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Zhang T, Firouzabadi A, Yang D, Liu S, Schmidt H. Age-dependent flexion relaxation phenomenon in chronic low back pain patients. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1388229. [PMID: 39295844 PMCID: PMC11408191 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1388229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The flexion relaxation phenomenon (FRP) is characterized by suddenly reduced paraspinal muscle activity during full flexion. Previous studies showed significant differences in FRP and flexion angles in chronic low back pain (cLBP) patients compared to individuals without back pain (no-BP). However, the relationship between FRP and flexion angles remains insufficiently understood in older populations. Thus, this study investigated the relationship between FRP and flexion angles concerning to the age and presence of cLBP. Methods Forty no-BP subjects (20m/20f; mean age 41.5 years) and thirty-eight cLBP patients (19m/19f; mean age 43.52 years) performed maximum full upper body flexion task. Electromyographic (EMG) measurements were conducted to assess the activity of lumbar erector spinae (ESL), thoracic erector spinae (EST), and multifidus (MF). Lumbar, thoracic, and pelvic angles at the onset (OnsetL/T/P) and offset of the FRP (OffsetL/T/P) and maximum trunk inclination (MaxL/T/P) were calculated. The FRP was evaluated using a flexion relaxation ratio (FRR). Results cLBP patients showed smaller FRR in MF and right ESL compared to no-BP individuals (p < 0.05), while no differences were found in flexion angles between two groups. Subjects over 40 showed smaller FRR in MF and ESL, and smaller flexion angles on OffsetL and MaxL (p < 0.05). Age-related analysis in the cLBP group revealed that patients over 40, compared to younger ones, had smaller FRR in MF and ESL, and smaller values in all thoracic and lumbar flexion angles (p < 0.05). While in no-BP group, significant larger flexion angles in OnsetL and OffsetT (p < 0.05) were observed in participants over 40. Pain-related analysis in the older group revealed that the cLBP patients, compared to no-BP individuals, had smaller FRR in right MF and right ESL, and smaller values in all lumbar and thoracic flexion angles (p < 0.05), while in younger group, there were no significant pain-related differences in FRR, with larger values in all lumbar flexion angles (p < 0.05). Conclusion Our findings indicate a reduction or absence of FRP in cLBP patients compared to no-BP individuals, with age being a significant factor as those over 40 showed smaller FRP and flexion angles compared to younger individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianwei Zhang
- Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ali Firouzabadi
- Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daishui Yang
- Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sihai Liu
- Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hendrik Schmidt
- Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Röhrl F, Federolf P, Mohr M. Ergonomic saddle design features influence lumbar spine motion and can reduce low back pain in mountain biking. Sports Biomech 2023:1-17. [PMID: 38126726 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2023.2284173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Low back pain is common in mountain biking due to the sustained flexion of the lumbar spine, particularly during fatiguing hill climbs. In this study, we investigated whether an ergonomic mountain bike saddle including a raised rear, a longitudinal dip, and a subtle lateral instability (the 'Active'-technology) can reduce acute low back pain at the end of a hill climb (>1 h) in a group of mountain bikers with a history of cycling-related low back pain (n = 28). In addition, we conducted a laboratory experiment to investigate the isolated effects of the 'Active'-technology on the cyclists' pelvis and spine motion as well as on the activity of surrounding muscles. The field test demonstrated a significant reduction in numerical low back pain ratings with the experimental saddle compared to the riders' own standard saddle (p = 0.001, strong effect). The laboratory-based data suggested that the 'Active'-technology does lead to potentially beneficial effects on pelvis-spine kinematics and muscle activity, which in combination with an optimised saddle geometry may explain the observed reduction in low back pain following mountain bike hill climbing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Röhrl
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Peter Federolf
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Maurice Mohr
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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3
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Wooten SV, Amini B, Livingston JA, Hildebrandt MA, Chandra J, Gilchrist SC, Roth M, Kleinerman E. Poor Sit-to-Stand Performance in Adolescent and Young Adult Patients with Sarcoma. J Adolesc Young Adult Oncol 2023; 12:821-827. [PMID: 37155195 PMCID: PMC11265641 DOI: 10.1089/jayao.2023.0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Adolescents and young adult (AYA) patients with sarcoma are at heightened risk of reduced physical capacity and disease-related weakness. Sit-to-stand (STS) performance correlates with lower extremity functionality and activities of daily living; however, little is known regarding the relationship between muscular status and STS performance in patients with sarcoma. This study assessed STS performance in patients with sarcoma and the association between STS performance and the skeletal muscle index (SMI) and skeletal muscle density (SMD). Methods: This study included 30 patients with sarcoma (15-39 years old) treated with high-dose doxorubicin. Patients performed the five-times-STS test before starting treatment and 1 year after the baseline test. STS performance was correlated with SMI and SMD. SMI and SMD were quantified using computed tomography scans taken at the level of the 4th thoracic vertebra (T4). Results: Mean performance on the STS test at baseline and 1 year was 2.2-fold and 1.8-fold slower than the age-matched general population, respectively. A lower SMI was associated with worse performance on the STS test (p = 0.01). Similarly, lower SMD at baseline was also associated with poorer STS performance (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Patients with sarcoma have very poor STS performance at baseline and 1 year, which was accompanied by low SMI and SMD at T4.The inability for AYAs to return to healthy age normative STS standards by 1 year may indicate a need for early interventions to enhance skeletal muscle recovery and promote physical activity during and after treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savannah V. Wooten
- Department of Pediatrics Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Behrang Amini
- Department of Musculoskeletal Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - J. Andrew Livingston
- Department of Pediatrics Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Sarcoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Michelle A.T. Hildebrandt
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Joya Chandra
- Department of Pediatrics Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Susan C. Gilchrist
- Cardiovascular Clinical Trials, LabCorp Drug Development, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Michael Roth
- Department of Pediatrics Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Eugenie Kleinerman
- Department of Pediatrics Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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4
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Buchman-Pearle JM, Fewster KM, Pinto BL, Callaghan JP. Moving Toward Individual-Specific Automotive Seat Design: How Individual Characteristics and Time Alter the Selected Lumbar Support Prominence. HUMAN FACTORS 2023; 65:1394-1406. [PMID: 34579587 PMCID: PMC10626986 DOI: 10.1177/00187208211042776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore how individual characteristics influence selected lumbar support prominence (LSP), seated lumbar flexion, seatback average pressure, contact area, and center of pressure (CoP) location before and after 1 hr of driving. BACKGROUND An LSP can alter posture and may reduce low back pain during prolonged driving. Although LSP preference varies across individuals and may change over time, few investigations have explored the time-varying response to individually selected adjustable seat parameters. METHOD Forty individuals selected LSP settings in an automotive seat through a series of systematic adjustment trials. The average LSP setting was fixed for a 1-hr driving simulation, followed by one final adjustment trial. Regressions were performed between individual characteristics and selected LSP, lumbar posture, and measures of seatback pressure from the initial adjustment trials. ANOVAs were performed to determine the effect of time and sex on these dependent variables. Discomfort was also monitored throughout the protocol. RESULTS Individual's standing lumbar lordosis, selected LSP, and height and mass were significant predictors for seated lumbar flexion, seatback average pressure, and contact area, respectively. Discomfort levels remained low; however, following the driving protocol, individuals altered their posture to decrease lumbar flexion and increase seatback average pressure without significant adjustments to the LSP. CONCLUSION These findings highlight individual characteristics to consider in automotive seat design and that the method for determining LSP settings may facilitate appropriate LSP selection. APPLICATION A systematic method to determine LSP settings may reduce discomfort and automate seat adjustments, such that only short-term postural adjustments may be required.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kayla M. Fewster
