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Obadi M, Xu B. Effect of processing methods and storage on the bioactive compounds of black rice ( Oryza sativa L.): a review. Food Funct 2023; 14:9100-9122. [PMID: 37766517 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo02977h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Compared to brown and white rice, black rice contains more nutrients and numerous unique bioactive substances, such as essential amino acids, dietary fiber, γ-oryzanols, γ-aminobutyric acid, phenolic compounds, and anthocyanins, which makes it highly valuable for development and use. Whole-grain black rice typically requires a certain amount of processing prior to consumption, with the primary goal of enhancing the taste and texture of whole grains and their products. However, various new processing technologies have been effectively applied to the processing of black rice and the enhancement of its qualitative characteristics, but they also have both positive and negative effects on its nutritional quality. Therefore, evaluation of changes in concentrations of the bioactive substances as natural antioxidants due to processing and storage conditions is critical for establishing dietary guidelines for rice. This review highlights the primary bioactive components of black rice and provides a discussion of the impact of processing methods and storage on the bioactive components of black rice. Furthermore, we summarized the issues that currently exist in the processing and storage of black rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Obadi
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China.
| | - Bin Xu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China.
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Pokkanta P, Yuenyong J, Mahatheeranont S, Jiamyangyuen S, Sookwong P. Microwave treatment of rice bran and its effect on phytochemical content and antioxidant activity. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7708. [PMID: 35546345 PMCID: PMC9095620 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11744-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
An alternative approach for rice bran stabilization is microwave treatment. However, the effects of the microwave treatment on the contents of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activities of the rice bran have rarely been reported in detail. In this study, microwave pretreatment (130-880 W for 0.5-5.0 min) of rice bran was proposed where the antioxidant activity, total flavonoids, and total phenolic contents were determined using UV-Vis spectrometry. Tocols, γ-oryzanols, squalene, phytosterols and phenolic compounds were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography. The results showed an increase in the antioxidant activity (0.5 folds), total phenolic contents (1.3 folds), total flavonoid contents (0.9 folds), total tocols (2.6 folds), total γ-oryzanols (1.6 folds), and total phytosterols (1.4 folds). Phytochemicals were enhanced, especially trans-p-coumaric acid (10.3 folds) and kaempferol (8.6 folds). The microwave treatment at 440 W for 2.5 min provided the best contents of the bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity. This work revealed the microwave treatment as a potential tool for stabilizing rice bran and increasing the usability of its phytochemicals, which applies to several industries concerning the use of rice bran as an ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piramon Pokkanta
- Rice and Cereal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.,PhD's Degree Program in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Jitkunya Yuenyong
- Rice and Cereal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Sugunya Mahatheeranont
- Rice and Cereal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.,Research Center On Chemistry for Development of Health Promoting Products From Northern Resources, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.,Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Sudarat Jiamyangyuen
- Rice and Bioactive Compound Analysis, Department of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
| | - Phumon Sookwong
- Rice and Cereal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand. .,Research Center On Chemistry for Development of Health Promoting Products From Northern Resources, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand. .,Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
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Tan XW, Kobayashi K, Shen L, Inagaki J, Ide M, Hwang SS, Matsuura E. Antioxidative attributes of rice bran extracts in ameliorative effects of atherosclerosis-associated risk factors. