Laboratory of Drug Delivery Systems, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe, Hyogo 650-8586, Japan.
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Ji X, Ren Z, Xu N, Meng L, Yu Z, Feng N, Sang X, Li S, Li Y, Wang T, Zhao Y, Wang H, Zheng X, Jin H, Li N, Yang S, Cao J, Liu W, Gao Y, Xia X. Intranasal Immunization with Influenza Virus-Like Particles Containing Membrane-Anchored Cholera Toxin B or Ricin Toxin B Enhances Adaptive Immune Responses and Protection against an Antigenically Distinct Virus. Viruses 2016; 8:115. [PMID: 27110810 PMCID: PMC4848608 DOI: 10.3390/v8040115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is the most effective means to prevent influenza virus infection, although current approaches are associated with suboptimal efficacy. Here, we generated virus-like particles (VLPs) composed of the hemagglutinin (HA), neuraminidase (NA) and matrix protein (M1) of A/Changchun/01/2009 (H1N1) with or without either membrane-anchored cholera toxin B (CTB) or ricin toxin B (RTB) as molecular adjuvants. The intranasal immunization of mice with VLPs containing membrane-anchored CTB or RTB elicited stronger humoral and cellular immune responses when compared to mice immunized with VLPs alone. Administration of VLPs containing CTB or RTB significantly enhanced virus-specific systemic and mucosal antibody responses, hemagglutination inhibiting antibody titers, virus neutralizing antibody titers, and the frequency of virus-specific IFN-γ and IL-4 secreting splenocytes. VLPs with and without CTB or RTB conferred complete protection against lethal challenge with a mouse-adapted homologous virus. When challenged with an antigenically distinct H1N1 virus, all mice immunized with VLPs containing CTB or RTB survived whereas mice immunized with VLPs alone showed only partial protection (80% survival). Our results suggest that membrane-anchored CTB and RTB possess strong adjuvant properties when incorporated into an intranasally-delivered influenza VLP vaccine. Chimeric influenza VLPs containing CTB or RTB may represent promising vaccine candidates for improved immunological protection against homologous and antigenically distinct influenza viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianliang Ji
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot 010018, China.
- Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, China.
| | - Zhiguang Ren
- Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, China.
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.
- Key Lab of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Henan University School of Medicine, Kaifeng 475001, China.
| | - Na Xu
- Jilin Medical University, Changchun 132013, China.
| | - Lingnan Meng
- Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, China.
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Zhijun Yu
- Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, China.
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.
| | - Na Feng
- Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Sang
- Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, China.
| | - Shengnan Li
- Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, China.
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Yuanguo Li
- Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, China.
| | - Tiecheng Wang
- Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, China.
| | - Yongkun Zhao
- Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, China.
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Hualei Wang
- Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, China.
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Xuexing Zheng
- Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, China.
- School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250110, China.
| | - Hongli Jin
- Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, China.
| | - Nan Li
- Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, China.
| | - Songtao Yang
- Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, China.
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Jinshan Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot 010018, China.
| | - Wensen Liu
- Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, China.
| | - Yuwei Gao
- Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, China.
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Xianzhu Xia
- Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, China.
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Wiedinger K, Romlein H, Bitsaktsis C. Cholera toxin B induced activation of murine macrophages exposed to a fixed bacterial immunogen. THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES IN VACCINES 2015; 3:155-63. [PMID: 26668753 DOI: 10.1177/2051013615613473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previous studies have demonstrated that intranasal administration of inactivated (fixed) Francisella tularensis (iFt) live vaccine strain (LVS) in conjunction with the mucosal adjuvant, cholera toxin B (CTB), provides full protection against subsequent lethal challenge with Ft LVS and partial protection against the more virulent Ft SchuS4 strain. Understanding the mechanisms of CTB-induced immune stimulation that confer protection against Ft will be valuable to the development of an effective vaccine against this highly virulent fatal pathogen. In this study, an in vitro system was utilized to further elucidate the immunologic adjuvant effect of CTB when administered with the fixed bacterial immunogen iFt. METHODS The murine macrophage cell line (RAW264.7) was treated with combinations of iFt and CTB. The treated RAW264.7 cells and their supernatants were collected and assessed for cell surface marker expression and cytokine secretion. In addition, the ability of RAW264.7 cells to present bacterial antigens (iFt or LVS) to an Ft-specific T-cell hybridoma cell line, following exposure to CTB, was analyzed. RESULTS We found that RAW264.7 cells responded to treatment with iFt + CTB by an increased secretion of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor α and upregulation of the surface expression of toll-like receptor 4 and the costimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86. Furthermore, the experimental vaccine treatment iFt + CTB enhanced the ability of macrophages to present iFt antigens to an FT-specific T-cell hybridoma cell line, although they failed to do so with LVS. CONCLUSION The adjuvant CTB administered in conjunction with iFt showed evidence of enhancing an antigen-specific proinflammatory response in vitro. These observations allow us to define, in part, the mechanisms of immune activation conferred by mucosal administration of iFt + CTB against lethal F. tularensis challenge.
