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Li S, Feng L, Li G, Liu R, Ma C, Wang L, Gao A, Liu C, Cui Y, Jiang Z, Xie Y, Wu Q, Wang X, Yang L, Qi Z, Shen Y. GSDME-dependent pyroptosis signaling pathway in diabetic nephropathy. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:156. [PMID: 37169767 PMCID: PMC10175547 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01452-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the serious chronic microvascular complications of diabetes, and leads to the increased morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. Gasdermin E (GSDME)-dependent pyroptosis signaling pathway plays important roles in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. However, its role and mechanism in DN are still unclear. In this study, we established a rat DN model by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) successfully. Structural and functional disorders in the kidney were exhibited on the 12th week after STZ injection; the expressions of caspase-3 and GSDME at protein level in renal cortex were significantly up-regulated. At the 20th week, GSDME-N increased significantly, accompanied by the upregulation of caspase-1 in renal cortex and the release of mature IL-1β (mIL-1β) in serum. Furthermore, we found the protein levels of GSDME, caspase-3, caspase-1 and IL-1β were all increased in HK2 and HBZY-1 cells under high-glucose conditions. We also found that the expression of GSDME-N significantly decreased when caspase-3 was knockdown. In contrast, knockdown of GSDME has no effect on caspase-3. Interestingly, either caspase-3, caspase-1 or GSDME knockdown reduced the release of mIL-1β. Finally, injection of adeno-associated virus (AAV) 9-shGSDME into the rat kidney reduced kidney damage and renal cell pyroptosis in comparison with wild-type diabetic rats. These results indicated that the activation of caspase-1 induced IL-1β maturation, and the activation of caspase-3 mediated cleavage of GSDME responsible for the formation of plasma membrane pore, followed by cytoplasmic release of mIL-1β. Overall, we identified a pro-pyroptosis role for GSDME in DN, which does provide an important basis for clinical therapeutic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyu Li
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, 300203, Tianjin, China
| | - Lifeng Feng
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Guangru Li
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruiqing Liu
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, 300203, Tianjin, China
| | - Changzhen Ma
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Lin Wang
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, 300203, Tianjin, China
| | - Aijiao Gao
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, 300203, Tianjin, China
| | - Chang Liu
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, 300203, Tianjin, China
| | - Yujie Cui
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, 300203, Tianjin, China
| | - Zecheng Jiang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuhang Xie
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, 571199, Haikou, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University; key laboratory of birth defects and related diseases of women and children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Liang Yang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of General Surgery in Construction, Tianjin Union Medical Center, 300121, Tianjin, China.
| | - Zhi Qi
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China.
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, 571199, Haikou, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of General Surgery in Construction, Tianjin Union Medical Center, 300121, Tianjin, China.
- Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Hospital, 830092, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Yanna Shen
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, 300203, Tianjin, China.
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, 571199, Haikou, China.
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Guzel S, Sahinogullari ZU, Canacankatan N, Antmen SE, Kibar D, Coskun Yilmaz B. Potential renoprotective effects of silymarin against vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Drug Chem Toxicol 2019; 43:630-636. [PMID: 30862206 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2019.1584208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Silymarin (SLY), a flavonoid complex isolated from the seeds of Silybum marianum (Asteraceae), has antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-lipid peroxidative effects. Vancomycin (VA), used for treating serious infections, has been associated with nephrotoxicity, which limits its use. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the potential renoprotective effects of SLY on VA-induced nephrotoxicity using renal, apoptotic (caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 enzyme activities), and oxidative stress [nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA)] markers; serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels; and histopathological examination. A total of 49 male Wistar albino rats were used (n = 7): control [saline, intraperitoneally (i.p.)], dimethyl sulfoxide (i.p.), VA [400 mg/(kg-day), i.p.], SLY100 [100 mg/(kg-day), i.p.], VA + SLY50 [50 mg/(kg-day), i.p.], VA + SLY100 [100 mg/(kg-day), i.p.], and VA + SLY200 [200 mg/(kg-day), i.p.]