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05743. [PMID: 33376820 PMCID: PMC7758525 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and shear stress (physical effect) are risk factors associated with the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Rice bran, a by-product of rice milling process, is known to house polyphenols and vitamins which exhibit potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Through recent emerging knowledge of rice bran in health and wellness, the present study was aimed to assess the ameliorative effects of rice bran extracts (RBE) derived from Japanese colored rice varieties in modulating risk factors of atherosclerosis via in vitro and in vivo study models. Pre-treatment of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine J774A.1 macrophage-like cells with RBE alleviated nitric oxide (NO) overproduction and downregulated gene expressions of pro-inflammatory modulators: tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-α (IL-1α), IL-1β, IL-6, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). In addition, RBE also significantly attenuated LPS-stimulated protein expressions of iNOS, TNF-α, IL-1α, and IL-6 in J774A.1 macrophage-like cells as compared to non-treated LPS control group. In in vivo, 12 weeks of RBE dietary supplementations significantly reduced (p < 0.05) total cholesterol, triglycerides, and pro-atherogenic oxidized LDL/β2-glycoprotein I (oxLDL/β2GPI) complexes at plasma levels, in high fat diet (HFD) induced low density lipoprotein receptor knockout (Ldlr−/-) mice. En face pathological assessments of murine aortas also revealed significant reductions by 38% (p < 0.05) in plaque sizes of RBE-supplemented HFD mice groups as compared to non RBE-supplemented HFD control mice group. Moreover, gene expressions of aortic (iNOS, TNF-α, IL-1β) and hepatic (TNF-α, IL-1α, IL-1β) pro-inflammatory modulators were also downregulated in RBE-supplemented mice groups. Present study has revealed the potent health attributes and application of RBE as a dietary supplement to attenuate risks of inadvertent oxidative damage and chronic inflammation underlying the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Intrinsically, present preliminary findings may provide global health prospects for future dietary implementation of RBE in management of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Wen Tan
- Department of Cell Chemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kazuko Kobayashi
- Collaborative Research Center for OMIC, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Lianhua Shen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Junko Inagaki
- Department of Cell Chemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ide
- Department of Cell Chemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.,Food Function Research Team, Saito Laboratories, Japan Food Research Laboratories, Osaka, Japan
| | - Siaw San Hwang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Science, Faculty of Engineering, Computing and Science, Swinburne University of Technology Sarawak Campus, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Eiji Matsuura
- Department of Cell Chemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.,Collaborative Research Center for OMIC, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.,Neutron Therapy Research Center, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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Kopeć A, Zawistowski J, Kitts DD. Benefits of Anthocyanin-Rich Black Rice Fraction and Wood Sterols to Control Plasma and Tissue Lipid Concentrations in Wistar Kyoto Rats Fed an Atherogenic Diet. Molecules 2020; 25:E5363. [PMID: 33212852 PMCID: PMC7698440 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: This study reports on the relative effects of administrating a cyanidin-3-O-glucoside-rich black rice fraction (BRF), a standardized wood sterol mixture (WS), and a combination of both to lower plasma and target tissue lipid concentrations in Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats fed atherogenic diets. Methods: Male WKY (n = 40) rats were randomly divided into five groups, which included a nonatherogenic control diet and atherogenic diets that included a positive control and atherogenic diets supplemented with BRF or WS, respectively, and a combination of both BRF + WS. Plasma and target tissue liver, heart and aorta cholesterol, and triacylglycerides (TAG) content were also measured. Results: Rats fed atherogenic diets exhibited elevated hyperlipidemia compared to counterparts fed nonatherogenic diets (p < 0.001); this effect was mitigated by supplementing the atherogenic diets with BRF and WS, respectively (p < 0.05). Combining BRF with WS to enrich the supplement lowered cholesterol similar to the WS effect (p < 0.05) and lowered TAG characteristic to the BRF effect (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Rats fed diets containing BRF or WS effectively mitigate the hypercholesterolemia and elevated TAG induced by feeding an atherogenic diet. The benefit of adding BRF + WS together is relevant to the lipid parameter measured and is target tissue-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Kopeć
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Balicka 122, 31-149 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Jerzy Zawistowski
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia 209-2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;
| | - David D. Kitts
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia 209-2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;
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Mir NA, Tyagi PK, Biswas AK, Tyagi PK, Mandal AB, Kumar F, Sharma D, Biswas A, Verma AK. Inclusion of Flaxseed, Broken Rice, and Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles (DDGS) in Broiler Chicken Ration Alters the Fatty Acid Profile, Oxidative Stability, and Other Functional Properties of Meat. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201700470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nasir Akbar Mir
- Central Avian Research Institute; Izatnagar Bareilly 243122 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Praveen K. Tyagi