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Pavot V, Climent N, Rochereau N, Garcia F, Genin C, Tiraby G, Vernejoul F, Perouzel E, Lioux T, Verrier B, Paul S. Directing vaccine immune responses to mucosa by nanosized particulate carriers encapsulating NOD ligands. Biomaterials 2015; 75:327-339. [PMID: 26539801 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mucosal surfaces are a major portal of entry for many pathogens that are the cause of infectious diseases. Therefore, effective vaccines that induce a protective immune response at these sites are much needed. However, despite early success with the live attenuated oral polio vaccine over 50 years ago, only a few new mucosal vaccines have been subsequently licensed. Development of new adjuvants, comprising antigen delivery platforms and immunostimulatory molecules, are critical for the successful development of new mucosal vaccines. Among them, biodegradable nanoparticle delivery systems are promising and NOD-like receptors are considered as potential new targets for immunostimulatory molecules. In this work, different NOD1 and NOD2 ligands were encapsulated in polylactic acid (PLA) nanoparticles, coated with HIV-1 gag p24 antigen. We showed that these new formulations are able to induce proliferation of HIV-specific T cells from HIV(+) individuals as well as autophagy. In vivo, these formulations highly enhanced p24-specific systemic and mucosal immune responses in mice not only after mucosal administration but also after immunization via the parenteral route. Our results provide a rational approach for combining nanosized particulate carriers and encapsulated NOD receptor ligands as potent synergistic tools for induction of specific mucosal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Pavot
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et d'Ingénierie Thrérapeutique, IBCP, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5305, Lyon, France
| | - Nuria Climent
- Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS, HIVACAT, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nicolas Rochereau
- Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes - INSERM CIC1408 Vaccinologie, Faculté de Médecine de Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Felipe Garcia
- Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS, HIVACAT, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christian Genin
- Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes - INSERM CIC1408 Vaccinologie, Faculté de Médecine de Saint-Etienne, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Bernard Verrier
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et d'Ingénierie Thrérapeutique, IBCP, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5305, Lyon, France
| | - Stéphane Paul
- Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes - INSERM CIC1408 Vaccinologie, Faculté de Médecine de Saint-Etienne, France.
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Yan X, Wang D, Liang F, Fu L, Guo C. HPV16L1-attenuated Shigella recombinant vaccine induced strong vaginal and systemic immune responses in guinea pig model. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2015; 10:3491-8. [PMID: 25483698 DOI: 10.4161/hv.36084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Though human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines based on L1 virus-like particles (VLPs) have excellent protective effect against HPV-induced cervical cancer, they are too expensive to be afforded by the developing countries, where most cases of cervical cancer occur. A live bacterial-based vaccine could be an inexpensive alternative. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential value of live attenuated Shigella. flexneri 2a sc602 strain-based HPV16L1 as a high-efficiency, low-cost HPV16L1 mucosal vaccine. Recombinant sc602/L1 vaccine induced high L1-specific systemic and mucosal immune responses as well as cell-mediated Th1 and Th2 immune responses in guinea pig model. Sc602/L1 vaccine induced higher L1-specific IgG and IgA antibodies as well as HPV16-neutralizing antibodies in genital region in sc602/L1 mucosal immunized animals than in L1 intramuscular immunized animals. Though both are via mucosal delivery, immunized sc602/L1 vaccine by rectum route induced higher L1-specific IgA and IgG titers in genital region than by conjunctiva route. In addition, sc602/L1 also strongly increased L1-specific IFN-γ and IL-4 expression, implying its effect on cell-mediated immune response. HPV16L1 was expressed in sc602 bacteria and their biologic characteristics were detected by immunoblot, electron microscope and HeLa cell invasion assay. Guinea pigs were immunized with sc602L1 through conjunctiva (i.c.) or rectum (i.r.). Mucosal and systemic immune responses were detected by ELISA, ELISPOT and Neutralization activity assays. Strong mucosal and systemic immune responses were induced by sc602/L1 vaccine. This study provides evidence that sc602/L1 vaccine may have protective effect on HPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Yan
- a Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology ; Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University ; Xi'an , Shaanxi , China