. SLY was administered once daily for 8 days. One day after the first treatment of SLY, VA administration was started and continued for 7 days. The levels of serum creatinine and BUN were evaluated using ELISA, caspase enzyme activities and levels of MDA and NO in the kidney tissues were evaluated by the colorimetric methods. The serum BUN, creatinine, NO, MDA levels, and caspase activities were significantly higher in VA group than in control (p < 0.05). However, caspase activities were significantly lower in VA + SLY200 than in VA (p < 0.05). The MDA, serum BUN, and creatinine levels were significantly lower in VA + SLY (50, 100, and 200) groups than in VA group (p < 0.05). VA + SLY200 was found to be the most effective group based on the caspase activities; MDA, NO, serum BUN, creatinine levels; and histopathological findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevda Guzel
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | | | - Necmiye Canacankatan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | | | - Deniz Kibar
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Banu Coskun Yilmaz
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
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Lee D, Lee H, Kang KS, Lee JW. 2-Bromo-4,5-Dimethoxy Chalcone Inhibits Cisplatin-induced LLC-PK1 Kidney Cell Death. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.11454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dahae Lee
- School of Pharmacy; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon 16419 South Korea
| | - Heesu Lee
- College of Dentisty; Gangneung Wonju National University; Gangneung 25457 South Korea
| | - Ki Sung Kang
- College of Korean Medicine; Gachon University; Seongnam 13120 South Korea
| | - Jae Wook Lee
- Natural Constituent Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology; Gangneung 25451 South Korea
- Convergence Research Center of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST); Seoul 02792 South Korea
- Department of Biological Chemistry; Korea University of Science and Technology; Daejun 34113 South Korea
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Burmeister DM, Gómez BI, Dubick MA. Molecular mechanisms of trauma-induced acute kidney injury: Inflammatory and metabolic insights from animal models. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:2661-2671. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Pastori S, Virzì GM, Brocca A, de Cal M, Cantaluppi V, Castellani C, Fedrigo M, Thiene G, Valente ML, Angelini A, Vescovo G, Ronco C. Cardiorenal Syndrome Type 1: Activation of Dual Apoptotic Pathways. Cardiorenal Med 2015; 5:306-15. [PMID: 26648947 DOI: 10.1159/000438831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiorenal syndrome type 1 (CRS1) pathophysiology is complex, and immune-mediated damage, including alterations in the immune response with monocyte apoptosis and cytokine release, has been reported as a potential mechanism. In this study, we examined the putative role of renal tubular epithelial cell (RTC) apoptosis as a pathogenic mechanism in CRS1. In particular, we investigated the caspase pathways involved in induced apoptosis. We enrolled 29 patients with acute heart failure (AHF), 11 patients with CRS1, and 15 controls (CTR) without AHF or acute kidney injury (AKI). Patients who had AKI prior to the episode of AHF or who had any other potential causes of AKI were excluded. Plasma from different groups was incubated with RTCs for 24 h. Subsequently, cell apoptosis, DNA fragmentation, and caspase-3, -8, and -9 activities were investigated in RTCs incubated with AHF, CRS1, and CTR plasma. A p value <0.5 was considered statistically significant. A quantitative analysis of apoptosis showed significantly higher apoptosis rates in CRS1 patients compared to AHF patients and CTR (p < 0.01). This increase in apoptosis was strongly confirmed by caspase-3 levels (ρ = 0.73). Caspase-8 and -9 were significantly higher in CRS1 patients compared to AHF patients and CTR (p < 0.01). Furthermore, caspase-3 levels showed a significantly positive correlation with caspase-8 (ρ = 0.57) and -9 (ρ = 0.47; p < 0.001). This study demonstrated the significantly heightened presence of dual apoptotic disequilibrium in CRS1. Our findings indicated that apoptosis may have a central role in the mechanism of CRS1, and it could be a potential therapeutic target in this syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Pastori
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Vicenza, Italy ; Department of IRRIV-International Renal Research Institute Vicenza, Vicenza, Italy ; Department of Information Engineering, University of Padua, Italy
| | - Grazia Maria Virzì
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Vicenza, Italy ; Department of IRRIV-International Renal Research Institute Vicenza, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Alessandra Brocca
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Vicenza, Italy ; Department of IRRIV-International Renal Research Institute Vicenza, Vicenza, Italy ; Department of Medicine DIMED, University of Padua Medical School, Padua, Italy
| | - Massimo de Cal
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Vicenza, Italy ; Department of IRRIV-International Renal Research Institute Vicenza, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cantaluppi
