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Petrus R, Kowaliński A, Utko J, Matuszak K, Lis T, Sobota P. Heterometallic 3d-4f Alkoxide Precursors for the Synthesis of Binary Oxide Nanomaterials. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:2197-2212. [PMID: 36696546 PMCID: PMC9906784 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a new method for the synthesis of heterometallic 3d-4f alkoxides by the direct reaction of metallic lanthanides (La, Pr, Nd, Gd) with MCl2 (M = Mn, Ni, Co) in 2-methoxyethanol was developed. The method was applied to the synthesis of the heterometallic oxo-alkoxide clusters [Ln4Mn2(μ6-O)(μ3-OR)8(HOR)xCl6] (Ln = La (1), Nd (2), Gd (3); x = 0, 2, 4); [Pr4M2(μ6-O)(μ3-OR)8(HOR)xCl6] (M = Co (4), Ni (5); x = 2, 4); and [Ln4Mn2(μ3-OH)2(μ3-OR)4(μ-OR)4(μ-Cl)2(HOR)4Cl6] (Ln = La (11) and Pr (12)). Mechanistic investigation led to the isolation of the homo- and heterometallic intermediates [Pr(μ-OR)(μ-Cl)(HOR)Cl]n (6), [Co4(μ3-OR)4(HOR)4Cl4] (7), [Ni4(μ3-OR)4(HOEt)4Cl4] (8), [Mn4(μ3-OR)4(HOR)2(HOEt)2Cl4] (9), and [Nd(HOR)4Cl][CoCl4] (10). In the presence of an external M(II) source at 1100 °C, 1-4 and 12 were selectively converted into binary metal oxide nanomaterials with trigonal or orthorhombic perovskite structures, i.e., LaMnO3, GdMnO3, NdMnO3, Pr0.9MnO3, and PrCoO3. Compound 5 decomposed into a mixture of homo- and heterometallic oxides. The method presented provides a valuable platform for the preparation of advanced heterometallic oxide materials with promising magnetic, luminescence, and/or catalytic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Petrus
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Wrocław University of
Science and Technology, 23 Smoluchowskiego, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland,
| | - Adrian Kowaliński
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Wrocław University of
Science and Technology, 23 Smoluchowskiego, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Józef Utko
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Wrocław University of
Science and Technology, 23 Smoluchowskiego, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Karolina Matuszak
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Wrocław University of
Science and Technology, 23 Smoluchowskiego, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Lis
- Faculty
of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Piotr Sobota
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Wrocław University of
Science and Technology, 23 Smoluchowskiego, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland,
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Abstract
The number of rare earth (RE) starting materials used in synthesis is staggering, ranging from simple binary metal-halide salts to borohydrides and "designer reagents" such as alkyl and organoaluminate complexes. This review collates the most important starting materials used in RE synthetic chemistry, including essential information on their preparations and uses in modern synthetic methodologies. The review is divided by starting material category and supporting ligands (i.e., metals as synthetic precursors, halides, borohydrides, nitrogen donors, oxygen donors, triflates, and organometallic reagents), and in each section relevant synthetic methodologies and applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Ortu
- School of Chemistry, University of Leicester, LE1 7RH Leicester, U.K.
