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De Niear MA, Tang VD, Nguyen M, Lin LK. Utilization of Ophthalmic Management in Patients with Head-and-Neck Trauma Secondary to Firearms. J Emerg Trauma Shock 2023; 16:43-47. [PMID: 37583378 PMCID: PMC10424738 DOI: 10.4103/jets.jets_165_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction This retrospective cohort study presents the epidemiology of severe firearm-related ophthalmic injury and the level of ophthalmology involvement in the multidisciplinary management of head-and-neck gunshot injuries. Methods A retrospective study identified 207 patients with firearm-related injuries involving the head and neck treated at an Academic Tertiary Care Institution from 2010 to 2020. Results Ophthalmology consulted on 29% of patients with head-and-neck firearm injuries. At least one of the services managing facial trauma (plastic surgery and otolaryngology) consulted on 71.5% of cases (P < 0.001). Of patients evaluated by ophthalmology, 93.3% survived to discharge; 78.2% of patients who were not evaluated survived to discharge (P = 0.009). Ophthalmology consulted on all patients with open globe injury (10.6%) (P < 0.001), all of which were evaluated by the facial trauma service (P = 0.002), 77.3% by otolaryngology (P = 0.42), 50% by neurosurgery, 36.4% by plastic surgery, 13.6% by orthopedic surgery, and 4.5% by vascular surgery. Ophthalmology consulted on 76.5% of patients with orbital fracture (32.9%) (P < 0.001); 83.8% were evaluated by the facial trauma service (P = 0.006), 69.1% by otolaryngology (P = 0.014), 54.4% by neurosurgery, 27.9% by plastic surgery, 10.3% by orthopedic surgery, and 2.9% by vascular surgery. For patients with orbital fractures, 92.3% survived when ophthalmology was consulted (P = 0.698); 43.8% survived when not consulted (P = 0.001). Conclusions Firearm-related injuries of the head and neck frequently involve ocular and orbital structures, often causing serious vision-threatening injuries. Multispecialty management is common and early ophthalmology specialist evaluation and co-management are indicated to best identify ophthalmic injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Allen De Niear
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Vincent Duong Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Michael Nguyen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Lily Koo Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, CA, USA
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Qaisi M, Martin S, Al Azzawi T, Aldelayme R, Bokhari F, Murphy J. Is Maxillofacial Gunshot Wound Location Associated With Operative Intervention? J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2022; 81:434-440. [PMID: 36592933 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Gunshot wound (GSW) injuries are an important public health concern in the United States. The study purpose was to measure the association between GSW location and need for operative treatment. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study. Sample consisted of all patients treated for maxillofacial gunshot wound injuries at Cook County Health from 2008 to 2018. The sample data were collected through a retrospective charts review and review of computed tomography imaging. The predictor variable was the region of the face involved with the GSW and it was divided into 3 levels, upper face (UF), middle face (MF), and lower face (LF). The outcome variable was whether operative intervention was rendered or not (operative vs no intervention). Other variables of interest collected included patient demographics, the type of surgical intervention, disposition (home vs rehab/morgue), rate of intracranial injury, and need for blood transfusion. Data analysis was performed using Chi-square for proportions and relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS A total of 180 patients were identified to have sustained GSW injuries to the face during abovementioned time frame. Of those, 120 patients had isolated GSW injuries with no other organs involvement. The median age was 25 years. Majority of the patients were males (94%). The involved facial region appeared to influence the need for operative management and this reached statistical significance (Chi-square 22.703, P < .001). GSW injuries to LF were 2.94 times more likely to require operative intervention than injuries to the MF (RR = 2.94, 95% CI = 1.625-5.327). Injuries of the UF were 2 times more likely to require operative intervention than injuries of the MF (RR = 2.03, 95% CI 1.023-4.008). Injuries to the UF were more likely to be associated with intracranial injuries (Chi-square = 20.522, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS In patients with facial GSW injuries, there is an association between injury location and the need for operative intervention. Injuries to the LF were most likely to require surgical intervention followed by the UF and MF, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Qaisi
- Professor of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Midwestern University and Program Director, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Cook County Health, Chicago, IL.
| | - Stephen Martin
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Cook County Health, Chicago, IL
| | - Thaer Al Azzawi
- Research Fellow, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Cook County Health, Chicago, IL
| | - Raed Aldelayme
- Research Fellow, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Cook County Health, Chicago, IL
| | - Faran Bokhari
- Director Department of Trauma/Burn Surgery and Rehabilitation, Cook County Health, Chicago, IL
| | - James Murphy
- Associate Professor (MWU), Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Cook County Health, Chicago, IL
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Khatib B, Gelesko S, Amundson M, Cheng A, Patel A, Bui T, Dierks EJ, Bell RB. Updates in Management of Craniomaxillofacial Gunshot Wounds and Reconstruction of the Mandible. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am 2021; 33:359-372. [PMID: 34210400 DOI: 10.1016/j.coms.2021.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This article includes updates in the management of mandibular trauma and reconstruction as they relate to maxillomandibular fixation screws, custom hardware, virtual surgical planning, and protocols for use of computer-aided surgery and navigation when managing composite defects from gunshot injuries to the face.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baber Khatib
- Advanced Craniomaxillofacial and Trauma Surgery/Head and Neck Oncologic and Microvascular Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Legacy Emanuel Medical Center, 2801 N Gantentenbein Avenue, Portland, OR 97227, USA; Providence Portland Hospital, 4805 NE Glisan Street, Portland, OR 97213, USA; Head & Neck Surgical Associates, 1849 NW Kearney Street #302, Portland, OR 97209, USA.