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Kidney Transplantation Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Azienda Ospedaliera 'Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino-Presidio Molinette', Torino, Italy
| | - Chiara Castellani
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, Italy
| | - Marny Fedrigo
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, Italy
| | - Gaetano Thiene
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Valente
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, Italy
| | - Annalisa Angelini
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, Italy
| | - Giorgio Vescovo
- Department of Internal Medicine, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy ; Internal Medicine Unit, Sant'Antonio Hospital Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Claudio Ronco
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Vicenza, Italy ; Department of IRRIV-International Renal Research Institute Vicenza, Vicenza, Italy
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Zhao Z, Yang C, Wang L, Li L, Zhao T, Hu L, Rong R, Xu M, Zhu T. The regulatory T cell effector soluble fibrinogen-like protein 2 induces tubular epithelial cell apoptosis in renal transplantation. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2014; 239:193-201. [PMID: 24414480 DOI: 10.1177/1535370213514921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute rejection (AR) hinders renal allograft survival. Tubular epithelial cell (TEC) apoptosis contributes to premature graft loss in AR, while the mechanism remains unclear. Soluble fibrinogen-like protein 2 (sFGL2), a novel effector of regulatory T cells (Treg), induces apoptosis to mediate tissue injury. We previously found that serum sFGL2 significantly increased in renal allograft rejection patients. In this study, the role of sFGL2 in AR was further investigated both in vivo and in vitro. The serum level of sFGL2 and the percentage of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) Treg in the peripheral blood were measured in renal allograft recipients with AR or stable renal function (n = 30 per group). The human TEC was stimulated with sFGL2, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, or phosphate buffered saline and investigated for apoptosis in vitro. Apoptosis-associated genes expression in TEC was further assessed. Approval for this study was obtained from the Ethics Committee of Fudan University. Our results showed that the serum level of sFGL2, correlated with Treg in the peripheral blood, was significantly increased in the AR patients. In vitro, sFGL2 remarkably induced TEC apoptosis, with a significant up-regulation of proapoptotic genes, including CASP-3, CASP-8, CASP-9, CASP-10, TRADD, TNFSF10, FADD, FAS, FASLG, BAK1, BAD, BAX, and NF-KB1. However, no significant changes were observed in the expression of antiapoptotic genes, including CARD-18, NAIP, BCL2, IKBKB, and TBK1. Therefore, sFGL2, an effector of Treg, induces TEC apoptosis. Our study suggests that sFGL2 is a potential mediator in the pathogenesis of allograft rejection and provides novel insights into the role of Treg in AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zitong Zhao
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Virzì GM, Day S, de Cal M, Vescovo G, Ronco C. Heart-kidney crosstalk and role of humoral signaling in critical illness. Crit Care 2014; 18:201. [PMID: 24393300 PMCID: PMC4059499 DOI: 10.1186/cc13177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Organ failure in the heart or kidney can initiate various complex metabolic, cell-mediated and humoral pathways affecting distant organs, contributing to the high therapeutic costs and significantly higher morbidity and mortality. The universal outreach of cells in an injured state has myriad consequences to distant organ cells and their milieu. Heart performance and kidney function are closely interconnected and communication between these organs occurs through a variety of bidirectional pathways. The term cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is often used to describe this condition and represents an important model for exploring the pathophysiology of cardiac and renal dysfunction. Clinical evidence suggests that tissue injury in both acute kidney injury and heart failure has immune-mediated inflammatory consequences that can initiate remote organ dysfunction. Acute cardiorenal syndrome (CRS type 1) and acute renocardiac syndrome (CRS type 3) are particularly relevant in high-acuity medical units. This review briefly summarizes relevant research and focuses on the role of signaling in heart-kidney crosstalk in the critical care setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Maria Virzì
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, San Bortolo Hospital, International Renal Research Institute Vicenza, Via Rodolfi 37, Vicenza 36100, Italy
- IRRIV – International Renal Resarch Institute Vicenza, Via Rodolfi 37, Vicenza 36100, Italy
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Sonya Day
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, San Bortolo Hospital, International Renal Research Institute Vicenza, Via Rodolfi 37, Vicenza 36100, Italy
- IRRIV – International Renal Resarch Institute Vicenza, Via Rodolfi 37, Vicenza 36100, Italy
