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Lee CJ, Lee SH, Kang BS, Park MK, Yang HW, Woo SY, Park SW, Kim DY, Jeong HH, Yang WI, Kho AR, Choi BY, Song HK, Choi HC, Kim YJ, Suh SW. Effects of L-Type Voltage-Gated Calcium Channel (LTCC) Inhibition on Hippocampal Neuronal Death after Pilocarpine-Induced Seizure. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:389. [PMID: 38671837 PMCID: PMC11047745 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy, marked by abnormal and excessive brain neuronal activity, is linked to the activation of L-type voltage-gated calcium channels (LTCCs) in neuronal membranes. LTCCs facilitate the entry of calcium (Ca2+) and other metal ions, such as zinc (Zn2+) and magnesium (Mg2+), into the cytosol. This Ca2+ influx at the presynaptic terminal triggers the release of Zn2+ and glutamate to the postsynaptic terminal. Zn2+ is then transported to the postsynaptic neuron via LTCCs. The resulting Zn2+ accumulation in neurons significantly increases the expression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase subunits, contributing to reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and neuronal death. Amlodipine (AML), typically used for hypertension and coronary artery disease, works by inhibiting LTCCs. We explored whether AML could mitigate Zn2+ translocation and accumulation in neurons, potentially offering protection against seizure-induced hippocampal neuronal death. We tested this by establishing a rat epilepsy model with pilocarpine and administering AML (10 mg/kg, orally, daily for 7 days) post-epilepsy onset. We assessed cognitive function through behavioral tests and conducted histological analyses for Zn2+ accumulation, oxidative stress, and neuronal death. Our findings show that AML's LTCC inhibition decreased excessive Zn2+ accumulation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and hippocampal neuronal death following seizures. These results suggest amlodipine's potential as a therapeutic agent in seizure management and mitigating seizures' detrimental effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Jun Lee
- Department of Physiology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea; (C.-J.L.); (S.-H.L.); (B.-S.K.); (M.-K.P.); (H.-W.Y.); (S.-Y.W.); (S.-W.P.); (D.-Y.K.); (H.-H.J.); (W.-I.Y.)
| | - Song-Hee Lee
- Department of Physiology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea; (C.-J.L.); (S.-H.L.); (B.-S.K.); (M.-K.P.); (H.-W.Y.); (S.-Y.W.); (S.-W.P.); (D.-Y.K.); (H.-H.J.); (W.-I.Y.)
| | - Beom-Seok Kang
- Department of Physiology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea; (C.-J.L.); (S.-H.L.); (B.-S.K.); (M.-K.P.); (H.-W.Y.); (S.-Y.W.); (S.-W.P.); (D.-Y.K.); (H.-H.J.); (W.-I.Y.)
| | - Min-Kyu Park
- Department of Physiology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea; (C.-J.L.); (S.-H.L.); (B.-S.K.); (M.-K.P.); (H.-W.Y.); (S.-Y.W.); (S.-W.P.); (D.-Y.K.); (H.-H.J.); (W.-I.Y.)
| | - Hyun-Wook Yang
- Department of Physiology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea; (C.-J.L.); (S.-H.L.); (B.-S.K.); (M.-K.P.); (H.-W.Y.); (S.-Y.W.); (S.-W.P.); (D.-Y.K.); (H.-H.J.); (W.-I.Y.)
| | - Seo-Young Woo
- Department of Physiology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea; (C.-J.L.); (S.-H.L.); (B.-S.K.); (M.-K.P.); (H.-W.Y.); (S.-Y.W.); (S.-W.P.); (D.-Y.K.); (H.-H.J.); (W.-I.Y.)
| | - Se-Wan Park
- Department of Physiology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea; (C.-J.L.); (S.-H.L.); (B.-S.K.); (M.-K.P.); (H.-W.Y.); (S.-Y.W.); (S.-W.P.); (D.-Y.K.); (H.-H.J.); (W.-I.Y.)
| | - Dong-Yeon Kim
- Department of Physiology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea; (C.-J.L.); (S.-H.L.); (B.-S.K.); (M.-K.P.); (H.-W.Y.); (S.-Y.W.); (S.-W.P.); (D.-Y.K.); (H.-H.J.); (W.-I.Y.)
| | - Hyun-Ho Jeong
- Department of Physiology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea; (C.-J.L.); (S.-H.L.); (B.-S.K.); (M.-K.P.); (H.-W.Y.); (S.-Y.W.); (S.-W.P.); (D.-Y.K.); (H.-H.J.); (W.-I.Y.)
| | - Won-Il Yang
- Department of Physiology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea; (C.-J.L.); (S.-H.L.); (B.-S.K.); (M.-K.P.); (H.-W.Y.); (S.-Y.W.); (S.-W.P.); (D.-Y.K.); (H.-H.J.); (W.-I.Y.)