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Rochereau N, Pavot V, Verrier B, Jospin F, Ensinas A, Genin C, Corthésy B, Paul S. Delivery of antigen to nasal-associated lymphoid tissue microfold cells through secretory IgA targeting local dendritic cells confers protective immunity. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 137:214-222.e2. [PMID: 26414879 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transmission of mucosal pathogens relies on their ability to bind to the surfaces of epithelial cells, to cross this thin barrier, and to gain access to target cells and tissues, leading to systemic infection. This implies that pathogen-specific immunity at mucosal sites is critical for the control of infectious agents using these routes to enter the body. Although mucosal delivery would ensure the best onset of protective immunity, most of the candidate vaccines are administered through the parenteral route. OBJECTIVE The present study evaluates the feasibility of delivering the chemically bound p24gag (referred to as p24 in the text) HIV antigen through secretory IgA (SIgA) in nasal mucosae in mice. RESULTS We show that SIgA interacts specifically with mucosal microfold cells present in the nasal-associated lymphoid tissue. p24-SIgA complexes are quickly taken up in the nasal cavity and selectively engulfed by mucosal dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule 3-grabbing nonintegrin-positive dendritic cells. Nasal immunization with p24-SIgA elicits both a strong humoral and cellular immune response against p24 at the systemic and mucosal levels. This ensures effective protection against intranasal challenge with recombinant vaccinia virus encoding p24. CONCLUSION This study represents the first example that underscores the remarkable potential of SIgA to serve as a carrier for a protein antigen in a mucosal vaccine approach targeting the nasal environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Rochereau
- GIMAP/EA3064, Université de Lyon, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Vincent Pavot
- Institut de Biologie & Chimie des Protéines - LBTI, UMR 5305 - CNRS/University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Bernard Verrier
- Institut de Biologie & Chimie des Protéines - LBTI, UMR 5305 - CNRS/University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Fabienne Jospin
- GIMAP/EA3064, Université de Lyon, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Agathe Ensinas
- GIMAP/EA3064, Université de Lyon, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Christian Genin
- GIMAP/EA3064, Université de Lyon, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Blaise Corthésy
- R&D Laboratory of the Division of Immunology and Allergy, CHUV, Centre des Laboratoires d'Epalinges, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Paul
- GIMAP/EA3064, Université de Lyon, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, Saint-Etienne, France.
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Singh S, Nehete PN, Yang G, He H, Nehete B, Hanley PW, Barry MA, Sastry KJ. Enhancement of Mucosal Immunogenicity of Viral Vectored Vaccines by the NKT Cell Agonist Alpha-Galactosylceramide as Adjuvant. Vaccines (Basel) 2015; 2:686-706. [PMID: 25553254 PMCID: PMC4278383 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines2040686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene-based vaccination strategies, specifically viral vectors encoding vaccine immunogens are effective at priming strong immune responses. Mucosal routes offer practical advantages for vaccination by ease of needle-free administration, and immunogen delivery at readily accessible oral/nasal sites to efficiently induce immunity at distant gut and genital tissues. However, since mucosal tissues are inherently tolerant for induction of immune responses, incorporation of adjuvants for optimal mucosal vaccination strategies is important. We report here the effectiveness of alpha-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer), a synthetic glycolipid agonist of natural killer T (NKT) cells, as an adjuvant for enhancing immunogenicity of vaccine antigens delivered using viral vectors by mucosal routes in murine and nonhuman primate models. Significant improvement in adaptive immune responses in systemic and mucosal tissues was observed by including α-GalCer adjuvant for intranasal immunization of mice with vesicular stomatitis virus vector encoding the model antigen ovalbumin and adenoviral vectors expressing HIV env and Gag antigens. Activation of NKT cells in systemic and mucosal tissues along with significant increases in adaptive immune responses were observed in rhesus macaques immunized by intranasal and sublingual routes with protein or adenovirus vectored antigens when combined with α-GalCer adjuvant. These results support the utility of α-GalCer adjuvant for enhancing immunogenicity of mucosal vaccines delivered using viral vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailbala Singh
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; E-Mails: (S.S.); (G.Y.)
| | - Pramod N. Nehete
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX 78602, USA; E-Mails: (P.N.N.); b (B.N.)
| | - Guojun Yang
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; E-Mails: (S.S.); (G.Y.)
| | - Hong He
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Bharti Nehete
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX 78602, USA; E-Mails: (P.N.N.); b (B.N.)
| | - Patrick W. Hanley
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Michael A. Barry
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA; E-Mail:
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
- Translational Immunovirology and Biodefense Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | - K. Jagannadha Sastry
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; E-Mails: (S.S.); (G.Y.)