- University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Buchman-Pearle JM, Gruevski KM, Gallagher KM, Barrett JM, Callaghan JP. Defining the lumbar and trunk-thigh neutral zone from the passive stiffness curve: application to hybrid sit-stand postures and chair design. ERGONOMICS 2023; 66:338-349. [PMID: 35634905 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2022.2084164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Minimal data exist on the neutral position for the lumbar spine, trunk, and thighs when adopting a hybrid posture. This study examined sex differences in the neutral zone lumbar stiffness and the lumbar and trunk-thigh angle boundaries of the neutral zone, and determined if the standing lumbar angle fell within the neutral zone. Passive lumbar flexion and extension moment-angle curves were generated for 31 participants (13 M, 18 F), pooled from two datasets, with trunk-thigh angles available for 10 participants. The neutral zone was defined as the low stiffness zone from both the flexion and extension curves. Males demonstrated significantly greater extensor stiffness. Neutral lumbar and trunk-thigh angles ranged on average -22.2 to 0.2° and 124.2 to 159.6° for males and -17.8 to -1.3° and 143.2 to 159.5° for females, respectively. Standing lumbar angles fell outside the neutral zone for 44% of participants. These neutral zone boundaries may inform kinematics for hybrid chair designs.Practitioner summary: Adoption of a neutral spinal posture may be achieved through hybrid chair design, yet minimal data exists on a physiologically defined neutral zone. Using measures of in vivo lumbar stiffness, the lumbar and trunk-thigh angular boundaries of the neutral zone were defined for both males and females.Abbreviations: EMG: electromyography; MVC: maximal voluntary contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessa M Buchman-Pearle
- Department of Kinesiology & Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kristina M Gruevski
- Department of Kinesiology & Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kaitlin M Gallagher
- Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Jeff M Barrett
- Department of Kinesiology & Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jack P Callaghan
- Department of Kinesiology & Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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Kamel M, Moustafa IM, Kim M, Oakley PA, Harrison DE. Alterations in Cervical Nerve Root Function during Different Sitting Positions in Adults with and without Forward Head Posture: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12051780. [PMID: 36902575 PMCID: PMC10003310 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12051780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study aimed to determine whether participants with and without forward head posture (FHP) would respond differently in cervical nerve root function to various sitting positions. We measured peak-to-peak dermatomal somatosensory-evoked potentials (DSSEPs) in 30 participants with FHP and in 30 participants matched for age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) with normal head posture (NHP), defined as having a craniovertebral angle (CVA) >55°. Additional inclusion criteria for recruitment were individuals between the ages of 18 and 28 who were in good health and had no musculoskeletal pain. All 60 participants underwent C6, C7, and C8 DSSEPs evaluation. The measurements were taken in three positions: erect sitting, slouched sitting, and supine. We identified statistically significant differences in the cervical nerve root function in all postures between the NHP and FHP groups (p < 0.001), indicating that the FHP and NHP reacted differently in different positions. No significant differences between groups for the DSSEPs were identified for the supine position (p > 0.05), in contrast to the erect and slouched sitting positions, which showed a significant difference in nerve root function between the NHP and FHP (p < 0.001). The NHP group results were consistent with the prior literature and had the greatest DSSEP peaks when in the upright position. However, the participants in the FHP group demonstrated the largest peak-to-peak amplitude of DSSEPs while in the slouched position as opposed to an erect position. The optimal sitting posture for cervical nerve root function may be dependent upon the underlying CVA of a person, however, further research is needed to corroborate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Kamel
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ibrahim M. Moustafa
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Neuromusculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Group, Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Meeyoung Kim
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Paul A. Oakley
- CBP Nonprofit (A Spine Research Foundation), Eagle, ID 83616, USA
- Independent Researcher, Newmarket, ON L3Y 8Y8, Canada
- Kinesiology and Health Sciences, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Deed E. Harrison
- CBP Nonprofit (A Spine Research Foundation), Eagle, ID 83616, USA
- Correspondence: or
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Mackey S, Howarth SJ, Frey M, De Carvalho D. An investigation of the flexion relaxation ratio in adults with and without a history of self-reported low back pain and transient sitting-induced pain. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2022; 67:102719. [PMID: 36334404 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2022.102719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
It is unknown whether the presence of sitting-induced pain or a clinical history of low back pain (LBP) changes spine function outcomes such as the flexion relaxation ratio (FRR). The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether sitting-induced pain or a history of non-specific LBP results in a different FRR. Forty-seven participants were instrumented with surface electromyography over erector spinae at L1, and accelerometers at L1 and S2. Standing maximum lumbar flexion trials were taken preceding and following a 1-hour sitting trial. Pain ratings during sitting and history of LBP were used to group participants for analysis. FRR values taken after the sitting exposures were compared between those that did and did not develop pain during sitting. Baseline FRR values were compared participants with and without a history of LBP. No significant differences in FRR were found for either pain groups (p = 0.11) or clinical history (p = 0.85). Lack of differences may be due to participants not currently experiencing a clinical episode of pain when the ratio was measured and/or because 1-hour sitting exposure was not long enough to induce pain modulation. The findings suggest that neither sitting-induced pain development or clinical history need to be controlled to prevent confounding of FRR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Mackey
- Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Samuel J Howarth
- Division of Research and Innovation, Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mona Frey
- Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Diana De Carvalho
- Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada.
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Léger MC, Dion C, Albert WJ, Cardoso MR. The biomechanical benefits of active sitting. ERGONOMICS 2022:1-18. [PMID: 36226515 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2022.2132298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This cross-sectional study examined the biomechanical effects of two active chairs (AC1: had the feature to pedal and slide forward on the seat pan; AC2: a multiaxial motion seat pan) compared to a traditional office chair and standing workstation. Twenty-four healthy participants worked at each of the workstations for 60-min. The following equipment was used: Motion Capture, Electromyography, Ratings of Perceived Discomfort Questionnaire, and Exit Survey. The active protocol had positive effects on the body, including increased neuromuscular activity in the gastrocnemius, increased overall movement, and a more open trunk-thigh angle. Greater discomfort in the buttocks due to the lack of seat pan contour was reported for the AC1 which identified a need for a design modification. While standing, participants' shoulders were less flexed than when sitting in any of the three seats, however, greater discomfort was reported in the lower legs after 1 h of computer work. Practitioner summary: A comparison of four different workstations was conducted to further understand the use of active workstations. Active sitting was found to have positive effects on the body, such as allowing sitters to increase movement while sitting without the high activation of muscular activity. Standing can also provide a positive break from sitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle C Léger
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, Canada
| | - Cynthia Dion
- École de Kinésiologie et de Loisir, Université de Moncton, Moncton, Canada
| | - Wayne J Albert
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, Canada
| | - Michelle R Cardoso
- École de Kinésiologie et de Loisir, Université de Moncton, Moncton, Canada
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9
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Local dynamic stability of the trunk after prolonged seating with axial load. J Biomech 2022; 142:111241. [PMID: 35940016 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2022.111241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Fatigue from prolonged seating with an axial load on the trunk may impair neuromuscular control and spine stability which may elevate risk of low back pain (LBP) for dynamic tasks following seating. The objective of this study was to assess local dynamic trunk stability using the maximum Lyapunov exponent (λMAX) with corresponding coactivation patterns to understand possible effects from prolonged seating. An increase in λMAX would indicate decreased stability. Twenty participants (10 male, 10 female) performed a controlled, cyclic sagittal flexion task at 40 cycles per minute before and after three hours of seating in a simulated helicopter-seating environment with a weighted vest. A statistically significant decrease was seen in λMAX (bits/s) (Pre-Test = 0.654 ± 0.172; Post-Test = 0.829 ± 0.268, p = 0.002), trunk cumulative coactivation index (unitless/s) (Pre-Test = 1.71 ± 0.97; Post-Test = 1.59 ± 0.96, p = 0.0095), and abdominal activation (normalized) (Pre-Test = 0.46 ± 0.17, Post-Test = 0.41 ± 0.18, p = 0.0146) post-seating exposure. Trunk extension was reduced (∼4°, p = 0.0004) during the post-seating cyclic test with slight corresponding increases in flexion. This study provides evidence of potential effects of fatigue from prolonged seating to neuromuscular control, which may have implications for occupations requiring highly dynamic tasks after prolonged seated postures. Future studies would repeat the tests with dynamic environments (i.e., vibration), test the cyclic flexion protocols with different seating interventions, and continue to test the approach to develop a tool to assess back impairment or intervention effectiveness.