| | - Savannah Gelesko
- Head & Neck Surgical Associates, 1849 NW Kearney Street #302, Portland, OR 97209, USA
| | - Melissa Amundson
- Head & Neck Surgical Associates, 1849 NW Kearney Street #302, Portland, OR 97209, USA; Department of Surgery, Trauma Service, Legacy Emanuel Medical Center, 2801 N Gantentenbein Avenue, Portland, OR 97227, USA
| | - Allen Cheng
- Head & Neck Surgical Associates, 1849 NW Kearney Street #302, Portland, OR 97209, USA; Department of Surgery, Trauma Service, Legacy Emanuel Medical Center, 2801 N Gantentenbein Avenue, Portland, OR 97227, USA; Head and Neck Cancer Program, Legacy Good Samaritan Medical Center, 1015 NW 22nd Avenue, Portland, OR 97210, USA
| | - Ashish Patel
- Head & Neck Surgical Associates, 1849 NW Kearney Street #302, Portland, OR 97209, USA; Department of Surgery, Trauma Service, Legacy Emanuel Medical Center, 2801 N Gantentenbein Avenue, Portland, OR 97227, USA; Providence Oral, Head and Neck Cancer Program and Clinic, Providence Cancer Center, 4805 NE Glisan Street, Portland, OR 97213, USA
| | - Tuan Bui
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Sanford Health, E - 1717 S University Drive Fargo, ND 58103, USA
| | - Eric J Dierks
- Head & Neck Surgical Associates, 1849 NW Kearney Street #302, Portland, OR 97209, USA; Department of Surgery, Trauma Service, Legacy Emanuel Medical Center, 2801 N Gantentenbein Avenue, Portland, OR 97227, USA
| | - R Bryan Bell
- Head & Neck Surgical Associates, 1849 NW Kearney Street #302, Portland, OR 97209, USA; Department of Surgery, Trauma Service, Legacy Emanuel Medical Center, 2801 N Gantentenbein Avenue, Portland, OR 97227, USA; Providence Oral, Head and Neck Cancer Program and Clinic, Providence Cancer Center, 4805 NE Glisan Street, Portland, OR 97213, USA; Robert W. Franz Cancer Research Center, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute at Providence Cancer Center, 4805 NE Glisan Street, Portland, OR 97213, USA
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da Rocha SS, Sales PHDH, Carvalho PHR, Maia RN, Gondim RF, de Menezes Junior JMS, Mello MDJR. Mandibular traumas by gunshot. A systematic review with meta-analysis and algorithm of treatment. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020; 59:e99-e108. [PMID: 33678448 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2020.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of mandibular fractures by gunshot ranges from late conservative repair to more aggressive early repair in a single stage. Treatments that preserve bony architecture as much as possible should be used, minimising patient morbidity and the complexity of future surgeries. The purpose of this study was to use a systematic review to determine which method of treatment was most effective for mandibular fractures by gunshot. Searches were conducted on Medline via PubMed, Scopus, Central Cochrane, and Sigle via Open Grey up to August 2019. Four studies were eligible to this systematic review, considering the previously establish inclusion and exclusion criteria. A total of 211 patients were evaluated. The mandibular body was the region more fractured followed by the symphyseal/parasymphyseal region. The closed treatment with intermaxillary fixation (IMF) was the most used followed by open surgery with internal rigid fixation (IRF) and external fixator. Considering the total adverse effects, the meta-analysis showed no statistically significant difference between the IMF and IRF groups (p=0.840), but IMF showed five times less infection and IRF six times less malunion. The algorithm was delineated from the types of injuries by gunshot, proposing forms of treatment from initial stabilisation to functional rehabilitation with implant-supported prostheses. The treatment of mandibular fractures by gunshot remains a challenge for surgeons. There was a statistically significant prevalence of success in the IRF group, however this group was also associated with a higher index of infection than the IMF group. New studies with high methodological quality and larger numbers of participants are needed to offer more safety for surgeons who treat patients with mandibular fractures by gunshot.
