Neurovascular problems in the forearm, wrist, and hand

The Hand in Sports: An Update on the Clinical Anatomy and Physical Examination

The hand plays an important role in the athlete's ability to compete, and there is a tendency to misdiagnose and undertreat these injuries. Thus,a detailed anatomic understanding and a timely and accurate diagnosis through a thorough physical examination are critical to guide the treatment and return of normal function of the hand.

The Wrist: Clinical Anatomy and Physical Examination—an Update

A pain-free, functional wrist joint is critical to many sporting and vocational activities. Assessing the painful wrist requires knowledge of common injury patterns and frequently seen conditions. The primary care physician with an understanding of basic wrist anatomy and biomechanics and a systematic approach to assessing the wrist will be more comfortable and effective with diagnosing and managing the athletically injured wrist.

Nerve injuries of the elbow, wrist, and hand in athletes

Upper extremity compression neuropathies are fairly rare in athletes. Initially, most can be managed conservatively. These conditions can follow direct contusion of the tissues that overlay these peripheral nerves or can result from vigorous, repetitive, athletic activity leading to tissue swelling and ischemia with nerve compression symptoms. A complete history and physical examination, including a neurologic examination, should be paramount when treating athletes with upper extremity injuries. Early diagnosis and treatment with conservative measures such as splinting, rest, activity modification, and medications can afford the athlete an earlier return to sports. Surgery can be employed when conservative treatment fails and a specific diagnosis has been ascertained.