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10
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Keshavarzi F, Azadinia F, Talebian S, Rasouli O. Impairments in trunk muscles performance and proprioception in older adults with hyperkyphosis. J Man Manip Ther 2022; 30:249-257. [PMID: 35133255 PMCID: PMC9344955 DOI: 10.1080/10669817.2022.2034403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Thoracic hyperkyphosis is one of the most common postural deformities in the geriatric population. This study investigated whether trunk proprioception, muscle strength, and endurance differ between older adults with hyperkyphosis and the age-matched control group. This study also aimed to explore the association of kyphotic posture with muscle performance, position sense, and force sense. METHODS Ninety-seven elderly volunteers (61 with hyperkyphosis and 36 normal controls) participated in this cross-sectional study. The kyphosis degree, trunk position sense, force sense, back muscle strength, and endurance were assessed in all participants. RESULTS The results showed lower back extensor strength and endurance, also higher force and position sense error in the hyperkyphotic group than the control group. In addition, the findings revealed that back extensor strength and endurance, as well as trunk position sense, were associated with kyphotic posture in older adults. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS This study suggests that back extensor strength and endurance and trunk position sense and force sense are potentially modifiable impairments associated with thoracic kyphosis in older adults with hyperkyphosis. It seems monitoring these potentially contributing factors would be helpful in the assessment and treatment of hyperkyphotic older individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Keshavarzi
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Department of Orthotics and Prosthetics, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Azadinia
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Department of Orthotics and Prosthetics, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,CONTACT Fatemeh Azadinia Rehabilitation Research Center, Department of Orthotics and Prosthetics, School of Rehabilitation Sciences Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Talebian
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Rasouli
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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MacLean KFE, Neyedli HF, Dewis C, Frayne RJ. The role of at home workstation ergonomics and gender on musculoskeletal pain. Work 2022; 71:309-318. [PMID: 35095004 DOI: 10.3233/wor-210692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The recent mandate for university faculty and staff to work-from-home (WFH) during the COVID-19 pandemic has forced employees to work with sub-optimal ergonomic workstations that may change their musculoskeletal discomfort and pain. As women report more work-related musculoskeletal discomfort (WMSD), this effect may be exacerbated in women. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to describe university employee at-home office workstations, and explore if at-home workstation design mediates the effect of gender on musculoskeletal pain. METHODS University employees completed a survey that focused on the WFH environment, at home workstation design and musculoskeletal pain. Descriptive statistics and regression analysis were used to analyze the responses. RESULTS 61% of respondents reported an increase in musculoskeletal pain, with the neck, shoulders and lower back being reported most frequently. Women reported significantly greater musculoskeletal pain, but this relationship was significantly mediated by poor ergonomic design of the home workstation. Improper seat-height and monitor distance were statistically associated with total-body WMSD. CONCLUSIONS WFH has worsened employee musculoskeletal health and the ergonomic gap between women and men in the workspace has persisted in the WFH environment, with seat height and monitor distance being identified as significant predictors of discomfort/pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen F E MacLean
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Heather F Neyedli
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Colleen Dewis
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Ryan J Frayne
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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12
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Abdel-Aziem AA, Abdel-Ghafar MAF, Ali OI, Abdelraouf OR. Effects of smartphone screen viewing duration and body position on head and neck posture in elementary school children. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil 2022; 35:185-193. [PMID: 34092602 DOI: 10.3233/bmr-200334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electronic media have become integral parts of modern life, in which prolonged screen viewing time (SVT) by children is nearly unavoidable. Prolonged use of smartphones could lead to musculoskeletal problems. OBJECTIVES To investigate the effect of SVT on head and neck posture during and after using smartphones for various periods of time in either standing or sitting postures. METHODS This observational study included 34 male children aged 5-12 years who were assigned to one of two groups based on average smartphone use duration per day: group A comprised 18 children averaging > 4 hours per day (h/day) of smartphone use, and group B comprised 16 children with < 4 h/day of smartphone use. The children's postures were photographed in standing and sitting positions while using a smartphone and 30 min after ceasing smartphone use. The head flexion, neck flexion, gaze, and craniocervical angles were measured using the software program Kinovea. RESULTS Significant increases were found in head flexion, neck flexion, and gaze angles. Furthermore, both groups saw a significant decrease in craniocervical angle when sitting compared to when standing, both during and 30 min after smartphone use. The head flexion, neck flexion, and gaze angles of group A were significantly higher than those of group B, and the craniocervical angle of group A was significantly lower than that of group B in both postures (p< 0.05). CONCLUSION SVT is associated with increased neck and head flexion posture in children, especially in a sitting position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Almaz Abdel-Aziem
- Physical Therapy Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Biomechanics, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Olfat Ibrahim Ali
- Department of Basic Science for Physical Therapy, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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13
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Nishimura T, Tanaka M, Morikoshi N, Yoshizawa T, Miyachi R. Effect of Interventions for Improving Lumbar Motor Control on Low Back Pain in Sedentary Office Workers: A Randomized Controlled Trials. Phys Ther Res 2022; 24:240-248. [PMID: 35036258 DOI: 10.1298/ptr.e10121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To clarify the effect of intervention with dynamic motor control exercise (DMCE) for the lumbar region on low back pain in sedentary office workers (SOWs). METHODS The participants comprised 32 SOWs with low back pain who were randomly categorized into two groups: the DMCE group and the normal trunk exercise (NTE) group. Both groups performed each exercise for three days per week for 8 weeks. The primary endpoints were evaluated for the lumbar and hip flexion angles during trunk forward bending, effect of low back pain on activities of daily living (using the Oswestry Disability Index), and intensity of low back pain (using the Visual Analog Scale) pre- and post-intervention. The extent of changes was calculated by subtracting the pre-intervention value from the post-intervention value and was compared between the two groups using an unpaired t-test. RESULTS The extent of changes in the lumbar flexion and hip flexion angles at 10° of trunk forward bending were significantly greater in the DMCE group than in the NTE group, and no significant differences were noted between the two groups at other angles of trunk forward bending. The extent of changes in the Oswestry Disability Index and the Visual Analog Scale scores were significantly greater in the DMCE group than in the NTE group. CONCLUSION DMCE is effective in improving motor control in the lumbar region and hip joints, thereby ameliorating low back pain in SOWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Nishimura
- Department of Community-based-Rehabilitation, Nanto Municipal Hospital, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Ryo Miyachi
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Hokuriku University, Japan
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Takeda H, Yamashina Y, Tabira K. Relationship between kyphosis and cough strength and respiratory function of community-dwelling elderly. Physiother Theory Pract 2021; 38:3100-3107. [PMID: 34657572 DOI: 10.1080/09593985.2021.1989731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kyphosis may reduce the force of coughing by affecting the factors related to cough peak flow (CPF). This study sought to compare cough strength and respiratory function between non-kyphotic and kyphotic elderly individuals and clarify the relationship between these factors. METHODS The non-kyphotic group comprised 17 elderly individuals with a kyphosis index of less than 15.1, while the kyphotic group comprised 21 elderly individuals with a kyphosis index of 15.1 or higher. Cough strength, respiratory function, respiratory muscle strength, and maximum phonation time were measured, and comparison between two groups and correlation analysis between variables were performed. RESULTS CPF, vital capacity, maximum expiratory pressure (PEmax), maximum inspiratory pressure (PImax), and chest expansion at the xiphoid process were significantly lower in the kyphotic group than in the non-kyphotic group. There were significant negative correlations between kyphosis index and CPF (r = -0.37, p < 0.05), PEmax (r = -0.45, p < 0.01), PImax (r = -0.44, p < 0.01) and chest expansion at the xiphoid process (r = -0.38, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated that cough strength was significantly lower in the kyphotic compared to non-kyphotic individuals. Furthermore, cough strength decreased with increased severity of kyphosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromichi Takeda
- Rehabilitation Section Medical Department Rehastage Co., Ltd, Naniwa-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka, Japan.,Graduate School of Health Science, Kio University, Kitakatsuragi-gun, Nara, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Yamashina
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Science, Aino University, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Tabira
- Graduate School of Health Science, Kio University, Kitakatsuragi-gun, Nara, Japan
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15
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Cardoso MR, Cardenas AK, Albert WJ. A biomechanical analysis of active vs static office chair designs. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2021; 96:103481. [PMID: 34102577 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2021.103481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to provide a biomechanical comparison of two different types of active chairs (AC1 & AC2) versus a static chair (NAC). Thirty healthy participants were recruited: fifteen healthy females and fifteen healthy males. Participants worked at a computer workstation (1-h per chair). Equipment included: Pressure pads, Electromyography, Near-Infrared Spectroscopy, and Questionnaires (rate of perceived discomfort, seating discomfort questionnaire and exit survey). A significant increase in anterior-posterior postural sway was found on the seat pan with the use of the AC1. An increase in neuromuscular activity of the external obliques and an increase change in total oxygen index (%TOI) values in the gastrocnemius were also found using the AC1, however the difference was not much higher than the NAC and AC2. Lower discomfort scores in the gluteal area were found with the use of active chair AC1 compared to the NAC. Preliminary findings suggest that having an office chair with a split seat pan design shows potential to yield biomechanical and physiological benefits for the sitter, however further research is needed to better understand the ergonomic benefits of active sitting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew K Cardenas
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada
| | - Wayne J Albert
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada
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16