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX 78602, USA; E-Mails: (P.N.N.); b (B.N.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-713-563-3304; Fax: +1-713-563-3357
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Cevher E, Salomon SK, Somavarapu S, Brocchini S, Alpar HO. Development of chitosan-pullulan composite nanoparticles for nasal delivery of vaccines: in vivo studies. J Microencapsul 2015; 32:769-83. [PMID: 26480962 DOI: 10.3109/02652048.2015.1073393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Here, we aimed at developing chitosan/pullulan composite nanoparticles and testing their potential as novel systems for the nasal delivery of diphtheria toxoid (DT). All the chitosan derivatives [N-trimethyl (TMC), chloride and glutamate] and carboxymethyl pullulan (CMP) were synthesised and antigen-loaded composites were prepared by polyion complexation of chitosan and pullulan derivatives (particle size: 239-405 nm; surface charge: +18 and +27 mV). Their immunological effects after intranasal administration to mice were compared to intramuscular route. Composite nanoparticles induced higher levels of IgG responses than particles formed with chitosan derivative and antigen. Nasally administered TMC-pullulan composites showed higher DT serum IgG titre when compared with the other composites. Co-encapsulation of CpG ODN within TMC-CMP-DT nanoparticles resulted in a balanced Th1/Th2 response. TMC/pullulan composite nanoparticles also induced highest cytokine levels compared to those of chitosan salts. These findings demonstrated that TMC-CMP-DT composite nanoparticles are promising delivery system for nasal vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdal Cevher
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy , Istanbul University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Stefan K Salomon
- b Department of Pharmaceutics , The UCL School of Pharmacy, University of London , London , United Kingdom .,c GlaxoSmithKline , London , United Kingdom , and
| | - Satyanarayana Somavarapu
- b Department of Pharmaceutics , The UCL School of Pharmacy, University of London , London , United Kingdom
| | - Steve Brocchini
- b Department of Pharmaceutics , The UCL School of Pharmacy, University of London , London , United Kingdom
| | - H Oya Alpar
- b Department of Pharmaceutics , The UCL School of Pharmacy, University of London , London , United Kingdom .,d Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy , Kemerburgaz University , Istanbul , Turkey
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Xing Y, Liu W, Li X, Guo L, Lv X, Xi T. Immunogenicity characterization of the multi-epitope vaccine CTB-UE with chitosan-CpG as combination adjuvants against Helicobacter pylori. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 462:269-74. [PMID: 25957472 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.04.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Urease is considered as an excellent vaccine candidate antigen against Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. Our previous study reported a novel multi-epitope vaccine CTB-UE which was composed of the mucosal adjuvant cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) and five cell epitopes from urease subunits. Murine experiments indicated that it could induce cellular and humoral immune responses intensively and attenuate H. pylori infection effectively in mice model. However, the body expression and lack of suitable adjuvant of this epitope vaccine restricted its application. In this study, new recombinant Escherichia coli strains was established to increase the solubility by fusing thioredoxin (Trx) and the combination adjuvants which composed of the chitosan and CpG were adopted to enhance the immunogenicity of CTB-UE for oral immunization. The experimental results indicated that the levels of IgG2a, IgG1 and IgA in the serum and the levels of sIgA in stomach, intestine and feces were significantly higher in the vaccinated group compared with the model control group. Additionally, chitosan-CpG combination adjuvants changed the ratio of IgG2a/IgG1 and conferred Th1/Th17-mediated protective immune responses. These results demonstrate that the oral vaccine with chitosan-CpG as combination adjuvants may be a promising vaccine candidate against H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Xing
- Biotechnology Center, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Biotechnology Center, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiaokang Li
- Biotechnology Center, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Le Guo
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiaobo Lv
- Biotechnology Center, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Tao Xi
- Biotechnology Center, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Nandre RM, Lee JH. Generation of a safe Salmonella Gallinarum vaccine candidate that secretes an adjuvant protein with immunogenicity and protective efficacy against fowl typhoid. Avian Pathol 2015; 43:164-71. [PMID: 24689430 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2014.897682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We constructed a live, attenuated Salmonella Gallinarum (SG) that secretes heat-labile enterotoxin B subunit protein (LTB), and evaluated this strain as a new vaccine candidate by assessing its safety, immunogenicity and protective efficacy against fowl typhoid. An asd(+) p15A ori low-copy plasmid containing eltB encoding LTB was transformed into a ΔlonΔcpxRΔasd SG (JOL967) to construct the candidate, JOL1355. In Experiments 1 and 2, birds were orally immunized with JOL1355 at 4 weeks of age, while control birds were inoculated with sterile phosphate-buffered saline. In Experiment 2, the birds of both groups were orally challenged with a virulent SG at 8 weeks of age. In Experiment 1, examination for safety