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Siddiqui SUD, Iqbal N, Baig MH, Mehdi H, Mahmood Haider S. Efficacy of open reduction and internal fixation in achieving bony union of comminuted mandibular fractures caused by civilian gunshot injuries. Surgeon 2019; 18:214-218. [PMID: 31806484 DOI: 10.1016/j.surge.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Comminuted fractures of the mandible caused by gunshot injuries were traditionally treated with closed reduction using maxillo-mandibular fixation (MMF).2,3 Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) has become a valuable treatment modality in the management of comminuted mandibular fractures due to low rate of complications and predictable healing 4, 5. OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy of ORIF compared with MMF in achieving bony union of comminuted mandibular fractures in gunshot injury patients. METHOD ology: Randomized controlled trial conducted at the department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Abbasi Shaheed Hospital for a period of 3 years; total of 40 patients divided equally into two groups. Group A were treated with ORIF and group B were treated with MMF. Callus formation radiographically was confirmed by 8th week post operatively. Data was collected using proforma, entered on a statistical software SPSS version 20. Frequency percentages were computed for age and gender. Chi square and Fisher's exact tests were applied. P value ≤ 0.05 considered significant. RESULT A total of 40 patients of gunshot injuries were included in this study. 37 (92.5%) were males and 3 (7.5%) were Females with mean age of 36.35 ± 12.9 years SD. 19 (47.5%) patients showed callus formation, whereas, 21 (52.5%) did not. Out of 19 patients, 14 (70%) belonged to group A, and 5 (25%) from group B. The final healing considered by 8th week was in 16 (80%) of ORIF group A, and 8 (40%) group B (MMF) after calculating the clinical and radiographic evidences. CONCLUSION Comparative clinical trials have proven that ORIF is superior to MMF in the management of comminuted mandibular fractures. Early primary repair and internal fixation provides predictable and cost effective results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad-Ud-Din Siddiqui
- Civil Hospital Karachi, Opposite Allawala Market, M.A. Jinnah Road, Baba-e-Urdu Road, Nanakwara, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Naveed Iqbal
- Fatima Jinnah Dental College & Hospital Trust, Building No. 1, Street No. 1, 100 Foot Road, Azam Town, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Mirza Hamid Baig
- Fatima Jinnah Dental College & Hospital Trust, Building No. 1, Street No. 1, 100 Foot Road, Azam Town, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Hassan Mehdi
- Fatima Jinnah Dental College & Hospital Trust, Building No. 1, Street No. 1, 100 Foot Road, Azam Town, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Syed Mahmood Haider
- Principal Karachi Medical & Dental College, Consultant OMS Abbasi Shaheed Hospital, Pakistan.
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Maia ABP, Assis SG, Ribeiro FML, Pinto LW. The marks of gunshot wounds to the face. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2019; 87:145-151. [PMID: 31540871 PMCID: PMC9422606 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2019.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction This article deals with the occurrence of health problems due to gunshot wounds to the face among military police officers, in the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro, who were submitted to surgery at the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Traumatology Clinic of Hospital Central da Polícia Militar. Objective To identify the profile of patients submitted to surgery as a result of gunshot wounds, the anatomical distribution of maxillofacial fractures, the identified sequelae and complications, the health specialties involved in the rehabilitation of these patients, and to discuss the social, emotional and work performance-related effects of work among these subjects. Methods A retrospective epidemiological study was carried out based on secondary data from military police officers who were submitted to surgery at Hospital Central da Polícia Militar due to gunshot wounds from June 2003 to December 2017. Results During the study period, 778 surgeries were performed in the operating room by the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Traumatology service at Hospital Central da Polícia Militar, 186 of which were due to gunshot wounds (23.9%). All patients were males and the mean age 34.7 years. Bone segment loss was the most common sequela. Facial esthetic impairment and reports of insomnia were the most often identified late consequences of impact on health and social life. Regarding the occupational impacts of the sustained injury, the mean time away from work due to medical leave for the treatment of maxillofacial injuries was 11.7 months. Conclusion The treatment of gunshot wounds patients with facial injuries requires multiple surgical interventions and their rehabilitation requires the involvement of different health specialties. Further studies are needed to qualitatively analyze the impact of this type of facial trauma on the patients' lives and their social consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriane Batista Pires Maia
- Colégio Brasileiro de Cirurgia e Traumatologia Bucomaxilofacial, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (ENSP/FIOCRUZ), Departamento Latino-Americano de Estudos de Violência Sérgio Carelli, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Hospital Central da Polícia Militar do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Simone Gonçalves Assis
- Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (ENSP/FIOCRUZ), Departamento Latino-Americano de Estudos de Violência Sérgio Carelli, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Mendes Lages Ribeiro
- Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (ENSP/FIOCRUZ), Departamento Latino-Americano de Estudos de Violência Sérgio Carelli, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Liana Wernersbach Pinto
- Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (ENSP/FIOCRUZ), Departamento Latino-Americano de Estudos de Violência Sérgio Carelli, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Powers
- Duke Craniomaxillofacial Trauma Program, Duke Craniomaxillofacial Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Division of Plastic, Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, DUMC Box 2955, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - John Breeze
- Academic Department of Military Surgery and Trauma, Royal Centre for Defence Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Medical Centre, Mindelsohn Way, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2WB, UK; Formerly, Division of Plastic, Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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Erickson BP, Feng PW, Ko MJ, Modi YS, Johnson TE. Gun-related eye injuries: A primer. Surv Ophthalmol 2019; 65:67-78. [PMID: 31229522 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Gun-related eye injuries are relatively common in the context of gunshot wounds to the head and neck. Many of the fundamental principles of gunshot wound management apply to the care of these patients, but the complex anatomy and functional relationships of the periocular region do pose special challenges. We provide a focused primer for physicians seeking a more in-depth understanding of gun-related eye injuries and present 3 representative cases outlining the spectrum of pathology, provide a focused review of the relevant ballistics concepts, and discuss the management of injuries to the periocular soft tissues, orbital structures, and globe. We found that good cosmetic and functional results can often be achieved with appropriate early intervention, but visual prognosis may remain guarded despite optimal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin P Erickson
- Stanford Health Care, Byers Eye Institute at Stanford, Palo Alto, California, USA.