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Nolan AJ, Govers ME, Oliver ML. Effect of fatigue on muscle latency, muscle activation and perceived discomfort when exposed to whole-body vibration. ERGONOMICS 2021; 64:1281-1296. [PMID: 33788671 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2021.1909146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Whole-body vibration and muscle fatigue have both been shown to delay the trunk muscle reflex response and increase trunk muscle activation, leading to an increased risk of low back injuries. However, the effects of whole-body vibration on previously fatigued trunk muscles have never been tested, despite studies showing that prolonged exposure to whole-body vibration can lead to muscle fatigue. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of muscle fatigue on muscle latency, muscle activation and perceived discomfort when exposed to whole-body vibration. The results showed that a fatigued muscle state resulted in increased muscle latency, muscle activation and perceived discomfort, which all escalate the risk of low back injuries. Additionally, the ISO 2631-1 comfort ratings did not increase with fatigue, showing a disconnect between these comfort ratings and the perceived discomfort ratings in a fatigued muscle state. Practitioner summary: When exposed to whole-body vibration, fatigued back muscles result in delayed muscle contraction, higher overall muscle activation and increased perceived discomfort, all of which are known to increase low back injury risk. ISO 2631-1 comfort ratings are unable to increase with fatigue, showing a disconnect with perceived discomfort ratings. Abbreviations: EMG: electromyography; EO: external oblique; IO: internal oblique; LE: lumbar erector spinae; LEO: left externaloblique; LIO: left internal oblique; LLE: left lumbar erector spinae; LTE: left thoracic erector spinae; MVC: maximum voluntarycontraction; REO: right external oblique; RIO: right internal oblique; RLE: right lumbar erector spinae; RTE: right thoracicerector spinae; SEAT: Seat Effective Amplitude Transmissibility; TE: thoracic erector spinae; WBV: whole body vibration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Megan E Govers
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
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17
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Park JH, Srinivasan D. The effects of prolonged sitting, standing, and an alternating sit-stand pattern on trunk mechanical stiffness, trunk muscle activation and low back discomfort. ERGONOMICS 2021; 64:983-994. [PMID: 33565921 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2021.1886333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Sit-stand desks continue to be a popular intervention for office work. While previous studies have reported changes in subjective measures, there is limited understanding of how sit-stand work differs from prolonged sitting or standing work, from a biomechanical standpoint. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of prolonged sitting, prolonged standing, and a sit-stand paradigm on changes in trunk stiffness, low back discomfort, and trunk muscle activation. Twelve healthy participants performed 2 h of computer-based tasks in each protocol, on three different days. The sit-stand protocol was associated with a significant increase in trunk stiffness and a decrease in muscle activation of lumbar multifidus and longissimus thoracis pars thoracis, compared to both prolonged sitting and standing. Both sitting and standing were associated with increased low back discomfort. These findings may be worth exploring in more detail, for why alternating sit-stand patterns may help alleviate low back pain. Practitioner summary: We explored changes in objective and subjective measures related to low back discomfort following prolonged sitting, standing, and alternating sit-stand patterns. Alternating sit-stand pattern was associated with increased trunk stiffness and decreased back muscle activity. Hence, sit-stand desks may have benefits in terms of preventing/mitigating low back pain. Abbreviations: DOF: degree of freedom; EMG: electromyogram; ILL: iliocostalis lumborum pars lumborum; LTL: longissimus thoracis pars lumborum; LTT: longissimus thoracis pars thoracis; LBP: low back pain; LM: lumbar multifidus; MVEs: maximum isometric voluntary exertions; RANOVA: repeated-measure analysis of variance; RMS: root mean square.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jang-Ho Park
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Divya Srinivasan
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
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18
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Shamsi H, Khademi-Kalantari K, Akbarzadeh-Baghban A, Izadi N, Okhovatian F. Cervical flexion relaxation phenomenon in patients with and without non-specific chronic neck pain. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil 2021; 34:461-468. [PMID: 33492275 DOI: 10.3233/bmr-200137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cervical flexion relaxation phenomenon (FRP) is a myoelectric silence of neck extensor muscles which occurs after a certain degree of flexion. Impaired flexion relaxation can impose the vertebral structures to excessive loading resulting from the persistence of muscular contraction. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the incidence or absence of FRP in cervical erector spinae (CES) and upper trapezius muscles in patients with chronic neck pain (CNP). METHODS Twenty-five patients with CNP and 25 healthy volunteers were recruited. They accomplished cervical flexion and extension from a neutral position in four phases in the sitting position. The surface electromyography activity of both CES and upper trapezius muscles was recorded in each phase. Cervical flexion and extension movements were simultaneously measured using an electrogoniometer. RESULTS FRP in CES was observed in 84% and 36% of healthy subjects and CNP patients, respectively. Flexion relaxation ratio (FRR) in CES was lower in CNP patients than in healthy subjects (mean diff = 1.33; 95% CI: 0.75-1.91) (P< 0.001). Only in CNP patients, FRR in right erector spinea was significantly higher than that in the left erector spinea (P= 0.04). CONCLUSIONS FRP incidence in CNP patients was less than in healthy subjects. Moreover, this phenomenon begins later in CNP patients than in healthy subjects indicating prolonged activity of CES muscles during flexion in the CNP group. The difference between FRR in the right and left sides of erector spinea muscles can result in CNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Shamsi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khosro Khademi-Kalantari
- Physiotherapy Research Centre, School of Rehabilitation, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Neda Izadi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshad Okhovatian
- Physiotherapy Research Centre, School of Rehabilitation, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Dong Y, Wang H, Zhu Y, Chen B, Zheng Y, Liu X, Qiao J, Wang X. Effects of whole body vibration exercise on lumbar-abdominal muscles activation for patients with chronic low back pain. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2020; 12:78. [PMID: 33303024 PMCID: PMC7731765 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-020-00226-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Whole body vibration (WBV) training as an intervention method can cure chronic low back pain (CLBP). Different WBV parameters exert different effects on lumbar-abdominal muscle performance. Currently, there is a lack of study researched the influence of WBV training on patients with CLBP by lumbar–abdominal muscle activity. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate how WBV and exercise and their interactions influence lumbar-abdominal muscle activity in patients with CLBP. Methods a group of ambulatory patients with chronic low back pain. Muscle activities of the multifidus (MF), erector spinae (ES), abdominal oblique externus muscle (AOE) and the rectus abdominis muscle (RA) were measured by surface electromyography, whereas participants performed 4 different exercises (single bridge, plank, side stay and V crunch) during three whole body vibration conditions and a no-vibration condition in a single experimental session. Results Compared with the same exercises without whole body vibration, muscle activity increased when whole body vibration was added to the exercises. MF; the WBV frequency (P = 0.002,) and exercise (P < 0.001) presented significant effects on the root mean square of MF, whereas exercise * frequency (P = 0.044) also resulted in significant interaction effects. ES: the significant differences were detected at WBV frequency (P < 0.001), exercise (P < 0.001), the interaction effect of exercise and frequency (P = 0.225) was no significant. RA: the significant difference was detected at WBV frequency (P = 0.018), the effect of exercise (P = 0.590) and the exercise * frequency interaction (P = 0.572) were no significant. AOE: the significant difference was detected at WBV frequency (P < 0.001), the effect of exercise (P = 0.152) and the exercise * frequency interaction (P = 0.380) were no significant. Conclusion Adding whole body vibration to exercise could increase muscle activation of lumbar–abdominal muscle in patients with CLBP. The optimum frequency for lumbar–abdominal muscles is 15 Hz. The best exercises include plank for multifidus and erector spinae, V crunch for rectus abdominis and single bridge for abdominal oblique externus. Clinical registration Trial registration: ChiCTR-TRC-13003708. Registered 19 October 2013. The code of ethical approval 2014008.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Dong
- Department of Treatment, The Second Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, 25 Changjiang RD, Shanghai, China
| | - Huifang Wang
- Yang Zhi Affiliated Rehabilition Hospital of Tongji, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Department of Treatment, The Second Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, 25 Changjiang RD, Shanghai, China
| | - Binglin Chen
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yili Zheng
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, 399 Changhai RD, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaochen Liu
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, 399 Changhai RD, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Qiao
- Department of Treatment, The Second Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, 25 Changjiang RD, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xueqiang Wang
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, 399 Changhai RD, Shanghai, China.
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20
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Nishimura T, Miyachi R. Relationship between low back pain and lumbar and hip joint movement in desk workers. J Phys Ther Sci 2020; 32:680-685. [PMID: 33132530 PMCID: PMC7590845 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.32.680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] The study aimed to determine the relationship between low back pain and lumbar
and hip movement in desk workers with chronic non-specific low back pain, in order to
obtain basic data regarding measures for preventing low back pain in desk workers.
[Participants and Methods] The study included 10 desk workers (all female, age: 47.1 ±
6.0 years). The following measurements were recorded: numerical rating scale score for
pain assessment at the time of maximum forward and backward bending of the trunk while
standing, and the amount of movement of the trunk and the lumbar and hip joint. The ratio
of the lumbar and hip joint movements during maximum forward and backward bending of the
trunk was calculated. [Results] For maximum forward and backward bending of the trunk, a
positive correlation between the numerical rating scale score and the ratio of movement
for the lumbar and a negative correlation with that of the hip joint were noted.
[Conclusion] Moving the hip joint while suppressing excessive lumbar movement is one of
the measures for preventing low back pain in desk workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Nishimura
- Nanto City Visiting Nursing Station: 938 Inami, Nanto-shi, Toyama 932-0211, Japan.,Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate Course of Rehabilitation Science, Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Japan
| | - Ryo Miyachi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyoto Tachibana University, Japan
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21
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What is the best way to collect maximum forward lumbar spine flexion values for normalizing posture to range of motion? J Biomech 2020; 103:109706. [PMID: 32164962 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2020.109706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Spine angles are an important measure in biomechanics research and are commonly normalized to a percentage of range of motion. However, standardized methods to collect the reference posture trials for this normalization do not exist. The purpose of this study was to determine posture (seated or standing) and number of trials that should be collected and how to calculate the angle that best represents the maximum range. Forty healthy adults (22 females, 18 males) completed 12 reference trials: 1 upright standing, 5 standing flexion, and 5 seated flexion trials. The maximum lumbar angle was found for each flexion trial. Additionally, different methods to calculate the maximum were applied by taking the maximum of the 5 standing, 5 seated, and all 10 flexion trials. An interaction was found between posture, order, and trial number. 42.5% and 57.5% of participants reached their maximum angle during seated and standing flexion respectively which may be due to back- vs hip-dominant movement strategies. 85% of participants achieved their maximum at some point during the first six flexion trials. The maximum angle of all 10 flexion trials was significantly greater than the angle of the first standing or seated trial only but not significantly greater than the maximum of all seated or standing flexion trials respectively. Secondarily, no differences in the maximum lumbar angle were found between sexes. This study suggests that 6 flexion trials, involving both standing and seated flexion, should be collected to best represent the maximum end range of spine flexion.
