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Huang X, Wen Y, Chen Y, Liu Y, Zhao C. Structural characterization of Euglena gracilis polysaccharide and its in vitro hypoglycemic effects by alleviating insulin resistance. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 236:123984. [PMID: 36906209 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus, characterized by hyperglycemia and insulin resistance, is a disorder of the endocrine metabolic system which has emerged as a common chronic disease worldwide. Euglena gracilis polysaccharides have ideal development potential in the treatment of diabetes. However, their structure and bioactivity are largely unclear. A novel purified water-soluble polysaccharide (EGP-2A-2A) from E. gracilis with a molecular weight of 130.8 kDa consisted of xylose, rhamnose, galactose, fucose, glucose, arabinose, and glucosamine hydrochloride. The SEM image for EGP-2A-2A suggested a rough surface with the presence of globule-like protrusions. Methylation and NMR spectral analyses revealed that EGP-2A-2A was mainly composed of →6)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 2)-α-D-Glcp-(1 → 2)-α-L-Rhap-(1 → 3)-α-L-Araf-(1 → 6)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 3)-α-D-Araf-(1 → 3)-α-L-Rhap-(1 → 4)-β-D-Xylp-(1 → 6)-β-D-Galp-(1 → with complex branching structure. EGP-2A-2A significantly increased glucose consumption and glycogen content in IR-HeoG2 cells and modulates glucose metabolism disorders by regulating PI3K, AKT, and GLUT4 signaling pathways. EGP-2A-2A significantly suppressed TC, TG, and LDL-c levels, and enhanced that of HDL-c. EGP-2A-2A ameliorated abnormalities caused by disorders of glucose metabolism and the hypoglycemic activity of EGP-2A-2A may be mainly positively related to its high glucose content and the β-configuration in the main chain. These results suggested that EGP-2A-2A played an important role in alleviating disorders of glucose metabolism through insulin resistance and has the potential for development as a novel functional food with nutritional and health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhou Huang
- College of Oceanology and Food Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou 362000, China; Fujian Province Key Laboratory for the Development of Bioactive Material from Marine Algae, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou 362000, China
| | - Yuxi Wen
- College of Oceanology and Food Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou 362000, China; College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universidade de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Yihan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Chao Zhao
- College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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Kottuparambil S, Thankamony RL, Agusti S. Euglena as a potential natural source of value-added metabolites. A review. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2018.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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3
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Silva AZ, Costa FP, Souza IL, Ribeiro MC, Giordani MA, Queiroz DA, Luvizotto RA, Nascimento AF, Bomfim GF, Sugizaki MM, Dekker RF, Barbosa-Dekker AM, Queiroz EA. Botryosphaeran reduces obesity, hepatic steatosis, dyslipidaemia, insulin resistance and glucose intolerance in diet-induced obese rats. Life Sci 2018; 211:147-156. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Badea A, Carter A, Legge WG, Swallow K, Johnston SP, Izydorczyk MS. Tocols and oil content in whole grain, brewer's spent grain, and pearling fractions of malting, feed, and food barley genotypes. Cereal Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cche.10093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Badea
- Brandon Research and Development Centre; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; Brandon MB Canada
| | - Adam Carter
- Brandon Research and Development Centre; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; Brandon MB Canada
| | - William G. Legge
- Brandon Research and Development Centre; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; Brandon MB Canada
| | - Kevin Swallow
- Food Processing Development Centre; Alberta Agriculture and Forestry; Leduc AB Canada
| | - Stuart P. Johnston
- Food Processing Development Centre; Alberta Agriculture and Forestry; Leduc AB Canada