| | - Paula W Feng
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Marcus J Ko
- Nevada Centre for Eye Plastic Surgery, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | - Yasha S Modi
- Department of Ophthalmology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Thomas E Johnson
- Oculofacial Plastic Surgery, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami, Florida, USA
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9
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Khatib B, Cuddy K, Cheng A, Patel A, Sim F, Amundson M, Gelesko S, Bui T, Dierks EJ, Bell RB. Functional Anatomic Computer Engineered Surgery Protocol for the Management of Self-Inflicted Gunshot Wounds to the Maxillofacial Skeleton. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2018; 76:580-594. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2017.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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10
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Khatib B, Gelesko S, Amundson M, Cheng A, Patel A, Bui T, Dierks EJ, Bell RB. Updates in Management of Craniomaxillofacial Gunshot Wounds and Reconstruction of the Mandible. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am 2018; 25:563-576. [PMID: 28941508 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsc.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This article includes updates in the management of mandibular trauma and reconstruction as they relate to maxillomandibular fixation screws, custom hardware, virtual surgical planning, and protocols for use of computer-aided surgery and navigation when managing composite defects from gunshot injuries to the face.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baber Khatib
- Advanced Craniomaxillofacial and Trauma Surgery/Head and Neck Oncologic and Microvascular Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Legacy Emanuel Medical Center, 2801 N Gantentenbein Avenue, Portland, OR 97227, USA; Providence Portland Hospital, 4805 NE Glisan Street, Portland, OR 97213, USA; Head & Neck Surgical Associates, 1849 NW Kearney Street #302, Portland, OR 97209, USA.
| | - Savannah Gelesko
- Head & Neck Surgical Associates, 1849 NW Kearney Street #302, Portland, OR 97209, USA
| | - Melissa Amundson
- Head & Neck Surgical Associates, 1849 NW Kearney Street #302, Portland, OR 97209, USA; Department of Surgery, Trauma Service, Legacy Emanuel Medical Center, 2801 N Gantentenbein Avenue, Portland, OR 97227, USA
| | - Allen Cheng
- Head & Neck Surgical Associates, 1849 NW Kearney Street #302, Portland, OR 97209, USA; Department of Surgery, Trauma Service, Legacy Emanuel Medical Center, 2801 N Gantentenbein Avenue, Portland, OR 97227, USA; Head and Neck Cancer Program, Legacy Good Samaritan Medical Center, 1015 NW 22nd Avenue, Portland, OR 97210, USA
| | - Ashish Patel
- Head & Neck Surgical Associates, 1849 NW Kearney Street #302, Portland, OR 97209, USA; Department of Surgery, Trauma Service, Legacy Emanuel Medical Center, 2801 N Gantentenbein Avenue, Portland, OR 97227, USA; Providence Oral, Head and Neck Cancer Program and Clinic, Providence Cancer Center, 4805 NE Glisan Street, Portland, OR 97213, USA
| | - Tuan Bui
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Sanford Health, E - 1717 S University Drive Fargo, ND 58103, USA
| | - Eric J Dierks
- Head & Neck Surgical Associates, 1849 NW Kearney Street #302, Portland, OR 97209, USA; Department of Surgery, Trauma Service, Legacy Emanuel Medical Center, 2801 N Gantentenbein Avenue, Portland, OR 97227, USA
| | - R Bryan Bell
- Head & Neck Surgical Associates, 1849 NW Kearney Street #302, Portland, OR 97209, USA; Department of Surgery, Trauma Service, Legacy Emanuel Medical Center, 2801 N Gantentenbein Avenue, Portland, OR 97227, USA; Providence Oral, Head and Neck Cancer Program and Clinic, Providence Cancer Center, 4805 NE Glisan Street, Portland, OR 97213, USA; Robert W. Franz Cancer Research Center, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute at Providence Cancer Center, 4805 NE Glisan Street, Portland, OR 97213, USA
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Bahouth H, Ghantous Y, Rachmiel A, Amodi O, Abu-Elnaaj I. Maxillofacial Injuries Related to the Syrian War in the Civilian Population. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2017; 75:995-1003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
War injuries are the cornerstone of maxillofacial surgery, and it led to the initiation and development of this specialty, and each case represents a challenge to the surgeon who deals with it. In this article, we present a 30-year-old male patient who was referred to our emergency department complaining of gunshot wound, severe pain, and limitation in mouth opening. Preoperative imaging showed a bullet with a very long path lodged in the infratemporal fossa. Three different approaches with the aid of C-arm imaging system were used for the removal of this bullet; the last approach was the successful one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Maki Merza
- Department of Maxillo-Facial, Al-Karkh General Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq
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13
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Humphrey C, Kumaratilake J. Ballistics and anatomical modelling – A review. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2016; 23:21-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Minimally Invasive Firearm Projectile Removal With the Use of Image Intensifiers. J Craniofac Surg 2016; 27:1612-3. [PMID: 27607125 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000002818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Abstract