- Central Avian Research Institute; Izatnagar Bareilly 243122 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Ashim K. Biswas
- Central Avian Research Institute; Izatnagar Bareilly 243122 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Pramod K. Tyagi
- Central Avian Research Institute; Izatnagar Bareilly 243122 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - A. B. Mandal
- Central Avian Research Institute; Izatnagar Bareilly 243122 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Faneshwar Kumar
- Central Avian Research Institute; Izatnagar Bareilly 243122 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Divya Sharma
- Central Avian Research Institute; Izatnagar Bareilly 243122 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Avishek Biswas
- Central Avian Research Institute; Izatnagar Bareilly 243122 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Arun K. Verma
- Central Institute for Research on Goats; Makhdoom 281122 Uttar Pradesh India
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Özkaya B, Baumgartner B, Özkaya H. Effects of concentrated and dephytinized wheat bran and rice bran addition on bread properties. J Texture Stud 2017; 49:84-93. [PMID: 28742221 DOI: 10.1111/jtxs.12286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Wheat bran and rice bran were concentrated in terms of dietary fiber and were dephytinized by two different methods (fermentation and hydrothermal). Untreated, concentrated, concentrated-dephytinized by fermentation method, and concentrated-dephytinized by hydrothermal method bran samples were each incorporated into flour at levels of 0, 10, 15, and 20%, and their effects on bread properties were investigated. Unprocessed wheat bran and rice bran addition decreased the volume yield, and the specific volume of the bread depends on the incorporation level. A further decrease was observed with the addition of concentrated bran. However, the dephytinization treatments slightly improved these values. The same pattern was observed for the total number of cells and the total cell area of bread crumbs. Both wheat bran and rice bran were observed to cause a darker crumb color, and the effects of bran samples on crumb color were more pronounced after the dephytinization treatment. The addition of concentrated wheat bran and rice bran significantly increased hardness, as well as decreasing springiness, cohesiveness, and resilience of the bread, depending on the bran levels. Although dephytinization treatments enhanced the textural properties of bread, these results were still inferior to those obtained using bread produced with untreated bran. Regarding the dephytinization treatments, the influence of fermentation treatment on bread properties was slightly beneficial compared to hydrothermal treatment. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Consumption of dietary fiber offers a range of health benefits. Cereal bran has great potential as a dietary fiber source. However, this bran's high phytic acid content and adverse effects on bread quality limit that potential. It is possible to obtain high dietary fiber and low phytic acid bran samples through bran concentration and dephytinization treatments. The dephytinization treatment is an effective method for degradation of phytic acid. The negative effects of wheat bran and rice bran on bread quality decreased significantly following the dephytinization treatments. This study demonstrated that fiber-enriched bread with low phytic acid content and acceptable texture can be produced using concentrated and dephytinized bran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berrin Özkaya
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Burcu Baumgartner
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hazım Özkaya
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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MIR NA, TYAGI PK, BISWAS AK, TYAGI PK, MANDAL AB, KUMAR F, DEO C, BISWAS A. Effect of feeding broken rice and distillers dried grains with solubles in a flaxseed-based diet on the growth performance, production efficiency, carcass characteristics, sensory evaluation of meat, and serum biochemistry of broiler chickens. TURKISH JOURNAL OF VETERINARY & ANIMAL SCIENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.3906/vet-1701-51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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8
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Munkong N, Hansakul P, Yoysungnoen B, Wongnoppavich A, Sireeratawong S, Kaendee N, Lerdvuthisopon N. Vasoprotective effects of rice bran water extract on rats fed with high-fat diet. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2016.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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9