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Gangopadhyay N, Harrison SM, Brunton NP, Hidalgo-Ruiz JL, Gallagher E, Rai DK. Brans of the roller-milled barley fractions rich in polyphenols and health-promoting lipophilic molecules. J Cereal Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2018.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Sun A, Hasan MT, Hobba G, Nevalainen H, Te'o J. Comparative assessment of the Euglena gracilis var. saccharophila variant strain as a producer of the β-1,3-glucan paramylon under varying light conditions. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2018; 54:529-538. [PMID: 29889303 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Euglena gracilis Z and a "sugar loving" variant strain E. gracilis var. saccharophila were investigated as producers of paramylon, a β-1,3-glucan polysaccharide with potential medicinal and industrial applications. The strains were grown under diurnal or dark growth conditions on a glucose-yeast extract medium supporting high-level paramylon production. Both strains produced the highest paramylon yields (7.4-8 g · L-1 , respectively) while grown in the dark, but the maximum yield was achieved faster by E. gracilis var. saccharophila (48 h vs. 72 h). The glucose-to-paramylon yield coefficient Ypar/glu = 0.46 ± 0.03 in the E. gracilis var. saccharophila cultivation, obtained in this study, is the highest reported to date. Proteomic analysis of the metabolic pathways provided molecular clues for the strain behavior observed during cultivation. For example, overexpression of enzymes in the gluconeogenesis/glycolysis pathways including fructokinase-1 and chloroplastic fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBP) may have contributed to the faster rate of paramylon accumulation in E. gracilis var. saccharophila. Differentially expressed proteins in the early steps of chloroplastogenesis pathway including plastid uroporphyrinogen decarboxylases, photoreceptors, and a highly abundant (68-fold increase) plastid transketolase may have provided the E. gracilis var. saccharophila strain an advantage in paramylon production during diurnal cultivations. In conclusion, the variant strain E. gracilis var. saccharophila seems to be well suited for producing large amounts of paramylon. This work has also resulted in the identification of molecular targets for future improvement of paramylon production in E. gracilis, including the FBP and phosophofructokinase 1, the latter being a key regulator of glycolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Sun
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Biomolecular Discovery and Design Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mafruha Tasnin Hasan
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Biomolecular Discovery and Design Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Graham Hobba
- Agritechnology Pty Ltd, Borenore, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Helena Nevalainen
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Biomolecular Discovery and Design Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Junior Te'o
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Biomolecular Discovery and Design Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Earth, Environmental and Biological Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Abstract
Immunosuppression caused by parasitic infections represents the foremost way by which the parasites overcome or escape the host’s immune response. Glucan is a well-established natural immunomodulator with the ability to significantly improve immune system, from innate immunity to both branches of specific immunity. Our review is focused on the possible role of glucan’s action in antiparasite therapies and vaccine strategies. We concluded that the established action of glucan opens a new window in treatment and protection against parasitic infections.
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Bioactive phytochemicals in barley. J Food Drug Anal 2017; 25:148-161. [PMID: 28911532 PMCID: PMC9333424 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that regular consumption of whole grain barley reduces the risk of developing chronic diseases. The presence of barley fiber, especially β-glucan in whole grain barley, has been largely credited for these health benefits. However, it is now widely believed that the actions of the fiber component alone do not explain the observed health benefits associated with the consumption of whole grain barley. Whole grain barley also contains phytochemicals including phenolic acids, flavonoids, lignans, tocols, phytosterols, and folate. These phytochemicals exhibit strong anti-oxidant, antiproliferative, and cholesterol lowering abilities, which are potentially useful in lowering the risk of certain diseases. Therefore, the high concentration of phytochemicals in barley may be largely responsible for its health benefits. This paper reviews available information regarding barley phytochemicals and their potential to combat common nutrition-related diseases including cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and obesity.