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3
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Haiduc I. Inverse coordination – An emerging new chemical concept. Oxygen and other chalcogens as coordination centers. Coord Chem Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Suslova EV, Troyanov SI, Turova NY. Lanthanum alkoxides. Crystal structure of [La6(μ6-Cl)(μ3-OPr i )2(μ-OPr i )9(OPr i )6]. RUSS J INORG CHEM+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036023615110182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Hemmer E, Cavelius C, Huch V, Mathur S. Templating Influence of Molecular Precursors on Pr(OH)3 Nanostructures. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:6267-80. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b00529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Hemmer
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique—Énergie
Matériaux Télécommunications, Université du Québec, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec J3X 1S2, Canada
- Leibniz Institute of New Materials, Im Stadtwald, Building
D2 2, 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Christian Cavelius
- Leibniz Institute of New Materials, Im Stadtwald, Building
D2 2, 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Volker Huch
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Saarland University, P.O. Box 151150, 66041 Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Sanjay Mathur
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstrasse
6, 50939 Cologne, Germany
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Faccioli F, Bauer M, Pedron D, Sorarù A, Carraro M, Gross S. Hydrolytic Stability and Hydrogen Peroxide Activation of Zirconium-Based Oxoclusters. Eur J Inorg Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201402767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Moore BF, Emge TJ, Brennan JG. Lanthanide Clusters with Azide Capping Ligands. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:6021-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ic400359x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian F. Moore
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 610 Taylor
Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854-8087, United States
| | - Thomas J. Emge
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 610 Taylor
Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854-8087, United States
| | - John G. Brennan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 610 Taylor
Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854-8087, United States
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Hemmer E, Huch V, Adlung M, Wickleder C, Mathur S. Homo- and Heterometallic Terbium Alkoxides - Synthesis, Characterization and Conversion to Luminescent Oxide Nanostructures. Eur J Inorg Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201000963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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9
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Gross S. Oxocluster-reinforced organic–inorganic hybrid materials: effect of transition metal oxoclusters on structural and functional properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm10579e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Zheng Z. Chapter 245 Cluster Compounds of Rare-Earth Elements. HANDBOOK ON THE PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF RARE EARTHS VOLUME 40 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1273(10)40005-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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11
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Boyle TJ, Ottley LAM. Advances in Structurally Characterized Lanthanide Alkoxide, Aryloxide, and Silyloxide Compounds. Chem Rev 2008; 108:1896-917. [DOI: 10.1021/cr0401063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J. Boyle
- Sandia National Laboratories, Advanced Materials Laboratory, 1001 University Boulevard, S.E., Albuquerque, New Mexico 87106
| | - Leigh Anna M. Ottley
- Sandia National Laboratories, Advanced Materials Laboratory, 1001 University Boulevard, S.E., Albuquerque, New Mexico 87106
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Sheng H, Xu F, Yao Y, Zhang Y, Shen Q. Novel Mixed-Metal Alkoxide Clusters of Lanthanide and Sodium: Synthesis and Extremely Active Catalysts for the Polymerization of ε-Caprolactone and Trimethylene Carbonate. Inorg Chem 2007; 46:7722-4. [PMID: 17718484 DOI: 10.1021/ic701238w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Novel mixed-metal alkoxide clusters of lanthanide and sodium [Ln2Na8(OCH2CH2NMe2)12(OH)2], which were synthesized in reproducible high yields and structurally characterized, were found to be extremely active catalysts for the ring-opening polymerization of epsilon-caprolactone and trimethylene carbonate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongting Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis, Jiangsu Province, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou 215123, China