Projectile injury represents an estimated 14% of reported animal cruelty cases in the United States. Cases involving projectiles are complicated by gross similarities to other common types of injury, including bite wounds and motor vehicle injuries, by weapons and ammunition not commonly recognized or understood by veterinary medical professionals, and by required expertise beyond that employed in routine postmortem examination. This review describes the common types of projectile injuries encountered within the United States, as well as firearms and ammunition associated with this form of injury. The 3 stages of ballistics—internal, external, and terminal—and wounding capacity are discussed. A general understanding of firearms, ammunition, and ballistics is necessary before pursuing forensic projectile cases. The forensic necropsy is described, including gunshot wound examination, projectile trajectories, different imaging procedures, collection and storage of projectile evidence, and potential advanced techniques for gunpowder analysis. This review presents aspects of projectile injury investigation that must be considered in tandem with standard postmortem practices and procedures to ensure reliable conclusions are reached for medicolegal as well as diagnostic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Bradley-Siemens
- Animal Health Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, USA
| | - A. I. Brower
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, USA
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Karimi A, Razaghi R, Navidbakhsh M, Sera T, Kudo S. Dynamic finite element simulation of the gunshot injury to the human forehead protected by polyvinyl alcohol sponge. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2016; 27:74. [PMID: 26886822 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-016-5686-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Although there are some traditional models of the gunshot wounds, there is still a need for more modeling analyses due to the difficulties related to the gunshot wounds to the forehead region of the human skull. In this study, the degree of damage as a consequence of penetrating head injuries due to gunshot wounds was determined using a preliminary finite element (FE) model of the human skull. In addition, the role of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) sponge, which can be used as an alternative to reinforce the kinetic energy absorption capacity of bulletproof vest and helmet materials, to minimize the amount of skull injury due to penetrating processes was investigated through the FE model. Digital computed tomography along with magnetic resonance imaging data of the human head were employed to launch a three-dimensional (3D) FE model of the skull. Two geometrical shapes of projectiles (steel ball and bullet) were simulated for penetrating with an initial impact velocity of 734 m/s using nonlinear dynamic modeling code, namely LS-DYNA. The role of the damaged/distorted elements were removed during computation when the stress or strain reached their thresholds. The stress distributions in various parts of the forehead and sponge after injury were also computed. The results revealed the same amount of stress for both the steel ball and bullet after hitting the skull. The modeling results also indicated the time that steel ball takes to penetrate into the skull is lower than that of the bullet. In addition, more than 21% of the steel ball's kinetic energy was absorbed by the PVA sponge and, subsequently, injury sternness of the forehead was considerably minimized. The findings advise the application of the PVA sponge as a substitute strengthening material to be able to diminish the energy of impact as well as the load transmitted to the object.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Karimi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Reza Razaghi
- Tissue Engineering and Biological Systems Research Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, 16846, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Navidbakhsh
- Tissue Engineering and Biological Systems Research Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, 16846, Tehran, Iran
| | - Toshihiro Sera
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Susumu Kudo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
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Slusarenko da Silva Y, de Gouveia MM, Alves CAF, Migliolo RC. Late treatment of a mandibular gunshot wound. AUTOPSY AND CASE REPORTS 2015; 5:53-9. [PMID: 26484326 PMCID: PMC4608166 DOI: 10.4322/acr.2014.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mandibular gunshot injuries are esthetically and functionally devastating, causing comminuted fractures and adjacent tissue destruction depending on the weapon gauge, projectile shape, impact kinetic energy, and density of the injured structures. If the mandibular fracture is not adequate or promptly treated, the broken fragments will fail to heal. In case of a treatment delay, progressive bone loss and fracture contracture will require a customized approach, which includes open reduction, removal of fibrous tissue between the bony stumps, and fixation of the fracture with a reconstruction plate and autogenous graft. The authors report the case of a 34-year-old man wounded on the mandible 15 years ago. With the aid of computed tomography and a prototype, a surgical plan was designed including open reduction and internal fixation of the segmental mandibular defect with a reconstruction plate and bone graft harvested from the iliac crest. The postoperative follow-up was uneventful and the 12-month follow up showed a positive aesthetic and functional result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Slusarenko da Silva
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department - University Hospital - University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo/SP, Brazil
| | - Marcia Maria de Gouveia
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department - University Hospital - University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo/SP, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo Chenu Migliolo
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department - University Hospital - University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo/SP, Brazil