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Zeng M, Hao W, Zou Y, Shi M, Jiang Y, Xiao P, Lei A, Hu Z, Zhang W, Zhao L, Wang J. Fatty acid and metabolomic profiling approaches differentiate heterotrophic and mixotrophic culture conditions in a microalgal food supplement 'Euglena'. BMC Biotechnol 2016; 16:49. [PMID: 27255274 PMCID: PMC4890288 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-016-0279-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microalgae have been recognized as a good food source of natural biologically active ingredients. Among them, the green microalga Euglena is a very promising food and nutritional supplements, providing high value-added poly-unsaturated fatty acids, paramylon and proteins. Different culture conditions could affect the chemical composition and food quality of microalgal cells. However, little information is available for distinguishing the different cellular changes especially the active ingredients including poly-saturated fatty acids and other metabolites under different culture conditions, such as light and dark. RESULTS In this study, together with fatty acid profiling, we applied a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-based metabolomics to differentiate hetrotrophic and mixotrophic culture conditions. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests metabolomics can shed light on understanding metabolomic changes under different culture conditions and provides a theoretical basis for industrial applications of microalgae, as food with better high-quality active ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zeng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenlong Hao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, People's Republic of China
- Nanshan District key lab for biopolymers and safety evaluation, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongdong Zou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengliang Shi
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongguang Jiang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Xiao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Anping Lei
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhangli Hu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwen Zhang
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqing Zhao
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jiangxin Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, People's Republic of China
- Nanshan District key lab for biopolymers and safety evaluation, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, People's Republic of China
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Prakash J, Naik HR, Hussain SZ, Singh B. Effect of processing conditions on the quality characteristics of barley chips. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2013; 52:294-302. [PMID: 25593370 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-013-0997-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to study the effect of lime concentration, frying temperature and frying time on quality characteristics of barley chips. Effect of salt concentration and packaging material on the quality and stability of the product was also studied during 180 days of storage under ambient conditions. An increase in fat content of chips was observed with the increase in lime concentration, frying temperature and time, whereas a decreasing trend was observed in moisture content of chips. An increase in amylose content of chips was observed during frying. However, it was found that the amylopectin in chips decreased during frying as frying temperature and time was increased. An increase in colour difference (ΔE) and crispness was noted in chips during frying as frying temperature and time increased. With the increase in lime concentration (0.5 and 1.0 %) both ΔE and break force of chips was found decreased. The results further revealed that there was gradual decrease in fat (%) and amylopectin (%) during storage, whereas moisture (%) and amylose (%) increased during storage period. Organoleptic evaluation of the product revealed that scores of colour, texture, flavour and over all acceptability decrease during storage. However the treatment (salt 2 % and aluminium based laminate) recorded better score with respect to colour, flavour, texture and overall acceptability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Prakash
- Department of Post Harvest Technology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Kashmir, Srinagar, 191121 Jammu and Kashmir India
| | - H R Naik
- Department of Post Harvest Technology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Kashmir, Srinagar, 191121 Jammu and Kashmir India
| | - Syed Zameer Hussain
- Department of Post Harvest Technology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Kashmir, Srinagar, 191121 Jammu and Kashmir India
| | - Baljit Singh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004 Punjab India
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Túrmina JA, Carraro E, Alves da Cunha MA, Dekker RFH, Barbosa AM, Seidel dos Santos F, Silva LA, Malfatti CRM. Toxicological assessment of β-(1-->6)-glucan (lasiodiplodan) in mice during a 28-day feeding study by gavage. Molecules 2012; 17:14298-309. [PMID: 23208465 PMCID: PMC6268985 DOI: 10.3390/molecules171214298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2012] [Revised: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies evaluating the toxicity caused by fungal exopolysaccharides of the β-(1-->6)-D-glucan type are rare. In this study, the toxicological effects of sub-chronic treatments with lasiodiplodan (β-(1-->6)-D-glucan from Lasiodiplodia theobromae MMPI) were evaluated in mice through the assessment of biochemical, hematological, and histopathological alterations. Thirty-two mice (16 male, 16 female) were used in this study divided in two groups; one group received lasiodiplodan (50 mg/kg body weight) daily for 28 days via gavage, and another (control group) received saline during the same period. Blood samples were collected via cardiac puncture for hematological and biochemical analyses. Liver, heart, kidney, and spleen were collected for histopathological analysis. Statistical analysis was performed through one-way analysis of variance and only p < 0.05 F-values were presented. Significant reduction in blood glucose in the male group (35%; p < 0.01), transaminases activity in both sexes (AST and ALT; ~35%; p < 0.05), and urea (20%; p < 0.01) in the female group was observed with the lasiodiplodan treatment. The results showed that sub-chronic treatments with lasiodiplodan did not generate hematological and histopathological alterations leading to signs of toxicity in healthy mice, independent of gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janaína A. Túrmina
- Pharmaceutical Science and Biodiversity Postgraduate Programs, Midwest State University, Campus CEDETEG, Guarapuava, PR, 85040-080, Brazil; E-Mails: (J.A.T.); (E.C.); (F.S.S.); (L.A.S.)