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Aspinall HC, Bickley JF, Gaskell JM, Jones AC, Labat G, Chalker PR, Williams PA. Precursors for MOCVD and ALD of Rare Earth Oxides−Complexes of the Early Lanthanides with a Donor-Functionalized Alkoxide Ligand. Inorg Chem 2007; 46:5852-60. [PMID: 17580930 DOI: 10.1021/ic061382y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Complexes of the early lanthanides with the donor-functionalized alkoxide ligand mmp (Hmmp = HOCMe(2)CH(2)OMe, 1-methoxy-2-methylpropan-2-ol) are excellent precursors for Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD) and Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) of lanthanide oxides; however, their coordination chemistry, which is the subject of this paper, is rather complex. Precursors for MOCVD and ALD of lanthanide oxides are prepared by the reaction of [Ln{N(SiMe(3))(2)}(3)] with 3 equiv of the alcohol Hmmp in toluene in the presence of 1 equiv of tetraglyme and are indefinitely stable in solution. Reaction of [Ln{N(SiMe(3))(2)}(3)] with 3 equiv of Hmmp in the absence of stabilizing Lewis bases gives complex condensed products with empirical formula [{Ln(mmp)(3-n)}(2)O(n)]. These condensed products show poor volatility and are unsatisfactory precursors for MOCVD or ALD of oxides. The cluster complex [La(3)(mu(3),kappa(2)-mmp)(2)(mu(2),kappa(2)-mmp)(3)(mmp)(4)] has been prepared by careful reaction of [La{N(SiMe(3))(2)}(3)] with 4 equiv of Hmmp and has been characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Salt metathesis reactions using M(mmp) (M = Li or Na) are unreliable routes to [Ln(mmp)(3)]. Crystals of the heterometallic cluster complex [NaLa(3)(mu(3)-OH)(mu(3),kappa(2)-mmp)(2)(mu(2),kappa(2)-mmp)(4)(mmp)(3)] were isolated from the reaction of [La(NO(3))(3)(tetraglyme)] with 3 equiv of Na(mmp), and crystals of [Li(kappa(2)-Hmmp)Pr(mu(2),eta(2)-mmp)(4))LiCl] were isolated from the reaction of PrCl(3) with 3 equiv of Li(mmp); both of these complexes have been characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen C Aspinall
- Department of Chemistry, Donnan and Robert Robinson Laboratories, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, UK.
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Banerjee S, Kumar GA, Riman RE, Emge TJ, Brennan JG. Oxoclusters of the Lanthanides Begin to Resemble Solid-State Materials at Very Small Cluster Sizes: Structure and NIR Emission from Nd(III). J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:5926-31. [PMID: 17439214 DOI: 10.1021/ja069000a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of Nd(SePh)3 with SeO2 and Hg in pyridine gives the dodecanuclear cluster [(py)18Nd12O6Se4(Se2)4(SePh)4(Se2Ph)2Hg2(SePh)4][(Hg(SePh)3]2. In this compound the 12 Nd(III) ions are stacked in four sets of Nd3, with pairs of tetrahedral oxo ligands separating the Nd3 planes and Se, SeSe, SePh, pyridine, and HgSePh groups encapsulating the oxo core. Both the Nd-O bond lengths and the geometries about the oxo ions are remarkably similar to those found in solid-state Nd2O3. Near-IR emission experiments indicate that the cluster emission properties are less intense than those of highly emissive (DME)2Nd(SC6F5)3 or (THF)8Nd8O2Se2(SePh)16 but brighter than the nonemissive solid-state compound Nd2O3. Intensity variations are interpreted in terms of concentration quenching and phonon relaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santanu Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854-8087, USA
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Lanthanide molecular oxohydroxides: Synthesis and characterisation of [Y4(μ4-O)(μ-OEt)2(μ,η2-AAA)2(η2-AAA)3]2(μ3-OH)4(μ3-OEt)2 (HAAA=allylacetatoacetate). INORG CHEM COMMUN 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2006.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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16
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Mehring M, Paalasmaa S, Schürmann M. Structural Relationships in High-Nuclearity Heterobimetallic Bismuth-Oxo Clusters. Eur J Inorg Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200500636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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17
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Veith M, Gr�tz F, Huch V, G�tlich P, Ensling J. Synthese und Strukturen neuer Eisen-Sauerstoff-Alkoxid-Cluster. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.200400304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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18