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22
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Zwambag DP, Brown SH. Experimental validation of a novel spine model demonstrates the large contribution of passive muscle to the flexion relaxation phenomenon. J Biomech 2020; 102:109431. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2019.109431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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23
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Cui A, Emery K, Beaudoin AS, Feng J, Côté JN. Sex-specific effects of sitting vs standing on upper body muscle activity during text typing. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2020; 82:102957. [PMID: 31563002 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2019.102957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Standing computer work is increasingly popular. However, despite the higher rates of computer work-related disorders in women, no studies have compared how standing work affects men and women. Twelve males and 12 females completed 90-min typing tasks in each posture while electromyography (EMG) data was recorded from eight muscles of the upper body. Results show that females had significantly higher EMG root-mean-squared (RMS) values in the anterior deltoid than males when seated, but higher EMG RMS in the medial trapezius than males when standing (SBC ≤ 0.05). In standing, they also had lower values than males in the erector spinae. Overall, standing elicited less activity in the upper trapezius, wrist extensors and erector spinae than sitting. Results suggest that the standing posture is generally less muscularly demanding than the seated one, although men and women's neck/shoulder musculature responds differently to the same task performed while seated or standing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Cui
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, McGill University, 475 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, Quebec, H2W 1S4, Canada; Feil & Oberfeld/CRIR Research Center, Jewish Rehabilitation Hospital, 3205 Alton, Goldbloom Place, Laval, Quebec, H7V 1R2, Canada
| | - Kim Emery
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, McGill University, 475 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, Quebec, H2W 1S4, Canada; Feil & Oberfeld/CRIR Research Center, Jewish Rehabilitation Hospital, 3205 Alton, Goldbloom Place, Laval, Quebec, H7V 1R2, Canada
| | - Anne-Sophie Beaudoin
- Feil & Oberfeld/CRIR Research Center, Jewish Rehabilitation Hospital, 3205 Alton, Goldbloom Place, Laval, Quebec, H7V 1R2, Canada
| | - Jessica Feng
- Feil & Oberfeld/CRIR Research Center, Jewish Rehabilitation Hospital, 3205 Alton, Goldbloom Place, Laval, Quebec, H7V 1R2, Canada
| | - Julie N Côté
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, McGill University, 475 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, Quebec, H2W 1S4, Canada; Feil & Oberfeld/CRIR Research Center, Jewish Rehabilitation Hospital, 3205 Alton, Goldbloom Place, Laval, Quebec, H7V 1R2, Canada.
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Wang K, Wang L, Deng Z, Jiang C, Niu W, Zhang M. Influence of passive elements on prediction of intradiscal pressure and muscle activation in lumbar musculoskeletal models. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2019; 177:39-46. [PMID: 31319959 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2019.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of incorporating various passive elements, which could represent combined or individual effects of intervertebral disc, facet articulation and ligaments, on the prediction of lumbar muscle activation and L4-L5 intradiscal pressure. METHODS The passive elements representing the intervertebral disc, facet articulations, and ligaments were added to the existed lumbar musculoskeletal model with nonlinear rotational stiffness or force-strain relationships. The model was fed with kinematics of trunk flexion, extension, axial rotation and lateral bending to calculate muscle activation and L4-L5 intradiscal pressure. RESULTS In the trunk axial rotation, the intradiscal pressure values predicted by the models with elements representing facet articulation were much higher than that predicated by models removing these elements. In the trunk flexion, the models with passive elements showed lower muscle activation of extensors than model with no passive elements. At the end of trunk flexion, extension, axial rotation and lateral bending, the intradiscal pressure values predicted by model with intact passive elements were 120.6%, 92.5%, 334.8% and 74.9% of the values predicted by model with no passive elements, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Caution must be taken while modeling facet articulation as elements with rotational stiffness, as they may lead to overestimation of intradiscal pressure in trunk axial rotation. The inclusion of ligaments as spring-like elements may improve the simulation of flexion-relaxation phenomenon in trunk flexion. Future models considering detailed properties of passive elements are needed to allow more access to understanding the mechanics of the lumbar spine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Wang
- Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital, Sunshine Rehabilitation Centre, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201619, China; Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lejun Wang
- Sport and Health Research Center, Physical Education Department, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhen Deng
- Baoshan Branch, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenghua Jiang
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wenxin Niu
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
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Roghani T, Khalkhali Zavieh M, Talebian S, Akbarzadeh Baghban A, Katzman W. Back Muscle Function in Older Women With Age-Related Hyperkyphosis: A Comparative Study. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2019; 42:284-294. [PMID: 31257003 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to compare static maximal back extensor muscle force, endurance, and characteristics of flexion relaxation phenomenon (FRP) in older women with and without age-related hyperkyphosis. METHODS Maximum back extensor force and endurance measured in a sitting position with a designed load cell setup; appearance, onset, and offset angles of FRP; and extension relaxation ratio (ERR) during a dynamic flexion-extension task were compared between 24 older women with hyperkyphosis (thoracic kyphosis angle ≥50°), mean age 65 ± 4.4 years, and 24 older women without hyperkyphosis (thoracic kyphosis angle ≪50°), mean age 63 ± 4.3 years. Variables of force, endurance, angles of FRP, and ERR were analyzed using an independent sample t test. A χ2 test was used to identify differences between groups in FRP appearance. RESULTS Static back extensor force and endurance were significantly lower among those with versus those without hyperkyphosis (P ≪ .001). Although the 2 groups did not differ in FRP appearance and ERR in the superficial erector spinal muscles (P ≫ .05), FRP in the hyperkyphosis group started sooner and ended later than in the group without hyperkyphosis (P ≪ .05). CONCLUSION Our study indicates that women with age-related hyperkyphosis had decreased static maximal force and endurance of the back extensor muscles and prolonged myoelectrical silence of the superficial erector spinal muscles. Reduced endurance of the superficial erector spinal muscles may trigger early onset of FRP and prolonged relaxation of these muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayebeh Roghani
- Musculoskeletal Research Center, Rehabilitation Research Institute and Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Minoo Khalkhali Zavieh
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Saeed Talebian
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Akbarzadeh Baghban
- Proteomics Research Center, School of Rehabilitation, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Wendy Katzman
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California
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Jia B, Nussbaum MA. Influences of continuous sitting and psychosocial stress on low back kinematics, kinetics, discomfort, and localized muscle fatigue during unsupported sitting activities. ERGONOMICS 2018; 61:1671-1684. [PMID: 29985116 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2018.1497815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Continuous seated postures may increase the risk of adverse health outcomes such as low-back pain, and this risk may be influenced by several modifying factors. In the present study, we aimed to quantify the effects of continuous sitting and psychosocial stress under an unsupported sitting condition. Fourteen participants completed continuous, 40 min. periods of computer-based tasks, involving both low and higher levels of psychosocial stress, while using a laptop computer without a desk. Continuous sitting significantly increased perceived discomfort (particularly in the upper and lower back), trunk flexion and metrics of localized muscle fatigue. A higher level of psychosocial stress increased estimated lumbosacral compression forces (by ∼12%). Only weak correlations were found between subjective and objective measures, while various fatigue metrics showed a good level of correspondence with each other. These results could support the future evaluation or design of diverse seated work configurations. Practitioner Summary: Continuous, 40 min. periods of unsupported sitting had broad impacts on subjective and objective outcomes, including discomfort, postures, spine loads and localized muscle fatigue, while psychosocial stress only had a substantial influence on lumbosacral compression. These results extend our understanding of sitting behaviors and provide information for designing future sitting environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bochen Jia
- a Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering , University of Michigan-Dearborn , Dearborn , MI , USA
| | - Maury A Nussbaum
- b Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering , Virginia Tech , Blacksburg , VA , USA
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Jung JH, Kim NS. Changes in training posture induce changes in the chest wall movement and respiratory muscle activation during respiratory muscle training. J Exerc Rehabil 2018; 14:771-777. [PMID: 30443522 PMCID: PMC6222142 DOI: 10.12965/jer.1836366.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Postural changes induce changes in chest wall kinematics and eventually pulmonary function, and affect chest wall shape and chest motion. This study aimed to examine the effects of postural change on changes in the chest wall during respiratory muscle training. Using a repeated measures design, this study followed 13 healthy adults (13 men; mean age, 23.73 years). All participants performed four postures (neutral, full trunk rotation, half-range trunk rotation, and lateral ribcage shift postures) during respiratory muscle training. The chest wall movement during the four postures was measured using a three-dimensional motion-analysis system during respiratory muscle training. Surface electromyography data were collected from the diaphragm and sternocleidomastoid muscles, and the asymmetric ratio of muscle activation was calculated based on the collected data. The chest wall movements of the upper costal and middle costal region were greater in the neutral posture than in the full rotation, half rotation, and lateral ribcage shift postures (P<0.05). The respiratory muscle activation on diaphragm of left was greater in the full rotation posture than in the neutral posture, half rotation, and lateral ribcage shift postures (P<0.05). The asymmetric ratio of muscle activation was greater in the full rotation posture than in the neutral posture, half rotation, and lateral ribcage shift postures (P<0.05). This study verified that postural change during respiratory muscle training may affect chest wall movement and muscle activation. Thus, this study recommends respiratory muscle training to be performed in neutral posture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Hyeon Jung
- Department of Physical Therapy, Gimhae College, Gimhae, Korea
| | - Nan-Soo Kim
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Pusan, Busan, Korea
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Flexion-Relaxation Phenomenon in Children and Adolescents With and Without Nonspecific Chronic Low Back Pain: An Electromyographic and Kinematic Cross-Sectional Comparative Study. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2018; 43:1322-1330. [PMID: 29509654 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0000000000002621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN A cross-sectional comparative study. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the flexion-relaxation phenomenon (FRP), in standing trunk flexion and slumped sitting tasks, by comparing children and adolescents suffering from nonspecific chronic low back pain (NSCLBP) with controls (CTRL). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA The absence of the FRP can accurately discriminate adults with NSCLBP from those without during standing trunk flexion and slumped sitting tasks. Even if the FRP has been extensively studied in adults with NSCLBP, only one study has evaluated the FRP in adolescents, during a slumped sitting task, and this suggested that the FRP was also present in adolescents with NSCLBP. METHODS Thirty-seven children and adolescents with NSCLBP and 23 CTRL performed standing trunk flexion and slumped sitting tasks. All participants were equipped with surface electromyography (EMG) electrodes on the erector spinae longissimus (ESL) and multifidus (M) muscles and reflective markers on the spinous processes of C7, L1, and S1. Global (C7-S1), thoracic (C7-L1), and lumbar (L1-S1) trunk flexion absolute angle were measured. The FRP was reported using visual inspection and a flexion-relaxation ratio (FRR). A self-reference threshold was used to identify the time of FRP onset. Repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the main and interaction effects of task, group and muscle on FRR, and the relative maximal angle at FRP onset of the global trunk (C7-S1). RESULTS Results showed three main findings: (1) the FRP's low sensitivity in discriminating between NSCLBP and CTRL participants in groups, tasks, or muscles; (2) similar observed maximal flexion angles in both groups during flexion tasks; and (3) similar observed relative maximal global trunk flexion angles at FRP onset in groups, tasks, and muscles. CONCLUSION These results are not consistent with the literature on adults and could lead to modified therapeutic management of NSCLBP in children and adolescents. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3.