| | - Emerson Carraro
- Pharmaceutical Science and Biodiversity Postgraduate Programs, Midwest State University, Campus CEDETEG, Guarapuava, PR, 85040-080, Brazil; E-Mails: (J.A.T.); (E.C.); (F.S.S.); (L.A.S.)
| | - Mário A. Alves da Cunha
- Department of Chemistry, Federal Technological University of Parana, Pato Branco, PR, 85503-390, Brazil, E-Mail:
| | - Robert F. H. Dekker
- Biorefining Research Institute, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada; E-Mails: (R.F.H.D.); (A.M.B.)
| | - Aneli M. Barbosa
- Biorefining Research Institute, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada; E-Mails: (R.F.H.D.); (A.M.B.)
| | - Fábio Seidel dos Santos
- Pharmaceutical Science and Biodiversity Postgraduate Programs, Midwest State University, Campus CEDETEG, Guarapuava, PR, 85040-080, Brazil; E-Mails: (J.A.T.); (E.C.); (F.S.S.); (L.A.S.)
| | - Luiz A. Silva
- Pharmaceutical Science and Biodiversity Postgraduate Programs, Midwest State University, Campus CEDETEG, Guarapuava, PR, 85040-080, Brazil; E-Mails: (J.A.T.); (E.C.); (F.S.S.); (L.A.S.)
| | - Carlos R. M. Malfatti
- Pharmaceutical Science and Biodiversity Postgraduate Programs, Midwest State University, Campus CEDETEG, Guarapuava, PR, 85040-080, Brazil; E-Mails: (J.A.T.); (E.C.); (F.S.S.); (L.A.S.)
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Šantek B, Friehs K, Lotz M, Flaschel E. Production of paramylon, a β-1,3-glucan, by heterotrophic growth of Euglena gracilis on potato liquor in fed-batch and repeated-batch mode of cultivation. Eng Life Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201100025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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13
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Miranda-Nantes CCBO, Fonseca EAI, Zaia CTBV, Dekker RFH, Khaper N, Castro IA, Barbosa AM. Hypoglycemic and Hypocholesterolemic Effects of Botryosphaeran from Botryosphaeria rhodina MAMB-05 in Diabetes-Induced and Hyperlipidemia Conditions in Rats. MYCOBIOLOGY 2011; 39:187-193. [PMID: 22783102 PMCID: PMC3385115 DOI: 10.5941/myco.2011.39.3.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2011] [Accepted: 08/14/2011] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Botryosphaeran, a water-soluble exopolysaccharide of the β-(1 → 3;1 → 6)-D-glucan type that has been isolated from the culture medium of Botryosphaeria rhodina MAMB-05 grown in submerged fermentation using glucose as the sole carbon source, was previously demonstrated to be non-genotoxic in peripheral blood and bone marrow, and exhibited strong anticlastogenic activity. In the present study, the effects of botryosphaeran were investigated in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats as well as in high-fat diet-fed hyperlipidemic Wistar rats. The plasma glucose level was reduced by 52% in the diabetic group of rats after administration of 12 mg botryosphaeran/kg body weight of the rats (b.w.)/day by gavage over 15 days. A reduction in the median ration intake was accompanied by an increase in the median body weight gain, as well as the efficiency of food conversion. These results demonstrate that botryosphaeran has protective effects by reducing the symptoms of cachexia in Diabetes mellitus. Botryosphaeran administered by gavage at a concentration of 12 mg botryosphaeran/kg b.w./day over 15 days also reduced the plasma levels of total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol by 18% and 27%, respectively, in hyperlipidemic rats. Based on these findings, we conclude that botryosphaeran possesses hypoglycemic and hypocholesterolemic properties in conditions of diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia, respectively, and may be used as an oral anti-diabetic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina C B O Miranda-Nantes
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotecnology, CCE, State University of Londrina, P. O. Box 6001, Londrina 86051-990, PR, Brazil
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Moriartey S, Temelli F, Vasanthan T, Gänzle M. Viscosity and Solubility of β-Glucan Extracted Under In Vitro Conditions from Barley β-Glucan-Fortified Bread and Evaluation of Loaf Characteristics. Cereal Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1094/cchem-02-11-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Moriartey
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2P5
| | - Feral Temelli
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2P5
- Corresponding author. Phone: 780-492-3829. Fax: 780-492-8914. E-mail:
| | - Thava Vasanthan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2P5
| | - Michael Gänzle
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2P5