| | - Massimo de Cal
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, San Bortolo Hospital, International Renal Research Institute Vicenza, Via Rodolfi 37, Vicenza 36100, Italy
- IRRIV – International Renal Resarch Institute Vicenza, Via Rodolfi 37, Vicenza 36100, Italy
| | - Giorgio Vescovo
- Internal Medicine, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Via Giustiniani, Padua 35128, Italy
| | - Claudio Ronco
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, San Bortolo Hospital, International Renal Research Institute Vicenza, Via Rodolfi 37, Vicenza 36100, Italy
- IRRIV – International Renal Resarch Institute Vicenza, Via Rodolfi 37, Vicenza 36100, Italy
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Kindt N, Menzebach A, Van de Wouwer M, Betz I, De Vriese A, Conway EM. Protective role of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein, survivin, in toxin-induced acute renal failure. FASEB J 2008; 22:510-21. [PMID: 17804696 DOI: 10.1096/fj.07-8882com] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Acute renal failure (ARF) is a major worldwide cause of morbidity and mortality, lacking specific targeted, effective therapies. Renal tubular cell apoptosis has been recognized to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of ARF, yet few studies have evaluated whether intervention in apoptotic pathways can ameliorate the deterioration in renal function associated with ARF. Using transgenic mice with diminished levels of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein, survivin, we show that survivin is required to protect the kidney from apoptosis, to suppress renal expression of p53, and to ameliorate renal dysfunction in two models of ARF. Gene delivery of survivin to wild-type mice and mice with 50% levels of survivin, prior to or at the time of induction of ARF, interferes with the deterioration of renal function and preserves the integrity of the kidneys and the renal tubular cells by inhibiting activation of apoptotic pathways in the kidneys and suppressing expression of p53. These results encourage further evaluation of survivin, its active structural domains, and other inhibitors of apoptosis proteins, for preventing and/or treating acute renal failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nele Kindt
- Center for Transgene Technology and Gene Therapy, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Dursun B, He Z, Somerset H, Oh DJ, Faubel S, Edelstein CL. Caspases and calpain are independent mediators of cisplatin-induced endothelial cell necrosis. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2006; 291:F578-87. [PMID: 16622172 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00455.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of caspases and calpain in cisplatin-induced endothelial cell death is unknown. Thus we investigated whether caspases and calpain are mediators of cisplatin-induced apoptosis and necrosis in endothelial cells. Cultured pancreatic microvascular endothelial (MS1) cells were exposed to 10 and 50 microM cisplatin. Apoptosis or necrosis was determined by Hoechst 33342 and propidium iodide (PI) nuclear staining. Cells treated with 10 microM cisplatin had normal ATP levels, increased caspase-3-like activity, excluded PI and demonstrated morphological characteristics of apoptosis at 24 h. Cells treated with 50 microM cisplatin had severe ATP depletion, increased caspase-3-like activity, and displayed extensive PI staining indicative of necrosis at 24 h. There was a dose-dependent increase in caspase-2-like activity and Smac/DIABLO protein. Calpain activity increased significantly with 50 microM, but not 10 microM cisplatin at 24 h. With 50 microM cisplatin, ATP levels were significantly reduced starting at 18 h, caspase-2- and caspase-3-like activities were significantly increased starting at 18 h, and LDH release started at 8 h with maximum increase at 18-24 h. Calpain activity was not increased before 24 h. The increase in LDH release and the nuclear PI staining with 50 microM cisplatin at 24 h was reduced by either the pancaspase inhibitor, Q-VD-OPH, or the calpain inhibitor, PD-150606. Calpain inhibitor had no effect on caspase-3-like activity. In conclusion, in cisplatin-treated endothelial cells, caspases, the major mediators of apoptosis, can also cause necrosis. A calpain inhibitor protects against necrosis without affecting caspase-3-like activity suggesting that calpain-mediated necrosis is independent of caspase-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belda Dursun
- University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Department of Medicine, Denver, CO 80262, USA
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Deng CL, Song XW, Liang HJ, Feng C, Sheng YJ, Wang MY. Chronic hepatitis B serum promotes apoptotic damage in human renal tubular cells. World J Gastroenterol 2006; 12:1752-6. [PMID: 16586546 PMCID: PMC4124352 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v12.i11.1752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the effect of the serum of patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) on apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells in vitro and to study the role of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in the pathogenesis of hepatitis B virus associated glomerulonephritis (HBV-GN).