revealed that the immunized group did not show any bacterial counts of the vaccine candidate in the liver and spleen. Birds immunized with the vaccine candidate showed a significant increase in systemic IgG and mucosal secretory IgA levels in Experiment 2. In addition, the lymphocyte proliferation response and the numbers of CD3(+)CD4(+) and CD3(+)CD8(+) T cells were also significantly elevated in the immunized group, which indicated that the candidate also induced cellular immune responses. In the protection assay, efficient protection with only 16% mortality in the immunized group was observed against challenge compared with 76% mortality in the control group. These results indicate that the live, attenuated SG secreting LTB can be a safe vaccine candidate. In addition, it can induce humoral and cellular immune responses and can efficiently reduce mortality of birds exposed to fowl typhoid.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Nandre
- a College of Veterinary Medicine , Chonbuk National University , Jeonju , Republic of Korea
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Newsted D, Fallahi F, Golshani A, Azizi A. Advances and challenges in mucosal adjuvant technology. Vaccine 2015; 33:2399-405. [PMID: 25865473 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.03.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Adjuvants play attractive roles in enhancement of immune response during vaccination; however, due to several challenges, only a limited number of adjuvants are licensed by health authorities. The lack of an effective mucosal adjuvant is even more significant as none of the licensed adjuvants revealed a strong enhancement in immune system after mucosal administration. Over the past two decades, several mucosal adjuvants have been developed to deliver antigens to the target cells in the mucosal immune system and increase specific immune responses. However, the safety and efficacy of these adjuvants for testing in human trials is still an important issue, requiring further study. In this article, we briefly review the challenges associated with most common mucosal adjuvants and discuss potential strategies for targeting the mucosal immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Newsted
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Ashkan Golshani
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel by Drive, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Ali Azizi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Biotechnology, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Lee J, Yoo JK, Sohn HJ, Kang HK, Kim D, Shin HJ, Kim JH. Protective immunity against Naegleria fowleri infection on mice immunized with the rNfa1 protein using mucosal adjuvants. Parasitol Res 2015; 114:1377-85. [PMID: 25604672 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-015-4316-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The free-living amoeba, Naegleria fowleri, causes a fatal disease called primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) in humans and experimental animals. Of the pathogenic mechanism of N. fowleri concerning host tissue invasion, the adherence of amoeba to hose cells is the most important. We previously cloned the nfa1 gene from N. fowleri. The protein displayed immunolocalization in the pseudopodia, especially the food-cups structure, and was related to the contact-dependent mechanism of the amoebic pathogenicity in N. fowleri infection. The cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) and Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin B subunit (LTB) have been used as potent mucosal adjuvants via the parenteral route of immunization in most cases. In this study, to examine the effect of protective immunity of the Nfa1 protein for N. fowleri infection with enhancement by CTB or LTB adjuvants, intranasally immunized BALB/c mice were infected with N. fowleri trophozoites for the development of PAM. The mean time to death of mice immunized with the Nfa1 protein using LTB or CTB adjuvant was prolonged by 5 or 8 days in comparison with that of the control mice. In particular, the survival rate of mice immunized with Nfa1 plus CTB was 100% during the experimental period. The serum IgG levels were significantly increased in mice immunized with Nfa1 protein plus CTB or LTB adjuvants. These results suggest that the Nfa1 protein, with CTB or LTB adjuvants, induces strong protective immunity in mice with PAM due to N. fowleri infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyoung Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 443-721, Republic of Korea
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Scherließ R, Mönckedieck M, Young K, Trows S, Buske S, Hook S. First in vivo evaluation of particulate nasal dry powder vaccine formulations containing ovalbumin in mice. Int J Pharm 2015; 479:408-15. [PMID: 25595389 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study three different dry powder vaccine formulations containing the model antigen ovalbumin were evaluated for their immune effects after nasal administration to C57Bl/6 mice in an adoptive cell transfer model. The formulations were chitosan nanoparticles in a mannitol matrix, chitosan microparticles and agarose nanoparticles in a mannitol matrix. Dry powder administration to mice was well tolerated and did not result in any adverse reactions. No translocation of the dry powder formulations to the lung could be detected. The local cellular immune response in the cervical lymph nodes was modest and only for the chitosan microparticles and the agarose nanoparticles was there a significant difference compared to s.c. injection of ovalbumin in alum. No humoral response could be measured after nasal administration. The results provide some evidence that nasal administration of dry powder formulations can stimulate an immune response, but the response was modest. This is probably due to a low antigen dose and low immunogenicity of the formulations. Further studies will aim at enhancing the antigen load and improving adjuvant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Scherließ