- Department of Physical Education, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea;
| | - A-Ra Kho
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Bo-Young Choi
- Department of Physical Education, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hong-Ki Song
- Department of Neurology, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul 05355, Republic of Korea; (H.-K.S.); (Y.-J.K.)
- Hallym Institute of Epilepsy Research, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hui-Chul Choi
- Hallym Institute of Epilepsy Research, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon 24253, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeo-Jin Kim
- Department of Neurology, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul 05355, Republic of Korea; (H.-K.S.); (Y.-J.K.)
| | - Sang-Won Suh
- Department of Physiology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea; (C.-J.L.); (S.-H.L.); (B.-S.K.); (M.-K.P.); (H.-W.Y.); (S.-Y.W.); (S.-W.P.); (D.-Y.K.); (H.-H.J.); (W.-I.Y.)
- Hallym Institute of Epilepsy Research, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea;
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Dhengale SD, Naik VM, Kolekar GB, Rode CV, Anbhule PV. Solvent free, environment benign synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyridines and polyhydroquinolines by using heterogeneous Zn/MCM-41 catalyst. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-021-04473-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Nascimento VS, D'alva MS, Oliveira AA, Freitas RM, Vasconcelos SMM, Sousa FCF, Fonteles MMF. Antioxidant effect of nimodipine in young rats after pilocarpine-induced seizures. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2005; 82:11-6. [PMID: 16115668 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2005.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2005] [Revised: 07/05/2005] [Accepted: 07/07/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Nimodipine (ND) is a centrally active calcium antagonist that blocks the voltage-dependent L-type channels. Its antiepileptic properties have been proved in various animal models, including pilocarpine-induced seizures in adult rats. In order to investigate protective effects of the ND (10 (ND10) and 30 mg/kg (ND30), i.p.), young male rats (21-day-old) received ND injections before pilocarpine administration (400 mg/kg, s.c., pilocarpine group (P400)). The pretreatment with ND10 and ND30 prolonged the latencies of seizures and death on this seizure model. ND pretreatment in two doses decreased the levels of lipid peroxidation when compared to pilocarpine group. The P400 administration increased the striatal catalase activity. However, the administration of ND, in dose of 30 mg/kg, 30 min before pilocarpine, preserved catalase activity in normal levels. On the other hand, no change was detected in the animals treated with the dose of 10 mg/kg. Our results confirm the neuroprotective effect of ND on the seizures in young rats, suggesting that this drug acts positively on lipid peroxidation. Our observations shows that nimodipine cannot induces these effects via blockade of Ca(2+)-channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane S Nascimento
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará. Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo 1127, 60431-270, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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Galindo CA, Sitges M. Dihydropiridines mechanism of action in striatal isolated nerve endings: comparison with omega-agatoxin IVA. Neurochem Res 2004; 29:659-69. [PMID: 15098927 DOI: 10.1023/b:nere.0000018836.82122.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The relative contribution of Ca2+ and Na+ channels to the mechanism underlying the action of the dihydropiridines (DHPs), nimodipine, nitrendipine and nifedipine was investigated in rat striatum synaptosomes. The rise in internal Ca2+ (Ca(i), as determined with fura-2) induced by high K+ was unchanged by the DHPs, which like tetrodotoxin (TTX) inhibited both the rise in internal Na+ (Na(i), as determined with the Na+ selective indicator dye, SBFI) and the rise in Ca(i) induced by veratridine. Nimodipine and nitrendipine were much more potent than nifedipine. Oppositely to TTX and to the DHPs, the P/Q type Ca2+ channel blocker, omega-agatoxin IVA did not inhibit the rise in Ca(i) induced by veratridine, but inhibited the rise in Ca(i) induced by high K+. Veratridine-evoked release of dopamine, GABA, Glu, and Asp (detected by HPLC) was inhibited by nimodipine, nitrendipine, and TTX, while high K+-evoked release was unchanged by the DHPs or TTX. It is concluded that the reduction in presynaptic Na+ channel permeability might contribute to the cerebral effects of DHPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Galindo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, México
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Kriz J, Zupan G, Simonić A. Differential effects of dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers in kainic acid-induced experimental seizures in rats. Epilepsy Res 2003; 52:215-25. [PMID: 12536054 DOI: 10.1016/s0920-1211(02)00213-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The anticonvulsant effects of the dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers nifedipine, nicardipine and nimodipine were studied on experimental seizures induced by intra-hippocampal injection of kainic acid (KA) in chloralhydrate anesthetized Wistar rats. The rats were anesthetized and placed in a stereotaxic apparatus. After midline incision four screw electrodes were placed over the left and right frontal and parietal cortex and KA was injected into left dorsal hippocampus via 5-microliter Hamilton microsyringe. The changes in electroencephalograph (EEG) activity and EEG power spectra were recorded in basal conditions and 5, 10, 15, 30 and 60 min following KA injection. KA-induced excitatory changes in the surface EEG activity were associated with the marked increase in EEG power spectra in the frequency range from 14.5-22 Hz. Pretreatment with nifedipine, nicardipine and nimodipine revealed that they exerted certain differences in their anticonvulsant properties. Nimodipine significantly delayed the onset of seizures and prevented the KA-induced changes in EEG and in EEG power spectra in all recorded channels and in a dose dependent manner. Nifedipine exerted significant anticonvulsant effect only in channel four, while nicardipine was ineffective. Our results suggest that anticonvulsant action of some dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers, especially nimodipine may be in part independent of its antagonism on L-type voltage-gated calcium (Ca(2+)) channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasna Kriz
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20/I, 51000, Rijeka, Croatia.