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Tan XW, Bhave M, Fong AYY, Matsuura E, Kobayashi K, Shen LH, Hwang SS. Cytoprotective and Cytotoxic Effects of Rice Bran Extracts in Rat H9c2(2-1) Cardiomyocytes. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:6943053. [PMID: 27239253 PMCID: PMC4863109 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6943053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study was aimed at preliminarily assessing the cytoprotective and antioxidative effects of rice bran extracts (RBEs) from a Sarawak local rice variety (local name: "BJLN") and a commercial rice variety, "MR219," on oxidative stress in rat H9c2(2-1) cardiomyocytes. The cardiomyocytes were incubated with different concentrations of RBE and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), respectively, to identify their respective IC50 values and safe dose ranges. Two nonlethal and close-to-IC50 doses of RBE were selected to evaluate their respective effects on H2O2 induced oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes. Both RBEs showed dose-dependent cytotoxicity effects on cardiomyocytes. H2O2 induction of cardiomyocytes pretreated with RBE further revealed the dose-dependent cytoprotective and antioxidative effects of RBE via an increase in IC50 values of H2O2. Preliminary analyses of induction effects of RBE and H2O2 on cellular antioxidant enzyme, catalase (CAT), also revealed their potential in regulating these activities and expression profile of related gene on oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes. Pretreated cardiomyocytes significantly upregulated the enzymatic activity and expression level of CAT under the exposure of H2O2 induced oxidative stress. This preliminary study has demonstrated the potential antioxidant effects of RBE in alleviating H2O2-mediated oxidative injuries via upregulation in enzymatic activities and expression levels of CAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Wen Tan
- Faculty of Engineering, Computing and Science, Swinburne University of Technology Sarawak Campus, Jalan Simpang Tiga, 93350 Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia
- Swinburne Sarawak Research Centre for Sustainable Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology Sarawak Campus, Jalan Simpang Tiga, 93350 Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Mrinal Bhave
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Alan Yean Yip Fong
- Sarawak General Hospital Heart Centre, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
- Clinical Research Centre, Sarawak General Hospital, Jalan Hospital, 93586 Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Eiji Matsuura
- Collaborative Research Center (OMIC), Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
- Department of Cell Chemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Kazuko Kobayashi
- Collaborative Research Center (OMIC), Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
- Department of Cell Chemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Lian Hua Shen
- Collaborative Research Center (OMIC), Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
- Department of Cell Chemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Siaw San Hwang
- Faculty of Engineering, Computing and Science, Swinburne University of Technology Sarawak Campus, Jalan Simpang Tiga, 93350 Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia
- Swinburne Sarawak Research Centre for Sustainable Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology Sarawak Campus, Jalan Simpang Tiga, 93350 Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia
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Burlando B, Cornara L. Therapeutic properties of rice constituents and derivatives (Oryza sativa L.): A review update. Trends Food Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Tan BL, Esa NM, Rahman HS, Hamzah H, Karim R. Brewers' rice induces apoptosis in azoxymethane-induced colon carcinogenesis in rats via suppression of cell proliferation and the Wnt signaling pathway. Altern Ther Health Med 2014; 14:304. [PMID: 25129221 PMCID: PMC4147160 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Brewers’ rice is locally known as temukut, is a byproduct of the rice milling process, and consists of broken rice, rice bran, and rice germ. Unlike rice bran, the health benefit of brewers’ rice has yet to be fully studied. Our present study aimed to identify the chemopreventive potential of brewers’ rice with colonic tumor formation and to examine further the mechanistic action of brewers’ rice during colon carcinogenesis. Methods Male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups: (G1) normal; (G2) azoxymethane (AOM) alone; and (G3), (G4), and (G5), which were AOM fed with 10%, 20%, and 40% (w/w) of brewers’ rice, respectively. Rats in group 2 to 5 were injected intraperitoneally with AOM (15 mg/kg body weight) once weekly for two weeks. Colon tumor incidence and multiplicity was assessed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. The expression of β-catenin, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and Ki-67 was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining. The apoptosis-inducing activity was analyzed using a TUNEL assay. The data were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with P-value<0.05 was considered significant. Results Overall analyses revealed that brewers’ rice reduced colon tumor incidence and multiplicity. The results from immunohistochemistry analysis also showed that brewers’ rice decreased the expression of β-catenin, COX-2, and Ki-67 in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, TUNEL analysis demonstrated that administration of brewers’ rice in AOM-induced rat colorectal cancer resulted in a dose-dependent increase in cell apoptosis. Conclusions Taken together, our data suggested that brewers’ rice can inhibit cell proliferation, induce apoptosis, and suppress COX-2 and β-catenin expression via the Wnt signaling pathway and holds great promise in the field of chemoprevention as a dietary agent.