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Pires MSM, Giongo CC, Antonello GDM, Couto RTD, Filho RDOV, Junior OLC. An interesting case of gunshot injury to the temporomandibular joint. Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr 2015; 8:79-82. [PMID: 25709756 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1390244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The head and face are relatively common sites of gunshot injury, and the temporomandibular joint is often affected. These wounds usually produce major deformity and functional impairment, particularly when the temporomandibular joint is affected or when structures such as the facial nerve are damaged. Complications may include mandibular displacement at maximum mouth opening and in protrusion, limited mouth opening, limited lateral movement of the jaw, anterior open bite, and, more rarely, temporomandibular ankylosis. Projectiles that strike the mandible usually cause comminuted fractures; maxillary wounds, in turn, are most commonly perforating. The present report describes a case of gunshot injury in which the projectile lodged within the mandibular fossa but did not cause any fractures. Oral and maxillofacial trauma surgeons must be aware of the different types of gunshot injury, as they produce distinct patterns of tissue destruction due to projectile trajectory and release of kinetic energy into surrounding tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Caroline Comis Giongo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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Stefanopoulos P, Soupiou O, Pazarakiotis V, Filippakis K. Wound ballistics of firearm-related injuries—Part 2: Mechanisms of skeletal injury and characteristics of maxillofacial ballistic trauma. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2015; 44:67-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2014.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Matoso RI, Freire AR, Santos LSDM, Daruge Junior E, Rossi AC, Prado FB. Comparison of gunshot entrance morphologies caused by .40-caliber Smith & Wesson, .380-caliber, and 9-mm Luger bullets: a finite element analysis study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111192. [PMID: 25343337 PMCID: PMC4208880 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Firearms can cause fatal wounds, which can be identified by traces on or around the body. However, there are cases where neither the bullet nor gun is found at the crime scene. Ballistic research involving finite element models can reproduce computational biomechanical conditions, without compromising bioethics, as they involve no direct tests on animals or humans. This study aims to compare the morphologies of gunshot entrance holes caused by.40-caliber Smith & Wesson (S&W), .380-caliber, and 9×19-mm Luger bullets. A fully metal-jacketed.40 S&W projectile, a fully metal-jacketed.380 projectile, and a fully metal-jacketed 9×19-mm Luger projectile were computationally fired at the glabellar region of the finite element model from a distance of 10 cm, at perpendicular incidence. The results show different morphologies in the entrance holes produced by the three bullets, using the same skull at the same shot distance. The results and traits of the entrance holes are discussed. Finite element models allow feasible computational ballistic research, which may be useful to forensic experts when comparing and analyzing data related to gunshot wounds in the forehead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Ivo Matoso
- Department of Forensic Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, FOP-UNICAMP, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
- Institute of Legal Medicine – IML-RR, Civil Police of Roraima, Boa Vista, Roraima, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Alexandre Rodrigues Freire
- Department of Morphology, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, FOP-UNICAMP, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Eduardo Daruge Junior
- Department of Forensic Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, FOP-UNICAMP, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia Rossi
- Department of Morphology, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, FOP-UNICAMP, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Felippe Bevilacqua Prado
- Department of Morphology, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, FOP-UNICAMP, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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Kar IB, Kar R, Mishra N, Singh AK. An eye for a lost eye: A case of self-inflicting gunshot injury. Natl J Maxillofac Surg 2014; 5:74-8. [PMID: 25298724 PMCID: PMC4178363 DOI: 10.4103/0975-5950.140184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Maxillofacial defects due to gunshot injuries can have detrimental functional and psychological effects on the patient. These occur predominantly in young males, although all are at risk. Military, civil, accidental or self-inflicted injuries employing guns of varying caliber and ballistic properties may produce a defect or deformity which encompasses the entire spectrum of reconstructive surgery. Patients with facial defects have major difficulties to re-establish their mastication, speech, soft-tissue projections and therefore social integration. Successful prosthetic rehabilitation is crucial for better quality of life in case of large facial deformities. We present a case of 24-year-old male with gunshot injury to the left side face leading damage to the eye, which was rehabilitated with oculo-facial prosthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indu Bhusan Kar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, S C B Dental College and Hospital, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | - Rosalin Kar
- Department of Prosthodontics, S C B Dental College and Hospital, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | - Niranjan Mishra