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Moriartey S, Temelli F, Vasanthan T. Effect of storage conditions on the solubility and viscosity of β-glucan extracted from bread under in vitro conditions. J Food Sci 2011; 76:C1-7. [PMID: 21535636 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2010.01920.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The viscosity and solubility of β-glucan in muffins have been shown to be reduced by certain storage conditions, though the effect of storage on bread fortified with barley β-glucan concentrate has not been investigated. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of storage temperature and time (23 °C for 1, 4, and 7 d, 4 °C for 4, 7, and 14 d, and -20 °C for 1, 2, 4, and 8 wk) on the solubility and viscosity of β-glucan upon incorporation into bread at levels corresponding to 0 or 1.5 g β-glucan/serving, with or without vital gluten addition. The firmness and moisture content of bread following each storage treatment were also evaluated. The highest moisture and lowest firmness values were found in fresh bread, though these parameters were still maintained at appreciable levels upon room temperature storage of the 1.5 g β-glucan/serving bread with added gluten and at either room temperature or frozen storage for the 1.5 g β-glucan/serving bread for 4 d. If it is desirable to store bread for 7 d or more, frozen storage should be utilized in order to best maintain bread moisture and firmness levels. It is recommended that β-glucan-fortified bread be consumed fresh for greatest β-glucan solubility and viscosity, though β-glucan solubility of approximately 40% is still achievable upon frozen storage of the bread for up to 2 wk. It is still unclear, however, as to what extent of reductions in the solubility and viscosity of β-glucan would lower its physiological effectiveness. PRACTICAL APPLICATION Previous research has demonstrated that solubility and thus viscosity of β-glucan, which is an important property associated with its health benefits can be impacted by different storage conditions applied to some bakery products, like muffins. This study demonstrates the extent of changes in the solubility and viscosity of β-glucan incorporated into bread. Therefore, storage time and temperature should be optimized to minimize changes in β-glucan for maintaining its efficacy for its health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Moriartey
- Dept. of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Univ. of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada
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Moriartey S, Temelli F, Vasanthan T. Effect of Formulation and Processing Treatments on Viscosity and Solubility of Extractable Barley β-Glucan in Bread Dough Evaluated Under In Vitro Conditions. Cereal Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1094/cchem-87-1-0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Moriartey
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2P5
| | - Feral Temelli
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2P5
- Corresponding author. Phone: 780-492-3829. Fax: 780-492-8914. E-mail address:
| | - Thava Vasanthan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2P5
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17
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Grain composition of Virginia winter barley and implications for use in feed, food, and biofuels production. J Cereal Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2009.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Vetvicka V, Vetvickova J. Effects of yeast-derived beta-glucans on blood cholesterol and macrophage functionality. J Immunotoxicol 2009; 6:30-5. [PMID: 19519160 DOI: 10.1080/15476910802604317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of two different yeast-derived beta-glucans on macrophage functionality and blood cholesterol levels in mice. After establishing their ability to act as a strong stimulator of macrophages, we measured the capacities of the glucans to lower blood cholesterol. Our results showed that consumption of diets containing yeast-derived beta-glucan indicated a dose-dependent decrease in plasma cholesterol levels, with Betamune having a significantly stronger effect than WGP (Whole Glucan Particles). In hypercholesterolemic subjects, the cholesterol- and triglycerides-lowering effects of Betamune were again significantly stronger. The results of this investigation demonstrated that highly purified yeast-derived beta-glucans modify plasma cholesterol levels and other indicators associated with artherogenic progression in mice. The fact that these glucans also strongly stimulated both monocytes and macrophages supports the hypothesis that there could be a macrophage-cholesterol (metabolism) axis involvement in these outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaclav Vetvicka
- University of Louisville, Department of Pathology, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA.