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Pascual CDSCI, Massaretto IL, Kawassaki F, Barros RMC, Noldin JA, Marquez UML. Effects of parboiling, storage and cooking on the levels of tocopherols, tocotrienols and γ-oryzanol in brown rice (Oryza sativa L.). Food Res Int 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2011.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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13
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Andersson KE, Hellstrand P. Dietary oats and modulation of atherogenic pathways. Mol Nutr Food Res 2012; 56:1003-13. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201100706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2011] [Revised: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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14
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Andersson KE, Hellstrand P. Dietary oats and modulation of atherogenic pathways. Mol Nutr Food Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.1736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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15
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Kang MY, Kim SM, Rico CW, Lee SC. Hypolipidemic and antioxidative effects of rice bran and phytic acid in high fat-fed mice. Food Sci Biotechnol 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-012-0015-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Shih FF. An Update on the Use of Co-products from the Milling of Rice in Value-Added Food Products. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-011-1941-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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17
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Huang SH, Ng LT. Quantification of tocopherols, tocotrienols, and γ-oryzanol contents and their distribution in some commercial rice varieties in Taiwan. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:11150-11159. [PMID: 21942383 DOI: 10.1021/jf202884p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The eight vitamin E isomers [α-, β-, γ-, and δ-tocopherols (T) and α-, β-, γ-, and δ-tocotrienols (T3)] and γ-oryzanol are known to possess diverse biological activities. This study examined the contents of these compounds and their distribution in 16 commercial rice varieties in Taiwan. Results showed that the order of vitamin E, total T, total T3, and γ-oryzanol contents was rice bran > brown rice > rice husk > polished rice. γ-T3 was the highest vitamin E isomer present in all rice samples, while β-T, β-T3, δ-T, and δ-T3 were present in trace amounts. The Japonica varieties contained a higher total T, total T3, and γ-oryzanol than the Indica varieties. They also have a higher level of α-T and α-T3 but a lower level of γ-T and γ-T3 than the Indica varieties. However, no obvious difference in total T, total T3, and γ-oryzanol content was noted between black- and red-colored rice varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Hua Huang
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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18
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Shih F, Daigle K, Champagne E. Effect of rice wax on water vapour permeability and sorption properties of edible pullulan films. Food Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.12.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Laokuldilok T, Shoemaker CF, Jongkaewwattana S, Tulyathan V. Antioxidants and antioxidant activity of several pigmented rice brans. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:193-199. [PMID: 21141962 DOI: 10.1021/jf103649q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the antioxidant content and activity of phenolic acids, anthocyanins, α-tocopherol and γ-oryzanol in pigmented rice (black and red rice) brans. After methanolic extraction, the DPPH free radical scavenging activity and antioxidant activity were measured. The pigmented rice bran extract had a greater reducing power than a normal rice bran extract from a long grain white rice. All bran extracts were highly effective in inhibiting linoleic acid peroxidation (60-85%). High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of antioxidants in rice bran found that γ-oryzanol (39-63%) and phenolic acids (33-43%) were the major antioxidants in all bran samples, and black rice bran also contained anthocyanins 18-26%. HPLC analysis of anthocyanins showed that pigmented bran was rich in cyanidin-3-glucoside (58-95%). Ferulic acid was the dominant phenolic acid in the rice bran samples. Black rice bran contained gallic, hydroxybenzoic, and protocatechuic acids in higher contents than red rice bran and normal rice bran. Furthermore, the addition of 5% black rice bran to wheat flour used for making bread produced a marked increase in the free radical scavenging and antioxidant activity compared to a control bread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thunnop Laokuldilok
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Faccin GL, Amante ER, Tramonte VLCG, Pinto MT, Wazlawik E. Effect of Ingestion of Rice Bran Drink in Rats Subjected to Forced Swimming and Elevated Plus Maze Tests. J Med Food 2011; 14:156-60. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2009.0180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gerson Luis Faccin