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, S C B Dental College and Hospital, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | - Akhilesh Kumar Singh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Karimi A, Navidbakhsh M, Razaghi R. Dynamic simulation and finite element analysis of the human mandible injury protected by polyvinyl alcohol sponge. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 42:608-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 04/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Stefanopoulos PK, Filippakis K, Soupiou OT, Pazarakiotis VC. Wound ballistics of firearm-related injuries--part 1: missile characteristics and mechanisms of soft tissue wounding. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2014; 43:1445-58. [PMID: 25128259 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2014.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Firearm-related injuries are caused by a wide variety of weapons and projectiles. The kinetic energy of the penetrating projectile defines its ability to disrupt and displace tissue, whereas the actual tissue damage is determined by the mode of energy release during the projectile-tissue interaction and the particular characteristics of the tissues and organs involved. Certain projectile factors, namely shape, construction, and stability, greatly influence the rate of energy transfer to the tissues along the wound track. Two zones of tissue damage can be identified, the permanent cavity created by the passage of the bullet and a potential area of contused tissue surrounding it, produced mainly by temporary cavitation which is a manifestation of effective high-energy transfer to tissue. Due to the complex nature of these injuries, wound assessment and the type and extent of treatment required should be based on an understanding of the various mechanisms contributing to tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - K Filippakis
- 401 General Army Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - O T Soupiou
- 401 General Army Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Rehabilitation of a patient with gunshot injury through the iliac graft and implant-retained restorations with a 3-year follow-up: a brief clinical study. J Craniofac Surg 2014; 25:e207-10. [PMID: 24621772 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0b013e3182a2ecc4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Trauma is one of the most common causes of teeth loss. Assault with a gunshot and bullet shot is life threatening, and for patients who survive the injury, it results in hard and soft tissue loss in the tissues and organs crossed by the bullet. The tissue loss results in the loss of structure and function. Rehabilitation of these patients to function and aesthetics requires surgical and prosthodontic procedures over time. This report is of a 24-year-old male patient who had a bullet injury resulting in hard and soft tissue deficiency. The ridge deficiency was augmented with iliac bone graft, and 3 months later, implants were placed. Five months later, hybrid prosthesis was delivered. At 3-year follow-up visit, the hybrid prosthesis was replaced with porcelain fused to a metal bridge. The bone levels on all the implants were stable.
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Management of comminuted but continuous mandible defects after gunshot injuries. Injury 2014; 45:206-11. [PMID: 23084488 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2012.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Revised: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/22/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Firearm injuries continue as a major public health problem, contributing significant morbidity, mortality, and expense to our society. There are four main steps in the management of patients with gunshot wounds to the face: securing an airway, controlling haemorrhage, identifying other injuries and definitive repair of the traumatic facial deformities. The objective of this study was to determine late outcome of two treatment options by open reduction and internal fixation versus closed reduction and maxillomandibular fixation (MMF) in the treatment of gunshot injuries of the mandible. METHODS Sixty patients of gunshot injury were randomly allocated in two groups. In group A, 30 patients were treated by open reduction and internal fixation and in group B, 30 patients were treated by closed reduction and maxillomandibular fixation. Patients were discharged as the treatment completed and recalled for follow up. Up to 3 months after injury, fortnightly complications like infection, malocclusion, malunion of fractured fragments, facial asymmetry, sequestration of bone and exposed plates were evaluated and the differences between two groups were assessed. The follow-up period ranged from 3 months to 10 months. RESULTS Patients treated by open reduction tended to have less complications as compared to closed reduction. CONCLUSION Based on this study open reduction and internal fixation is the best available method for the treatment of gunshot mandible fractures without continuity defect.
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Pereira CCS, Letícia Dos Santos P, Jardim ECG, Júnior IRG, Shinohara EH, Araujo MM. The Use of 2.4-mm Locking Plate System in Treating Comminuted Mandibular Fracture by Firearm. Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr 2013; 5:91-6. [PMID: 23730424 DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1313364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Maxillofacial trauma caused by firearms has considerably increased, in which the mandibular body is the site of highest incidence of firearm projectiles. In these cases, the use of titanium plates and screws allows the early restoration of form and function of the mandible with stable and predictable results. Recently, conventional plates have been extensively used to treat comminuted mandibular fractures. Nevertheless, the conventional system presents several limitations such as screw compression against the bone interface and the necessity of precise fit of plate to the bone. To overcome such drawbacks, the locking plates have emerged. The present clinical case reported the operative treatment of mandibular fracture caused by firearm projectiles with the use of locking plate. The indications, advantages, and disadvantages of this system are presented.