METHODS: The levels of serum TGF-β1 were measured by specific enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and HBV DNA was tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 44 patients with CHB ,and 20 healthy persons as the control. The normal human kidney proximal tubular cell (HK-2) was cultured together with the sera of healthy persons, CHB patients with HBV-DNA negative(20 cases) and HBV-DNA positive (24 cases) for up to 72 h. Apoptosis and Fas expression of the HK-2 were detected by flow cytometer.
RESULTS: The apoptosis rate and Fas expression of HK-2 cells were significantly higher in HBV DNA positive serum group 19.01±5.85% and 17.58±8.35%, HBV DNA negative serum group 8.12±2.80% and 6.96 ± 2.76% than those in control group 4.25±0.65% and 2.33 ±1.09%, respectively (P < 0.01). The apoptosis rate and Fas expression of HK-2 in HBV DNA positive serum group was significantly higher than those in HBV DNA negative serum (P < 0.01). Apoptosis rate of HK-2 cells in HBV DNA positive serum group was positively correlated with the level of HBV-DNA (r = 0.657). The level of serum TGF-β1 in CHB group was 163.05 ± 91.35 µg/L, significantly higher as compared with 81.40 ± 40.75 µg/L in the control group (P < 0.01).
CONCLUSION: The serum of patients with chronic hepatitis B promotes apoptotic damage in human renal tubular cells by triggering a pathway of Fas up-regulation. HBV and TGF-β1 may play important roles in the mechanism of hepatitis B virus associated glomerulonephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cun-Liang Deng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China.
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Wu SH, Lu C, Dong L, Zhou GP, He ZG, Chen ZQ. High dose of lipoxin A4 induces apoptosis in rat renal interstitial fibroblasts. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2005; 73:127-37. [PMID: 15936930 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2005.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2004] [Revised: 02/10/2005] [Accepted: 02/23/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Studies have implicated that lipoxinA4 (LXA4) inhibited nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), Akt/PKB and PI 3-kinase activity and proliferation of glomerular mesangial cells. It is speculated that LXA4 might serve as pro-apoptotic factor. Rat renal interstitial fibroblasts (NRK-49F cells) were exposed to LXA4 in 5% FCS for 24 h. LXA4 at 0.1 and 1 microM induced 9.83% and 33.82% apoptosis of the cells, respectively, upregulated the expression of calpain 10 and Smac, the levels of [Ca2+]i and activity of caspase-3, and downregulated the activity of STAT3 and threonine phosphorylated Akt1. Transfection of calpain 10 or Smac antisense oligodeoxynucleotide into the cells inhibited the LXA4-induced apoptosis, activity of caspase-3. Pretreatment of the cells with calcium inhibitor SK&F96365 inhibited the LXA4-induced apoptosis, levels of [Ca2+]i, expression of calpain 10 and Smac. In conclusion, LXA4 at high concentrations induced apoptosis of renal interstitial fibroblasts via [Ca2+]i-dependent upregulation of calpain 10 and Smac expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Hua Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Central Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, People's Republic of China.