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du Rose A. Have Studies that Measure Lumbar Kinematics and Muscle Activity Concurrently during Sagittal Bending Improved Understanding of Spinal Stability and Sub-System Interactions? A Systematic Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2018; 6:healthcare6030112. [PMID: 30205578 PMCID: PMC6163188 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare6030112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to improve understanding of the complex interactions between spinal sub-systems (i.e., the passive (ligaments, discs, fascia and bones), the active (muscles and tendons) and the neural control systems), it is necessary to take a dynamic approach that incorporates the measurement of multiple systems concurrently. There are currently no reviews of studies that have investigated dynamic sagittal bending movements using a combination of electromyography (EMG) and lumbar kinematic measurements. As such it is not clear how understanding of spinal stability concepts has advanced with regards to this functional movement of the spine. The primary aim of this review was therefore to evaluate how such studies have contributed to improved understanding of lumbar spinal stability mechanisms. PubMed and Cochrane databases were searched using combinations of the keywords related to spinal stability and sagittal bending tasks, using strict inclusion and exclusion criteria and adhering to PRISMA guidelines. Whilst examples of the interactions between the passive and active sub-systems were shown, typically small sample sizes meant that results were not generalizable. The majority of studies used regional kinematic measurements, and whilst this was appropriate in terms of individual study aims, the studies could not provide insight into sub-system interaction at the level of the spinal motion segment. In addition, the heterogeneity in methodologies made comparison between studies difficult. The review suggests that since Panjabi’s seminal spinal control papers, only limited advancement in the understanding of these theories has been provided by the studies under review, particularly at an inter-segmental level. This lack of progression indicates a requirement for new research approaches that incorporate multiple system measurements at a motion segment level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alister du Rose
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, Treforest, Pontypridd, Wales CF37 1DL, UK.
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Changes in Lumbopelvic Movement and Muscle Recruitment Associated with Prolonged Deep Squatting: A Pilot Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15051001. [PMID: 29772741 PMCID: PMC5982040 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15051001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the changes in spinal kinematics and muscle recruitment of the lumbopelvic region associated with prolonged squatting. Eight subjects with chronic nonspecific low back pain (LBP) and eight asymptomatic subjects (AS) performed squat-to-stand and reverse movements, before and immediately after 15 min deep-squatting. Within-group and between-group differences in lumbopelvic kinematics and electromyographic activity acquired in lumbar erector spinae (ES), gluteus maximus (GM), and vastus lateralis (VL) were analyzed. During squat-to-stand after squatting, the LBP group showed slower then faster lumbar movement in the second and third quartiles, respectively. In the second quartile, the AS group moved with a significantly greater lumbar angle. However, significantly greater bilateral GM activity (+4–4.5%) was found in the LBP group only. A more profound decrease in bilateral ES activity (−10%) was also shown in the LBP group, yet this was nonsignificant compared to the AS group (−4%). In the third quartile, only the LBP group moved with a significantly greater lumbar angle, together with a significant increase in bilateral ES (+6–8%) and GM muscle (+2–3%) activity. The findings of the altered pattern of joint kinematics and recruitment of the key lumbopelvic muscles displayed in the LBP group inform on the possible mechanisms that may contribute to the increased risk of developing lumbar dysfunctions for people who work in prolonged squatting postures.
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Douglas EC, Gallagher KM. Are the Neck Positions and Muscle Activity Observed when Reading a Tablet Similar to That of the Cervical Flexion-Relaxation Onset? IISE Trans Occup Ergon Hum Factors 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/24725838.2018.1450310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ethan C. Douglas
- Undergraduate Student, Exercise Science Research Center, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States
| | - Kaitlin M. Gallagher
- Exercise Science Research Center, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States
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Repeated end range spinal movement while seated abolishes the proprioceptive deficit induced by prolonged flexed sitting posture. A study assessing the statistical and clinical significance of spinal position sense. Musculoskelet Sci Pract 2017. [PMID: 28624723 DOI: 10.1016/j.msksp.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sustained spinal flexion has been proposed to affect the properties of spinal tissues, increase postural muscle's activation latency and act detrimentally on proprioception. OBJECTIVES This study evaluated the effect of flexed posture (FP) on spinal proprioception and assessed the immediate effect of spinal movement on the presumable flexion-induced proprioceptive deficit. DESIGN Clinical measurement study. METHODS Marker-based kinematic analyses of the head, spine, and pelvis were conducted on 50 individuals. Subjects were educated in a lordotic sitting posture (IOSP) that they reproduced immediately; after 10 and 30 min in FP; and after sagittal spinal movement. Nine sagittal angles were calculated. Absolute error (AE) and constant error (CE) were used to evaluate repositioning accuracy. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to test for significant differences in angles obtained among postures, as well as for the AE and CE calculated from the trials. RESULTS No significant differences were found in reposition error (RE) after immediate reproduction of IOSP (all p > 0.0083). Following FP AEs presented significant differences for head (4.1°), head protraction (1.9°), head tilt (2.1°), lumbar (3.2°) and pelvis angle (2.1°). CEs revealed significant differences for head protraction (-1.8°) and lumbar angle (-3.5°). No significant differences were found for AE and CE after spinal sagittal movement (all p > 0.0083). CONCLUSIONS Prolonged FP can affect spinal position sense, but sagittal spinal movement can abolish the proprioceptive deficit. The significant differences documented, may be of limited clinical utility given their magnitude, and the reliability data presented may be of use in reinterpreting previously documented proprioceptive analyses.
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Precision based guidelines for sub-maximal normalisation task selection for trunk extensor EMG. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2017; 37:41-51. [PMID: 28918109 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The object of this study was to quantify the contribution of sub-maximal normalisation to the overall variance of exposure parameters describing erector spinae (ES) activity, and to provide guidelines for task selection which minimize methodological variance. METHODS ES EMG was measured from three locations (T9, L1 and L5 levels) on fifteen men performing a manual materials handling task in the laboratory on three separate days. Four repeats of each of eleven sub-maximal normalisation tasks (eight static, three dynamic) were collected, work data were normalised to each task and repeat, and exposure parameters calculated. The unique contribution of normalisation to the overall variance was determined for each task and exposure parameter using variance component analyses. Normalisation tasks were scored according to their relative contributions to the overall variance and coefficients of variation. RESULTS A prone task, similar to the Biering-Sørensen test posture, was the most repeatable for all electrode locations and across all exposure parameters. Thoracic level normalisation typically showed poorer repeatability than lumbar normalisation. DISCUSSION To maximize measurement precision, we recommend that future ES EMG studies employing sub-maximal normalisation utilise said prone task. An alternate normalisation task specific to thoracic level ES muscles may be warranted.