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Abstract
Ballistic injury wounds are formed by variable interrelated factors, such as the nature of the tissue, the compositional makeup of the bullet, distance to the target, and the velocity, shape, and mass of the of the projectile. This complex arrangement, with the ultimate outcome dependent on each other, makes the prediction of wounding potential difficult to assess. As the facial features are the component of the body most involved in a patient's personality and interaction with society, preservation of form, cosmesis, and functional outcome should remain the primary goals in the management of ballistic injury. A logical, sequential analysis of the injury patterns to the facial complex is an absolutely necessary component for the treatment of craniomaxillofacial ballistic injuries. Fortunately, these skill sets should be well honed in all craniomaxillofacial surgeons through their exposure to generalized trauma, orthognathic, oncologic, and cosmetic surgery patients. Identification of injured tissues, understanding the functional limitations of these injuries, and preservation of both hard and soft tissues minimizing the need for tissue replacement are paramount.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Powers
- Duke Craniomaxillofacial Trauma Program, Division of Plastic, Reconstructive, Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, DUMC Box 2955, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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Schreuder W, Hein G, Goslings J, Kroon F, Kariem G. Poster 75: Civilian Firearm Injuries to the Face in an Urban Hospital: Demographics, Injury Pattern, Management and Outcome. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2011.06.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Sansare K, Khanna V, Karjodkar F. The role of maxillofacial radiologists in gunshot injuries: a hypothesized missile trajectory in two case reports. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2010; 40:53-9. [PMID: 21159916 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr/72527764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Gunshot injuries are an emerging form of trauma that oral radiologists increasingly have to deal with. There are two main types of gunshot injuries: high-velocity and low-velocity bullet injuries. The outcome of high-velocity gunshot injury is usually fatal; however, a non-fatal low-velocity injury to the maxillofacial region is more likely to be encountered by the oral and maxillofacial radiologist. It is therefore important to up-to-date knowledge of ballistic science and its implications in the field of maxillofacial radiology. The ability of oral and maxillofacial radiologists to predict the missile trajectory will aid the assessment and localization of the damage caused by the bullet and its splinters. Predicting the missile trajectory may also be of help to law enforcement agencies and forensic scientists in determining the type of firearm used and direction of fire. This article, which examines two cases, attempts to highlight to the oral radiologist this emerging form of trauma and its implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sansare
- Oral Medicine and Radiology, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, India.
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Bidra AS, Veeranki AN. Surgical and prosthodontic reconstruction of a gunshot injury of the mandible using dental implants and an acrylic resin fixed prosthesis: A clinical report. J Prosthet Dent 2010; 104:142-8. [PMID: 20813227 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3913(10)00120-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Avinash S Bidra
- Department of Prosthodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA.
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Chen Y, Miao Y, Xu C, Zhang G, Lei T, Tan Y. Wound ballistics of the pig mandibular angle: A preliminary finite element analysis and experimental study. J Biomech 2010; 43:1131-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2009.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2009] [Revised: 12/03/2009] [Accepted: 12/05/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Ren C, Liu R, Tian L, Chen P, Zhou S. An ultrastructural study on indirect injury of dental pulp caused by high-speed missile projectile to mandible in dogs. Dent Traumatol 2008; 24:633-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-9657.2008.00597.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Levin L, Zadik Y, Peleg K, Bigman G, Givon A, Lin S. Incidence and severity of maxillofacial injuries during the Second Lebanon War among Israeli soldiers and civilians. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2008; 66:1630-3. [PMID: 18634951 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2007.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2007] [Revised: 10/05/2007] [Accepted: 11/28/2007] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze the incidence and severity of maxillofacial injuries in the Second Lebanon War, that occurred during the summer of 2006, among Israeli soldiers and civilians. PATIENTS AND METHODS This is a retrospective cohort study of patients recorded in the Israel National Trauma Registry during the Second Lebanon War. Data refer to all general hospitals throughout the country. Data were analyzed according to the etiology of the injury, severity of trauma using the Injury Severity Score, trauma location, and duration of hospital stay. Cases with multiple injuries that included maxillofacial injuries were separated and further analyzed according to the above parameters. Patients with only dental injuries and superficial facial soft tissue lacerations were excluded because they were referred to the military dental clinics and not to general hospitals. RESULTS Maxillofacial injuries were found in 36 (6.4%) of the 565 wounded. Patients with maxillofacial injuries ranged in age from 20 to 44 years (mean age, 25.5 +/- 5.7 years). Greater than 50% of the injuries required more than 3 hospitalization days. Mortality rate of the maxillofacial injured was 2.8%. Most of the maxillofacial injuries (33; 91.7%) were combined with other organ injuries; 9 (25%) patients also had dental injuries. CONCLUSION In the Second Lebanon War, the incidence and severity of true maxillofacial injuries, without dental injuries alone, were relatively low compared with previous reports of other conflicts. However, because most injuries involved multiple organs, special attention is required when planning and providing emergency, as well as secondary and tertiary medical care to war wounded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liran Levin
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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