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Kiel University, Grasweg 9a, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Mathias Mönckedieck
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Kiel University, Grasweg 9a, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Katherine Young
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, 18, Frederick Street, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Sabrina Trows
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Kiel University, Grasweg 9a, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Simon Buske
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Kiel University, Grasweg 9a, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Sarah Hook
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, 18, Frederick Street, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Gupta PN. Mucosal Vaccine Delivery and M Cell Targeting. ADVANCES IN DELIVERY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-11355-5_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Wang X, Meng D. Innate endogenous adjuvants prime to desirable immune responses via mucosal routes. Protein Cell 2014; 6:170-84. [PMID: 25503634 PMCID: PMC4348248 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-014-0125-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is an effective strategy to prevent infectious or immune related diseases, which has made remarkable contribution in human history. Recently increasing attentions have been paid to mucosal vaccination due to its multiple advantages over conventional ways. Subunit or peptide antigens are more reasonable immunogens for mucosal vaccination than live or attenuated pathogens, however adjuvants are required to augment the immune responses. Many mucosal adjuvants have been developed to prime desirable immune responses to different etiologies. Compared with pathogen derived adjuvants, innate endogenous molecules incorporated into mucosal vaccines demonstrate prominent adjuvanticity and safety. Nowadays, cytokines are broadly used as mucosal adjuvants for participation of signal transduction of immune responses, activation of innate immunity and polarization of adaptive immunity. Desired immune responses are promptly and efficaciously primed on basis of specific interactions between cytokines and corresponding receptors. In addition, some other innate molecules are also identified as potent mucosal adjuvants. This review focuses on innate endogenous mucosal adjuvants, hoping to shed light on the development of mucosal vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China,
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42
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Singh S, Yang G, Byrareddy SN, Barry MA, Sastry KJ. Natural killer T cell and TLR9 agonists as mucosal adjuvants for sublingual vaccination with clade C HIV-1 envelope protein. Vaccine 2014; 32:6934-6940. [PMID: 25444819 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The vast majority of HIV-1 infections occur at mucosa during sexual contact. It may therefore be advantageous to provide mucosal barrier protection against this entry by mucosal vaccination. While a number of mucosal routes of vaccination are possible, many like enteric oral vaccines or intranasal vaccines have significant impediments that limit vaccine efficacy or pose safety risks. In contrast, immunogens applied to the sublingual region of the mouth could provide a simple route for mucosal vaccination. While sublingual immunization is appealing, this site does not always drive strong immune responses, particularly when using protein antigens. To address this issue, we have tested the ability of two mucosal adjuvants: alpha-galactosylceramide (αGalCer) that is a potent stimulator of natural killer T cells and CpG-oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG-ODN) a TLR9 agonist for their ability to amplify immune responses against clade C gp140 HIV-1 envelope protein antigen. Immunization with envelope protein alone resulted in a weak T cell and antibody responses. In contrast, CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells responses in systemic and mucosal tissues were significantly higher in mice immunized with gp140 in the presence of either αGalCer or CpG-ODN and these responses were further augmented when the two adjuvants were used together. While both the adjuvants effectively increased gp140-specific serum IgG and vaginal IgA antibody levels, combining both significantly improved these responses. Memory T cell responses 60 days after immunization revealed αGalCer to be more potent than CpG-ODN and the combination of the αGalCer and CpG-ODN adjuvants was more effective than either alone. Serum and vaginal washes collected 60 days after immunization with gp140 with both αGalCer and CpG-ODN adjuvants had significant neutralization activity against Tier 1 and Tier 2 SHIVs. These data support the utility of the sublingual route for mucosal vaccination particularly in combination with αGalCer and CpG-ODN adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailbala Singh
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Guojun Yang
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Siddappa N Byrareddy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Michael A Barry
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Translational Immunovirology Program, Department of Immunology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - K Jagannadha Sastry
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States; Department of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX, United States.