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Roghani T, Zavieh MK, Manshadi FD, King N, Katzman W. Age-related hyperkyphosis: update of its potential causes and clinical impacts-narrative review. Aging Clin Exp Res 2017; 29:567-577. [PMID: 27538834 PMCID: PMC5316378 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-016-0617-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims to qualitatively review the contributing factors and health implications of age-related hyperkyphosis. We conducted a narrative review of observational and cohort studies describing the risk factors and epidemiology of hyperkyphosis from 1955 to 2016 using the following key words: kyphosis, hyperkyphosis, posture, age-related hyperkyphosis, kyphotic posture, aetiology and causes. This review included 77 studies. Approximately 60-70 % of the most severe hyperkyphosis cases have no evidence of underlying vertebral compression fractures. Other proposed factors contributing to hyperkyphosis are degenerative disc disease, weakness of back extensor muscles and genetic predisposition. Strength and endurance of back extensor muscles are very important for maintaining normal postural alignment. Recent evidence suggests that age-related hyperkyphosis is not equivalent to spinal osteoporosis. Due to the negative impact of hyperkyphosis on physical function, quality of life and mortality rates, physicians should focus not only on osteoporosis, but also on age-related postural changes. More research about the relationship between spinal morphology and modifiable factors, especially the structural and functional parameters of trunk muscles, could further illuminate our understanding and treatment options for hyperkyphosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayebeh Roghani
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Minoo Khalkhali Zavieh
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Farideh Dehghan Manshadi
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nicole King
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Wendy Katzman
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Park JH, Kang SY, Lee SG, Jeon HS. The effects of smart phone gaming duration on muscle activation and spinal posture: Pilot study. Physiother Theory Pract 2017; 33:661-669. [DOI: 10.1080/09593985.2017.1328716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Hee Park
- Department of Physical Therapy, Yonsei University, Wonju, Kangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Young Kang
- Department of Physical Therapy, Yonsei University, Wonju, Kangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sa-Gyeom Lee
- Department of Physical Therapy, Suwon Women’s University, Bongdam-eup Hwaseong, Kyonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Seon Jeon
- Department of Physical Therapy, Yonsei University, Wonju, Kangwon-do, Republic of Korea
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Shojaei I, Bazrgari B. Activity of Erector Spinae During Trunk Forward Bending and Backward Return: The Effects of Age. Ann Biomed Eng 2017; 45:1511-1519. [PMID: 28194659 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-017-1811-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Electromyography (EMG)-based measures of the trunk muscles behavior have been used for objective assessment of biomechanical impairments in patients with low back pain (LBP); yet the literature on normal age-related differences in such measures is scant. A cross-sectional study was designed to assess age-related differences in activity of trunk extensors during forward bending and backward return. Sixty asymptomatic individuals were recruited to form five gender-balanced age groups between 20 and 70 years old. Participants completed two sets of trunk forward bending and backward return task using self-selected and fast motion paces. For bending and return phases of each task, the normalized lumbar flexion angles corresponding to different event times of erector spinae activity along with the peak normalized and non-normalized EMG activities of erector spinae were calculated. The mean normalized and non-normalized EMG activities of erector spinae during the entire task also were calculated. There was no age-related difference in normalized lumbar flexion angles corresponding to different event times of erector spinae activity. However, the peak normalized EMG activity during forward bending and backward return as well as the mean normalized EMG activity during the entire task were found to be larger in older vs. younger individuals. Given the suggested unreliability of normalized EMG in elders and considering that we did not find any age-related differences in non-normalized EMG activity of erector spinae, our results do not strongly support the existence of normal age-related differences in EMG profile of erector spinae during forward bending and backward return. Therefore, when interpreting EMG-based measures of trunk muscles behavior for identification of biomechanical impairment in patients with LBP, potential abnormalities in EMG activity of trunk muscles may not be attributed to patient's age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Shojaei
- F. Joseph Halcomb III, M.D. Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, 514E Robotic and Manufacturing Building, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Babak Bazrgari
- F. Joseph Halcomb III, M.D. Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, 514E Robotic and Manufacturing Building, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA.
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Kang KW, Son SM, Ko YM. Time-varying Changes in Pulmonary Function with Exposure to Prolonged Sitting. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2017; 7:382-384. [PMID: 28053844 PMCID: PMC5194222 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrp.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to quantify the time-varying changes in pulmonary function with exposure to prolonged sitting. METHODS Twenty-one healthy volunteers were recruited. The pulmonary function of all participants was measured three times in order to assess changes over time; pulmonary function was measured before sitting, after participants had been seated for 1 hour, and after they had been seated for 2 hours. A spirometer was used to measure pulmonary function. The recorded values were forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 second, ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 second to forced vital capacity (forced expiratory volume in 1 second/forced vital capacity), and peak expiratory flow. RESULTS All measured values were significantly different before sitting and after 1 hour of sitting. There were also significant differences between all measurements taken before sitting and after 2 hours of sitting. However, the measurements taken after 1 hour and 2 hours of sitting did not significantly differ. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that significant changes in pulmonary function occur relatively quickly when human beings are seated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Woo Kang
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health and Therapy, Daegu Haany University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sung Min Son
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Science, Cheongju University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Yu Min Ko
- Department of Physical Therapy, Gangneung Yeongdong College, Gangneung, Korea
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Voglar M, Wamerdam J, Kingma I, Sarabon N, van Dieën JH. Prolonged Intermittent Trunk Flexion Increases Trunk Muscles Reflex Gains and Trunk Stiffness. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162703. [PMID: 27768688 PMCID: PMC5096890 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The goal of the present study was to determine the effects of prolonged, intermittent flexion on trunk neuromuscular control. Furthermore, the potential beneficial effects of passive upper body support during flexion were investigated. Twenty one healthy young volunteers participated during two separate visits in which they performed 1 hour of intermittent 60 seconds flexion and 30 seconds rest cycles. Flexion was set at 80% lumbar flexion and was performed with or without upper body support. Before and after intermittent flexion exposure, lumbar range of motion was measured using inertial measurement units and trunk stability was assessed during perturbations applied in the forward direction with a force controlled actuator. Closed-loop system identification was used to determine the trunk translational admittance and reflexes as frequency response functions. The admittance describes the actuator displacement as a function of contact force and to assess reflexes muscle activation was related to actuator displacement. Trunk admittance gain decreased after unsupported flexion, while reflex gain and lumbar range of motion increased after both conditions. Significant interaction effects confirmed a larger increase in lumbar range of motion and reflex gains at most frequencies analysed following unsupported flexion in comparison to supported flexion, probably compensating for decreased passive tissue stiffness. In contrast with some previous studies we found that prolonged intermittent flexion decreased trunk admittance, which implies an increase of the lumped intrinsic and reflexive stiffness. This would compensate for decreased stiffness at the cost of an increase in cumulative low back load. Taking into account the differences between conditions it would be preferable to offer upper body support during activities that require prolonged trunk flexion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matej Voglar
- University of Primorska, Andrej Marušič Institute, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Jeffrey Wamerdam
- MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Department of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Idsart Kingma
- MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Department of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nejc Sarabon
- University of Primorska, Andrej Marušič Institute, Koper, Slovenia.,S2P Ltd., Laboratory for Motor Control and Motor Learning, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jaap H van Dieën
- MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Department of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Le P, Marras WS. Evaluating the low back biomechanics of three different office workstations: Seated, standing, and perching. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2016; 56:170-178. [PMID: 27184325 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate how different workstations may influence physical behavior in office work through motion and how that may affect spinal loads and discomfort. Twenty subjects performed a typing task in three different workstations (seated, standing, and perching) for one hour each. Measures of postural transitions, spinal loads, discomfort, and task performance were assessed in order to understand the effects of workstation interaction over time. Results indicated that standing had the most amount of motion (6-8 shifts/min), followed by perching (3-7 shifts/min), and then seating (<1 shift/min). Standing had the highest reports of discomfort and seating the least. However, spinal loads were highest in A/P shear during standing (190N posterior shear, 407N anterior shear) compared to perching (65N posterior shear, 288N anterior shear) and seating (106N posterior shear, 287 anterior shear). These loads are below the risk threshold for shear, but may still elicit a cumulative response. Perching may induce motion through supported mobility in the perching stool, whereas standing motion may be due to postural discomfort. Office workstation designs incorporating supported movement may represent a reasonable trade-off in the costs-benefits between seating and standing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Le
- Spine Research Institute - Biodynamics Laboratory, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210, USA; Department of Integrated Systems Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210, USA.