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Pilitsis JG, Coplin WM, O'Regan MH, Wellwood JM, Diaz FG, Fairfax MR, Michael DB, Phillis JW. Free fatty acids in human cerebrospinal fluid following subarachnoid hemorrhage and their potential role in vasospasm: a preliminary observation. J Neurosurg 2002; 97:272-9. [PMID: 12186453 DOI: 10.3171/jns.2002.97.2.0272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT The mechanisms leading to vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) remain unclear. Accumulation in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of free fatty acids (FFAs) may play a role in the development of vasospasm; however, in no previous study have concentrations of FFAs in CSF been examined after SAH. METHODS We collected samples of CSF from 20 patients with SAH (18 cases of aneurysmal SAH and two cases of spontaneous cryptogenic SAH) and used a high-performance liquid chromatography assay to determine the FFA concentrations in these samples. We then compared these findings with FFA concentrations in the CSF of control patients. All FFA concentrations measured 24 hours after SAH were significantly greater than control concentrations (p < 0.01 for palmitic acid and < 0.001 for all other FFAs). All measured FFAs remained elevated for the first 48 hours after SAH (p < 0.05 for linoleic acid, p < 0.01 for palmitic acid, and p < 0.001 for the other FFAs). After 7 days, a second elevation in all FFAs was observed (p < 0.05 for linoleic acid, p < 0.01 for palmitic acid, and p < 0.001 for the other FFAs). Samples of CSF collected within 48 hours after SAH from patients in whom angiography and clinical examination confirmed the development of vasospasm after SAH were found to have significantly higher concentrations of arachidonic, linoleic, and palmitic acids than samples collected from patients in whom vasospasm did not develop (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Following SAH, all FFAs are initially elevated. A secondary elevation occurs between 8 and 10 days after SAH. This study provides preliminary evidence of FFA elevation following SAH and of a potential role for FFAs in SAH-induced vasospasm. A prospective study is warranted to determine if CSF concentrations of FFAs are predictive of vasospasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie G Pilitsis
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA.
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Eraković V, Zupan G, Varljen J, Laginja J, Simonić A. Lithium plus pilocarpine induced status epilepticus--biochemical changes. Neurosci Res 2000; 36:157-66. [PMID: 10711813 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-0102(99)00120-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the changes in biochemical mechanisms facilitating cellular damages in the lithium plus pilocarpine treatment and the resulting status epilepticus. The whole brain free fatty acid (FFA) level as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutamate dehydrogenase, aspartate-aminotransferase (AST), alanine-aminotransferase, gamma-glutamoyl transferase, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase in the frontal cortex, cerebellum, hippocampus and pons-medulla region of Hannover-Wistar rats were determined. The control group was intact with no previous experimental history. LiCl (125 mg/kg i.p.) was injected 20 h prior to pilocarpine (30 mg/kg i.p.) and the treated rats were sacrificed 1 or 2 1/2 h after pilocarpine administration. The results show that lithium plus pilocarpine administration and the resulting status epilepticus produced the significant increase of the brain FFA content. Decreased GPX activities were detected in the frontal cortex, cerebellum and hippocampus of the treated rats without the accompanying decrease of SOD activity. Increased AST and LDH activities were observed in the frontal cortex, increased soluble ALP activities in the frontal cortex and pons-medulla region whereas the increased activity of membrane bound ALP was detected in the hippocampus of the rats with status epilepticus. Activities of the other analysed enzymes did not change in the examined brain regions. The presented data indicate clear regional differences of biochemical changes caused by lithium plus pilocarpine treatment and the resulting status epilepticus, frontal cortex being the most affected site.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Eraković
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Rijeka, Croatia.
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