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Edna Regina Amante
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Márcia Teixeira Pinto
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Elisabeth Wazlawik
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Andersson K, Svedberg K, Lindholm M, Öste R, Hellstrand P. Oats (Avena sativa) reduce atherogenesis in LDL-receptor-deficient mice. Atherosclerosis 2010; 212:93-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2010.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2009] [Revised: 03/26/2010] [Accepted: 05/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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de Mira NVM, Massaretto IL, Pascual CDSCI, Lanfer Marquez UM. Comparative study of phenolic compounds in different Brazilian rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes. J Food Compost Anal 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2008.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Revilla E, Maria CS, Miramontes E, Bautista J, García-Martínez A, Cremades O, Cert R, Parrado J. Nutraceutical composition, antioxidant activity and hypocholesterolemic effect of a water-soluble enzymatic extract from rice bran. Food Res Int 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2009.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Zawistowski J, Kopec A, Kitts DD. Effects of a black rice extract (Oryza sativa L. indica) on cholesterol levels and plasma lipid parameters in Wistar Kyoto rats. J Funct Foods 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2008.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Heinemann RJB, Xu Z, Godber JS, Lanfer-Marquez UM. Tocopherols, Tocotrienols, and γ-Oryzanol Contents inJaponicaandIndicaSubspecies of Rice (Oryza sativaL.) Cultivated in Brazil. Cereal Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1094/cchem-85-2-0243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Riana J. B. Heinemann
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo. Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, São Paulo, SP, Brazil 05508-900
| | - Zhimin Xu
- Department of Food Science, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
| | - J. Samuel Godber
- Department of Food Science, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
| | - Ursula M. Lanfer-Marquez
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo. Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, São Paulo, SP, Brazil 05508-900
- Corresponding author. E-mail:
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Britz SJ, Prasad PVV, Moreau RA, Allen LH, Kremer DF, Boote KJ. Influence of growth temperature on the amounts of tocopherols, tocotrienols, and gamma-oryzanol in brown rice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2007; 55:7559-65. [PMID: 17725318 DOI: 10.1021/jf0637729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Brown rice is a valuable source of lipid-soluble antioxidants including ferulated phytosterols (i.e., gamma-oryzanol), tocopherols, and tocotrienols. To evaluate the impact of temperature on the accumulation of these compounds, seeds from six different rice lines grown to maturity in replicate greenhouses in Gainesville, FL, were analyzed. The lines represented Oryza sativa indica, O. sativa japonica, and Oryza glaberrima of different origins. Temperatures were maintained near ambient at one end of each greenhouse and at approximately 4.5 degrees C above ambient at the other end. gamma-Oryzanols, tocopherols, and tocotrienols were extracted from whole seed (i.e., brown rice) and analyzed by HPLC. Tocotrienols and tocopherols varied widely between lines but changed only slightly with respect to temperature. In general, the proportions of alpha-tocotrienol and/or alpha-tocopherol increased at elevated temperature, whereas gamma-tocopherol and gamma-tocotrienol decreased. Six gamma-oryzanol peaks, identified on the basis of absorbance maxima at 330 nm and HPLC-mass spectrometry, were quantified. The most abundant component was 24-methylenecycloartanyl ferulate, present at 40-62% of total. Its levels increased 35-57% at elevated temperature in five of six lines, accounting for most of the change in total gamma-oryzanol. The results suggest that the physiological action of individual ferulated phytosterols should be investigated because their relative proportions in gamma-oryzanol can change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Britz
- Phytonutrients Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA.
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Lee JH, Yu F, Vu PL, Choi MS, Akoh CC, Lee KT. Compositional Study on Rice Bran Oil after Lipase-Catalyzed Glycerolysis and Solvent Fractionations. J Food Sci 2007; 72:C163-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2007.00299.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Cravotto G, Binello A, Merizzi G, Avogadro M. Improving solvent-free extraction of policosanol from rice bran by high-intensity ultrasound treatment. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.200300914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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