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Pfalzgraf LG, Morlens S, Daniele S, Thozet A. Molecular structure of [Y 4 (μ 3 ,η 2 -OR) 3 (μ,η 2 -OR) 2 (η 1 -OR) 4 (μ,η 1 -OR) 3 ] 2 R=C 2 H 4 OPr i , an homoleptic alkoxide with three different coordination numbers. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2004.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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19
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Hubert-Pfalzgraf LG, Daniele S. From molecules to materials: some examples in yttrium and lanthanide chemistry. CR CHIM 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2004.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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20
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Reis DM, Nunes GG, Sá EL, Friedermann GR, Mangrich AS, Evans DJ, Hitchcock PB, Leigh GJ, Soares JF. Iron(iii) and titanium(iv) oxoalkoxide chemistry: synthetic, structural, magnetochemical and spectroscopic studies of [Ti3(μ3-OPri)2(μ-OPri)3(OPri)6][FeCl4] and [Fe5(μ5-O)(μ-OPri)8Cl5]. NEW J CHEM 2004. [DOI: 10.1039/b403899a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Thompson MK, Lough AJ, White AJP, Williams DJ, Kahwa IA. Formation of two diverse classes of poly(amino-alkoxide) chelates and their mononuclear and polynuclear lanthanide(III) complexes. Inorg Chem 2003; 42:4828-41. [PMID: 12895104 DOI: 10.1021/ic020154a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Factors that influence aggregation of lanthanide(III) (Ln(III)) ions to form polynuclear complexes were studied utilizing 1-aziridineethanol as a versatile source of macrocyclic and acyclic chelates. The facile ring-opening cyclo-oligomerization of 1-aziridineethanol leads to the formation of a series of polyaza cyclic oligomers (series A). In the presence of ethylenediamine, a competing N-alkylation reaction occurs to produce a new class of acyclic ligands (series B). The cyclo-oligomerization of four 1-aziridineethanol units is the most favorable process, leading to the formation of the 12-membered cyclen-type macrocycle, H(4)L(1) (1,4,7,10-tetrakis(2-hydroxyethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraaza-cyclododecane). Ring-opening cyclo-oligomerization of 1-aziridineethanol in the presence of Ln(III) ions produces self-assembled mononuclear, tetranuclear, and pentanuclear compounds of H(4)L(1). In the presence of ethylenediamine, oligomerization of 1-aziridineethanol results in a dinuclear complex of an acyclic poly(amino-alkoxide) H(2)L(2). The coordinative unsaturation of (i) the alkoxy sites of [H(x)L(1)](x)(-)(4) (where x < 4) and (ii) Ln(III) ions in coordination numbers less than nine are critical factors in the formation of the polynuclear Ln(III) complexes. The identities of mononuclear, dinuclear, tetranuclear, and pentanuclear complexes herein discussed were established by X-ray crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlon K Thompson
- Chemistry Department, University of the West Indies, Mona Campus, Kingston 7, Jamaica, West Indies
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Daniele S, G. Hubert-Pfalzgraf L, B. Hitchcock P, F. Lappert M. Thermal condensation of trinuclear lanthanide butoxides. Molecular structure of La5(μ5-O)(μ3-OtBu)4(μ-OtBu)4(OtBu)5. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s1387-7003(00)00051-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Xiong RG, Zuo JL, Yu Z, You XZ, Chen W. Eu5(μ4-OH)(μ3-OH)4(μ-DBM)4(DBM)6 (DBM=dibenzoylmethide): a novel Eu5 square-pyramid polynuclear complex with a rare μ4-OH bridging mode. INORG CHEM COMMUN 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s1387-7003(99)00130-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Hubert-Pfalzgraf LG. Some aspects of homo and heterometallic alkoxides based on functional alcohols. Coord Chem Rev 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0010-8545(98)00080-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Daniele S, Hubert-Pfalzgraf LG, Vaissermann J. Reactions of coordinated alcohol as a route to mixed-metal La–Zn alkoxides: molecular structure of LaZn3(μ-OBut)6[N(SiMe3)2]3. Polyhedron 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0277-5387(98)00235-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Evans WJ, Ansari MA, Ziller JW. Isolation and structural characterization of the polymetallic zirconium alkoxide complexes, Zr3O(OCH2CMe3)9Cl, Zr3O(OCMe3)9(OH), and Na4Zr6O2(OEt)24. Polyhedron 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0277-5387(97)00289-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Chemical routes to barium-cerium oxides: the quest for mixed-metal precursors. Molecular structure of Ba4Ce2(μ6-O)(thd)4 (μ3-OPri)8(OPri)2. Polyhedron 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0277-5387(97)00292-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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