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Kaushal GP, Liu L, Kaushal V, Hong X, Melnyk O, Seth R, Safirstein R, Shah SV. Regulation of caspase-3 and -9 activation in oxidant stress to RTE by forkhead transcription factors, Bcl-2 proteins, and MAP kinases. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2004; 287:F1258-68. [PMID: 15304372 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00391.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxicity to renal tubular epithelial cells (RTE) is dependent on the relative response of cell survival and cell death signals triggered by the injury. Forkhead transcription factors, Bcl-2 family member Bad, and mitogen-activated protein kinases are regulated by phosphorylation that plays crucial roles in determining cell fate. We examined the role of phosphorylation of these proteins in regulation of H2O2-induced caspase activation in RTE. The phosphorylation of FKHR, FKHRL, and Bcl-2 family member Bad was markedly increased in response to oxidant injury, and this increase was associated with elevated levels of basal phosphorylation of Akt/protein kinase B. Phosphoinositol (PI) 3-kinase inhibitors abolished this phosphorylation and also decreased expression of antiapoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and BclxL. Inhibition of phosphorylation of forkhead proteins resulted in a marked increase in the proapoptotic protein Bim. These downstream effects of PI 3-kinase inhibition promoted the oxidant-induced activation of caspase-3 and -9, but not caspase-8 and -1. The impact of enhanced activation of caspases by PI 3-kinase inhibition was reflected on accelerated oxidant-induced cell death. Oxidant stress also induced marked phosphorylation of ERK1/2, P38, and JNK kinases. Inhibition of ERK1/2 phosphorylation but not P38 and JNK kinase increased caspase-3 and -9 activation; however, this activation was far less than induced by inhibition of Akt phosphorylation. Thus the Akt-mediated phosphorylation pathway, ERK signaling, and the antiapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins distinctly regulate caspase activation during oxidant injury to RTE. These studies suggest that enhancing renal-specific survival signals may lead to preservation of renal function during oxidant injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gur P Kaushal
- Department of Medicine, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Slot 501, 4301 W. Markham St., Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
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Chatterjee PK, Todorovic Z, Sivarajah A, Mota-Filipe H, Brown PAJ, Stewart KN, Cuzzocrea S, Thiemermann C. Differential effects of caspase inhibitors on the renal dysfunction and injury caused by ischemia–reperfusion of the rat kidney. Eur J Pharmacol 2004; 503:173-83. [PMID: 15496312 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2004.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2004] [Revised: 09/03/2004] [Accepted: 09/07/2004] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Caspase activation has been implicated in the development of ischemia-reperfusion injury. Here, we investigate the effects of different caspase inhibitors on the renal dysfunction and injury caused by ischemia-reperfusion of the rat kidney. Bilateral clamping of renal pedicles (45 min) followed by reperfusion (6 h) caused significant renal dysfunction and marked renal injury. Caspase-1 inhibitor II (N-acetyl-L-tyrosyl-L-valyl-N-[(1S)-1-(carboxymethyl)-3-chloro-2-oxo-propyl]-L-alaninamide, Ac-YVAD-CMK, 3 mg/kg, administered i.p.) significantly reduced biochemical and histological evidence of renal dysfunction and injury. However, although caspase-3 inhibitor I (N-acetyl-L-aspartyl-L-glutamyl-N-(2-carboxyl-1-formylethyl]-L-valinamide, Ac-DEVD-CHO, 3 mg/kg, administered i.p.) produced a significant improvement of renal (glomerular) dysfunction (reduction of serum creatinine levels), it was not able to reduce tubular dysfunction and injury. Furthermore, the pan-caspase inhibitor caspase inhibitor III (N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-aspartyl(OMe)-fluoromethylketone, Boc-D-FMK, 3 mg/kg, administered i.p.) did not reduce renal dysfunction and injury. Both caspase-1 and -3 inhibitors markedly reduced the evidence of oxidative and nitrosative stress in rat kidneys subjected to ischemia-reperfusion. Overall, these results demonstrate that inhibition of caspase-1 reduces renal ischemia-reperfusion injury to a greater extent than caspase-3 inhibition, supporting the notion that the mode of acute cell death in our model of renal ischemia-reperfusion is primarily via necrosis. Furthermore, our finding that a pan-caspase inhibitor did not reduce the renal dysfunction and injury suggests that activation of some caspases during ischemia-reperfusion could provide protection against acute ischemic renal injury. Overall, these results demonstrate that inhibition of caspase-1 activity reduces renal ischemia-reperfusion injury and that this therapeutic strategy may be of benefit against ischemic acute renal failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabal K Chatterjee
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Nephrology and Critical Care, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary, University of London, UK.
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