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The mucosal immune system for vaccine development. Vaccine 2014; 32:6711-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.08.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Murugappan S, Frijlink HW, Petrovsky N, Hinrichs WLJ. Enhanced pulmonary immunization with aerosolized inactivated influenza vaccine containing delta inulin adjuvant. Eur J Pharm Sci 2014; 66:118-22. [PMID: 25459531 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2014.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination is the primary intervention to contain influenza virus spread during seasonal and pandemic outbreaks. Pulmonary vaccination is gaining increasing attention for its ability to induce both local mucosal and systemic immune responses without the need for invasive injections. However, pulmonary administration of whole inactivated influenza virus (WIV) vaccine induces a Th2 dominant systemic immune response while a more balanced Th1/Th2 vaccine response may be preferred and only induces modest nasal immunity. This study evaluated immunity elicited by pulmonary versus intramuscular (i.m.) delivery of WIV, and tested whether the immune response could be improved by co-administration of delta (δ)-inulin, a novel carbohydrate-based particulate adjuvant. After pulmonary administration both unadjuvanted and δ-inulin adjuvanted WIV induced a potent systemic immune response, inducing higher serum anti-influenza IgG titers and nasal IgA titers than i.m. administration. Moreover, the addition of δ-inulin induced a more balanced Th1/Th2 response and induced higher nasal IgA titers versus pulmonary WIV alone. Pulmonary WIV alone or with δ-inulin induced hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titers>40, titers which are considered protective against influenza virus. In conclusion, in this study we have shown that δ-inulin adjuvanted WIV induces a better immune response after pulmonary administration than vaccine alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senthil Murugappan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henderik W Frijlink
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nikolai Petrovsky
- Vaxine Pty Ltd., Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, Adelaide 5042, Australia; Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Flinders Medical Centre/Flinders University, Adelaide 5042, Australia
| | - Wouter L J Hinrichs
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Ou J, Shi W, Xu Y, Tao Z. Intranasal immunization with DNA vaccine coexpressing Der p 1 and ubiquitin in an allergic rhinitis mouse model. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2014; 113:658-665.e1. [PMID: 25240330 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2014.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The worldwide prevalence of allergic rhinitis (AR) is increasing, whereas treatments for AR remain limited in effect. Therefore, a new type of effective drug is eagerly in demand. OBJECTIVE To create a hypoallergenic vaccine by forced ubiquitination. METHODS In the present study, we constructed a DNA vaccine coexpressing Der p 1 allergen and murine ubiquitin, which used chitosan as a carrier. Through the vitro and vivo experiments, we evaluated its protective efficacy against AR. RESULTS The results indicated that the DNA vaccine pVAX1-Ub-Derp1/CS had been successfully constructed. This nanoparticle could not only transfect 293T cells in vitro but also transform cells in vivo. The inflammation of nasal mucosa in an AR murine model via immunization with pVAX1-Ub-Derp1/CS was less severe than those without treatments. Furthermore, it found that mice immunized with pVAX1-Ub-Derp1/CS generated a high level of specific IgG but a low level of specific IgE (P < .01). The significantly increased levels of interferon-γ and the significantly decreased levels of interleukins 4, 10, and 17 indicated that a TH1-type response was elicited by immunization with pVAX1-Ub-Derp1/CS (P < .01). This effect was especially stronger through intranasal immunization. CONCLUSION Nasal mucosal immunization and ubiquitination are efficacious strategies to enhance the efficiency and safety of DNA vaccine. The nanoparticle pVAX1-Ub-Derp1/CS is expected to be a new kind of effective vaccine for AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wendan Shi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Xu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Zezhang Tao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Monteiro-Maia R, de Pinho RT. Oral bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine against tuberculosis: why not? Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2014; 109:838-45. [PMID: 25317714 PMCID: PMC4238780 DOI: 10.1590/0074-0276140091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine is the only licensed vaccine for human use against tuberculosis (TB). Although controversy exists about its efficacy, the BCG vaccine is able to protect newborns and children against disseminated forms of TB, but fails to protect adults against active forms of TB. In the last few years, interest in the mucosal delivery route for the vaccine has been increasing owing to its increased capacity to induce protective immune responses both in the mucosal and the systemic immune compartments. Here, we show the importance of this route of vaccination in newly developed vaccines, especially for vaccines against TB.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosa Teixeira de Pinho