| | - William S Marras
- Spine Research Institute - Biodynamics Laboratory, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210, USA; Department of Integrated Systems Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210, USA
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Park SS, Choi BR. Effects of lumbar stabilization exercises on the flexion-relaxation phenomenon of the erector spinae. J Phys Ther Sci 2016; 28:1709-11. [PMID: 27390399 PMCID: PMC4932040 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.28.1709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] This study evaluated the differences in the flexion-relaxation phenomenon (FRP) of the right and left erector spinae muscles in asymptomatic subjects and the effect of lumbar stabilization exercises on these differences. [Subjects and Methods] Twenty-six participants (12 in the exercise group and 14 in the control group) with a difference in the FRP in the right and left erector spinae muscles were recruited from among healthy students attending Silla University. The exercise group performed two lumbar stabilization exercises (back bridge exercise and hand-knee exercise) for 4 weeks. The control group did not exercise. [Results] No significant group-by-exercise interaction was found. The right and left erector spinae muscles did show a difference in FRP between the control and exercise groups (119.2 ± 69.2 and 131.1 ± 85.2 ms, respectively). In addition, the exercise group showed a significant decrease in post-exercise (50.0 ± 27.0 ms) compared to pre-exercise (112.3 ± 41.5 ms) differences in the right and left FRP. [Conclusion] These results suggest that lumbar stabilization exercises may counter asymmetry of the FRP in the erector spinae muscles, possibly preventing low back pain in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- San-Seong Park
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health and Welfare, Silla University, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Ram Choi
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health and Welfare, Silla University, Republic of Korea
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Is There a Relationship Between Lumbar Proprioception and Low Back Pain? A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2016; 98:120-136.e2. [PMID: 27317866 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2016.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To systematically review the relationship between lumbar proprioception and low back pain (LBP). DATA SOURCES Four electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus) and reference lists of relevant articles were searched from inception to March-April 2014. STUDY SELECTION Studies compared lumbar proprioception in patients with LBP with controls or prospectively evaluated the relationship between proprioception and LBP. Two reviewers independently screened articles and determined inclusion through consensus. DATA EXTRACTION Data extraction and methodologic quality assessment were independently performed using standardized checklists. DATA SYNTHESIS Twenty-two studies (1203 participants) were included. Studies measured lumbar proprioception via active or passive joint repositioning sense (JRS) or threshold to detection of passive motion (TTDPM). Data from 17 studies were pooled for meta-analyses to compare patients with controls. Otherwise, descriptive syntheses were performed. Data were analyzed according to measurement method and LBP subgroup. Active JRS was worse in patients compared with controls when measured in sitting (standard mean difference, .97; 95% confidence interval [CI], .31-1.64). There were no differences between groups measured via active JRS in standing (standard mean difference, .41; 95% CI, -.07 to .89) or passive JRS in sitting (standard mean difference, .38; 95% CI, -.83 to 1.58). Patients in the O'Sullivan flexion impairment subgroup had worse proprioception than the total LBP cohort. The TTDPM was significantly worse in patients than controls. One prospective study found no link between lumbar proprioception and LBP. CONCLUSIONS Patients with LBP have impaired lumbar proprioception compared with controls when measured actively in sitting positions (particularly those in the O'Sullivan flexion impairment subgroup) or via TTDPM. Clinicians should consider the relationship between sitting and proprioception in LBP and subgroup patients to guide management. Further studies focusing on subgroups, longitudinal assessment, and improving proprioception measurement are needed.
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Cutler B, Eger T, Merritt T, Godwin A. Comparing para-rowing set-ups on an ergometer using kinematic movement patterns of able-bodied rowers. J Sports Sci 2016; 35:777-783. [PMID: 27250569 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2016.1189587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
While numerous studies have investigated the biomechanics of able-bodied rowing, few studies have been completed with para-rowing set-ups. The purpose of this research was to provide benchmark data for handle kinetics and joint kinematics for able-bodied athletes rowing in para- rowing set-ups on an indoor ergometer. Able-bodied varsity rowers performed maximal trials in three para-rowing set-ups; Legs, Trunk and Arms (LTA), Trunk and Arms (TA) and Arms and Shoulders (AS) rowing. The handle force kinetics of the LTA stroke were comparable to the values for able-bodied literature. Lumbar flexion at the catch, extension at the finish and total range of motion were, however, greater than values in the literature for able-bodied athletes in the LTA set-up. Additionally, rowers in TA and AS set-ups utilised more extreme ranges of motion for lumbar flexion, elbow flexion and shoulder abduction than the LTA set-up. This study provides the first biomechanical values of the para-rowing strokes for researchers, coaches and athletes to use while promoting the safest training programmes possible for para-rowing.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Cutler
- a School of Human Kinetics , Laurentian University , Sudbury , Canada
| | - T Eger
- a School of Human Kinetics , Laurentian University , Sudbury , Canada
| | - T Merritt
- b Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Laurentian University , Sudbury , Canada
| | - A Godwin
- a School of Human Kinetics , Laurentian University , Sudbury , Canada
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Stewart DM, Gregory DE. The use of intermittent trunk flexion to alleviate low back pain during prolonged standing. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2016; 27:46-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Mousavi-Khatir R, Talebian S, Maroufi N, Olyaei GR. Effect of static neck flexion in cervical flexion-relaxation phenomenon in healthy males and females. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2016; 20:235-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2015.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Yoo WG. Comparison of the thoracic flexion relaxation ratio and pressure pain threshold after overhead assembly work and below knee assembly work. J Phys Ther Sci 2016; 28:132-3. [PMID: 26957744 PMCID: PMC4755990 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.28.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to compare the thoracic flexion relaxation ratio following overhead work and below-knee work. [Subjects and Methods] Ten men (20-30 years) were recruited to this study. The thoracic flexion relaxation ratio and pressure pain threshold was measured after both overhead work and below-knee work. [Results] The pressure-pain thresholds of the thoracic erector spinae muscle decreased significantly from initial, to overhead, to below-knee work. Similarly, the thoracic flexion relaxation ratio decreased significantly from initial, to overhead, to below-knee work. [Conclusion] Below-knee work results in greater thoracic pain than overhead work. Future studies should investigate below-knee work in detail. This study confirmed the thoracic relaxation phenomenon in the mid-position of the thoracic erector spinae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-gyu Yoo
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Biomedical
Science and Engineering, Inje University: 607 Obangdong, Gimhae, Gyeongsangnam-do 621-749,
Republic of Korea
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Factors to consider in identifying critical points in lumbar spine flexion relaxation. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2015; 25:914-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2015.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Evaluation of forward head posture in
sitting and standing positions. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2015; 25:3577-3582. [DOI: 10.1007/s00586-015-4254-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Schinkel-Ivy A, Drake JD. Sequencing of superficial trunk muscle activation during range-of-motion tasks. Hum Mov Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ruggiero SA, Frost LR, Vallis LA, Brown SHM. Effect of short-term application of kinesio tape on the flexion-relaxation phenomenon, trunk postural control and trunk repositioning in healthy females. J Sports Sci 2015; 34:862-70. [PMID: 26252507 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2015.1076164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the potential effects of kinesio tape on the flexion-relaxation phenomenon, trunk postural control and trunk position sense when applied for a short period (30 min) to the low back of healthy female participants. Twenty-four participants were assigned to one of two groups: kinesio tape applied in either the recommended stretched or non-stretched (control) manner over the low back. Tests were performed at three time points (pre-tape, with tape, post-tape) to assess low-back muscle flexion-relaxation, position sense during active trunk repositioning and trunk postural control during seated balance. Results demonstrated that wearing kinesio tape did not affect the angle at which the erector spinae muscles became silent during trunk flexion (flexion-relaxation). Trunk repositioning error increased when wearing kinesio tape in both the stretched and non-stretched manner, and this increased error persisted after the tape was removed. Seated balance control improved when wearing kinesio tape in both the stretched and non-stretched manner, and these improvements persisted after the tape was removed. In conclusion, these findings do not support the general suggestions that short-term use of kinesio tape on the low-back region alter low-back muscle activation and enhance tasks related to proprioception, at least under these taping conditions in a group of healthy females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara A Ruggiero
- a Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences , University of Guelph , Guelph , ON , Canada
| | - Lydia R Frost
- a Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences , University of Guelph , Guelph , ON , Canada
| | - Lori Ann Vallis
- a Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences , University of Guelph , Guelph , ON , Canada
| | - Stephen H M Brown
- a Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences , University of Guelph , Guelph , ON , Canada
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Waongenngarm P, Rajaratnam BS, Janwantanakul P. Perceived body discomfort and trunk muscle activity in three prolonged sitting postures. J Phys Ther Sci 2015; 27:2183-7. [PMID: 26311951 PMCID: PMC4540846 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.27.2183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] This study aimed to investigate the perceived discomfort and trunk muscle
activity in three different 1-hour sitting postures. [Subjects] A repeated-measures design
study was conducted on 10 healthy subjects. [Methods] Each subject sat for an hour in
three sitting postures (i.e., upright, slumped, and forward leaning sitting postures).
Subjects rated perceived body discomfort using Borg’s CR-10 scale at the beginning and
after 1 hour sitting. The electromyographic activity of the trunk muscle activity was
recorded during the 1-hour period of sitting. [Results] The forward leaning sitting
posture led to higher Borg scores in the low back than those in the upright (p = 0.002)
and slumped sitting postures (p < 0.001). The forward leaning posture was significantly
associated with increased iliocostalis lumborum pars thoracis (ICL) and superficial lumbar
multifidus (MF) muscle activity compared with the upright and slumped sitting postures.
The upright sitting posture was significantly associated with increased internal oblique
(IO)/transversus abdominis (TrA) and ICL muscle activity compared with the slumped sitting
posture. [Conclusion] The sitting posture with the highest low back discomfort after
prolonged sitting was the forward leaning posture. Sitting in an upright posture is
recommended because it increases IO/TrA muscle activation and induces only relatively
moderate ICL and MF muscle activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooriput Waongenngarm
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand
| | - Bala S Rajaratnam
- School of Health Sciences (Allied Health), Nanyang Polytechnic, Singapore
| | - Prawit Janwantanakul
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand
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