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Šantek B, Felski M, Friehs K, Lotz M, Flaschel E. Production of paramylon, a β-1,3-glucan, by heterotrophic cultivation ofEuglena gracilison a synthetic medium. Eng Life Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.200700032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Vetvicka V, Vetvickova J. Physiological effects of different types of beta-glucan. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2008; 151:225-31. [PMID: 18345255 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2007.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous types of glucans have been isolated from almost every species of yeast, grain, and fungi. These products have been extensively studied for their immunological and pharmacological effects. AIM In this paper we evaluated the possibility whether individual glucans will be similarly active against each of the tested biological properties or if each glucan will affect different reactions. METHODS Immunological effects of glucans were measured by evaluation of phagocytosis of HEMA particles by peripheral blood leukocytes and production of IL-2 by mouse splenocytes. Next we measured the effects of long-term treatment with glucan on levels of blood glucose and blood cholesterol. Four different glucans differing in origin (yeast, grain and mushroom) were used. RESULTS Our results showed that the same glucan, yeast-derived insoluble #300 glucan, stimulated phagocytosis of peripheral blood leukocytes, production of IL-2 by mouse splenocytes, lowered the cholesterol levels in mice with experimentally-induced cholesterolemia and lowered the level of blood sugar after induced hyperglycaemie. The remainder of tested glucans were only marginally active. CONCLUSION Taken together, our study showed that with respect to natural glucans, there is a yes-or-no effect suggesting that highly purified and highly active glucans will have pleiotropic impact, whereas poorly isolated and/or less active glucans will have only mediocre biological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaclav Vetvicka
- University of Louisville, Department of Pathology, Louisville, KY, USA.
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Moreau RA, Wayns KE, Flores RA, Hicks KB. Tocopherols and Tocotrienols in Barley Oil Prepared from Germ and Other Fractions from Scarification and Sieving of Hulless Barley. Cereal Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1094/cchem-84-6-0587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert A. Moreau
- Crop Conversion Science and Engineering Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the USDA
- Corresponding author. E-mail:
| | - Kevin E. Wayns
- Crop Conversion Science and Engineering Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the USDA
| | - Rolando A. Flores
- Food Science and Technology Department, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0919
| | - Kevin B. Hicks
- Crop Conversion Science and Engineering Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the USDA
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Temelli F, Bansema C, Stobbe K. Development of an Orange-flavored Barley β-Glucan Beverage with Added Whey Protein Isolate. J Food Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2004.tb13622.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Feral Temelli
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2P5
- Corresponding author. E-mail: Phone: 780-492-3829. Fax: 780-492-8914
| | - Craig Bansema
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2P5
| | - Kim Stobbe
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2P5
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Wheat Bread Quality as Influenced by the Substitution of Waxy and Regular Barley Flours in Their Native and Extruded Forms. J Cereal Sci 2002. [DOI: 10.1006/jcrs.2001.0458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- R. S. Bhatty
- Professor emeritus, Crop Development Centre, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8. Phone: 306/966-8380. Fax: 306/966-5015. E-mail:
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Rieckhoff D, Trautwein EA, Mälkki Y, Erbersdobler HF. Effects of Different Cereal Fibers on Cholesterol and Bile Acid Metabolism in the Syrian Golden Hamster. Cereal Chem 1999. [DOI: 10.1094/cchem.1999.76.5.788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dörte Rieckhoff
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
- Corresponding author. Phone: 0049-431-597-3672. Fax: 0049-431-597-3679. E-mail:
| | - Elke A. Trautwein
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
- Present address: Novartis Nutrition Research Unit, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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