- Laboratório de Imunologia Clínica, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Rio de
Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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Ondondo BO. The influence of delivery vectors on HIV vaccine efficacy. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:439. [PMID: 25202303 PMCID: PMC4141443 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of an effective HIV/AIDS vaccine remains a big challenge, largely due to the enormous HIV diversity which propels immune escape. Thus novel vaccine strategies are targeting multiple variants of conserved antibody and T cell epitopic regions which would incur a huge fitness cost to the virus in the event of mutational escape. Besides immunogen design, the delivery modality is critical for vaccine potency and efficacy, and should be carefully selected in order to not only maximize transgene expression, but to also enhance the immuno-stimulatory potential to activate innate and adaptive immune systems. To date, five HIV vaccine candidates have been evaluated for efficacy and protection from acquisition was only achieved in a small proportion of vaccinees in the RV144 study which used a canarypox vector for delivery. Conversely, in the STEP study (HVTN 502) where human adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) was used, strong immune responses were induced but vaccination was more associated with increased risk of HIV acquisition than protection in vaccinees with pre-existing Ad5 immunity. The possibility that pre-existing immunity to a highly promising delivery vector may alter the natural course of HIV to increase acquisition risk is quite worrisome and a huge setback for HIV vaccine development. Thus, HIV vaccine development efforts are now geared toward delivery platforms which attain superior immunogenicity while concurrently limiting potential catastrophic effects likely to arise from pre-existing immunity or vector-related immuno-modulation. However, it still remains unclear whether it is poor immunogenicity of HIV antigens or substandard immunological potency of the safer delivery vectors that has limited the success of HIV vaccines. This article discusses some of the promising delivery vectors to be harnessed for improved HIV vaccine efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice O Ondondo
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford Oxford, UK
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Zhang X, Zhao Y, Xu Y, Pan Y, Chen F, Kumar A, Zou G, Liang XJ. In situ self-assembly of peptides in glucan particles for macrophage-targeted oral delivery. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:5882-5890. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tb00626g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Meng LZ, Feng K, Wang LY, Cheong KL, Nie H, Zhao J, Li SP. Activation of mouse macrophages and dendritic cells induced by polysaccharides from a novel Cordyceps sinensis fungus UM01. J Funct Foods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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Immunization with the recombinant Cholera toxin B fused to Fimbria 2 protein protects against Bordetella pertussis infection. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:421486. [PMID: 24982881 PMCID: PMC4052895 DOI: 10.1155/2014/421486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the immunogenic properties of the fusion protein fimbria 2 of Bordetella pertussis (Fim2)—cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) in the intranasal murine model of infection. To this end B. pertussis Fim2 coding sequence was cloned downstream of the cholera toxin B subunit coding sequence. The expression and assembly of the fusion protein into pentameric structures (CTB-Fim2) were evaluated by SDS-PAGE and monosialotetrahexosylgaglioside (GM1-ganglioside) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). To evaluate the protective capacity of CTB-Fim2, an intraperitoneal or intranasal mouse immunization schedule was performed with 50 μg of CTB-Fim2. Recombinant (rFim2) or purified (BpFim2) Fim2, CTB, and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) were used as controls. The results showed that mice immunized with BpFim2 or CTB-Fim2 intraperitoneally or intranasally presented a significant reduction in bacterial lung counts compared to control groups (P < 0.01 or P < 0.001 , resp.). Moreover, intranasal immunization with CTB-Fim2 induced significant levels of Fim2-specific IgG in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and Fim2-specific IgA in BAL. Analysis of IgG isotypes and cytokines mRNA levels showed that CTB-Fim2 results in a mixed Th1/Th2 (T-helper) response. The data presented here provide support for CTB-Fim2 as a promising recombinant antigen against Bordetella pertussis infection.
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