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Zheng N, Liu X, Yang Y, Liu Y, Yan F, Zeng Y, Cheng Y, Wu D, Chen C, Wang X. Regulatory roles of NAT10 in airway epithelial cell function and metabolism in pathological conditions. Cell Biol Toxicol 2023; 39:1237-1256. [PMID: 35877022 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-022-09743-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
N-acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10), a nuclear acetyltransferase and a member of the GNAT family, plays critical roles in RNA stability and translation processes as well as cell proliferation. Little is known about regulatory effects of NAT10 in lung epithelial cell proliferation. We firstly investigated NTA10 mRNA expression in alveolar epithelial types I and II, basal, ciliated, club, and goblet/mucous epithelia from heathy and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, lung adenocarcinoma, para-tumor tissue, and systemic sclerosis, respectively. We selected A549 cells for representative of alveolar epithelia or H1299 and H460 cells as airway epithelia with different genetic backgrounds and studied dynamic responses of NAT10-down-regulated epithelia to high temperature, lipopolysaccharide, cigarette smoking extract (CSE), drugs, radiation, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors at various doses. We also compared transcriptomic profiles between alveolar and airway epithelia, between cells with or without NAT10 down-regulation, between early and late stages, and between challenges. The present study demonstrated that NAT10 expression increased in human lung epithelia and varied among epithelial types, challenges, and diseases. Knockdown of NAT10 altered epithelial mitochondrial functions, dynamic responses to LPS, CSE, or PI3K inhibitors, and transcriptomic phenomes. NAT10 regulates biological phenomes, and behaviors are more complex and are dependent upon multiple signal pathways. Thus, NAT10-associated signal pathways can be a new alternative for understanding the disease and developing new biomarkers and targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Zheng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Jinshan Hospital Centre for Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Department of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuanqi Liu
- Jinshan Hospital Centre for Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Department of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Jinshan Hospital Centre for Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Department of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifei Liu
- Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Therapy, The Second Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Furong Yan
- Jinshan Hospital Centre for Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Department of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
- Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Therapy, The Second Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yiming Zeng
- Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Therapy, The Second Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China.
| | - Yunfeng Cheng
- Jinshan Hospital Centre for Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Department of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Duojiao Wu
- Jinshan Hospital Centre for Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Department of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China.
| | - Chengshui Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
- Quzhou Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Xiangdong Wang
- Jinshan Hospital Centre for Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Department of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China.
- Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Therapy, The Second Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China.
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Shimada T, Murayama N, Yamazaki H, Tanaka K, Takenaka S, Komori M, Kim D, Guengerich FP. Metabolic activation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and aryl and heterocyclic amines by human cytochromes P450 2A13 and 2A6. Chem Res Toxicol 2013; 26:529-37. [PMID: 23432465 DOI: 10.1021/tx3004906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Human cytochrome P450 (P450) 2A13 was found to interact with several polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to produce Type I binding spectra, including acenaphthene, acenaphthylene, benzo[c]phenanthrene, fluoranthene, fluoranthene-2,3-diol, and 1-nitropyrene. P450 2A6 also interacted with acenaphthene and acenaphthylene, but not with fluoranthene, fluoranthene-2,3-diol, or 1-nitropyrene. P450 1B1 is well-known to oxidize many carcinogenic PAHs, and we found that several PAHs (i.e., 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-5,6-diol, benzo[c]phenanthrene, fluoranthene, fluoranthene-2,3-diol, 5-methylchrysene, benz[a]pyrene-4,5-diol, benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-diol, 1-nitropyrene, 2-aminoanthracene, 2-aminofluorene, and 2-acetylaminofluorene) interacted with P450 1B1, producing Reverse Type I binding spectra. Metabolic activation of PAHs and aryl- and heterocyclic amines to genotoxic products was examined in Salmonella typhimurium NM2009, and we found that P450 2A13 and 2A6 (as well as P450 1B1) were able to activate several of these procarcinogens. The former two enzymes were particularly active in catalyzing 2-aminofluorene and 2-aminoanthracene activation, and molecular docking simulations supported the results with these procarcinogens, in terms of binding in the active sites of P450 2A13 and 2A6. These results suggest that P450 2A enzymes, as well as P450 Family 1 enzymes including P450 1B1, are major enzymes involved in activating PAHs and aryl- and heterocyclic amines, as well as tobacco-related nitrosamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Shimada
- Department of Biochemistry and Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0146, United States
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Ip SW, Lan SH, Lu HF, Huang AC, Yang JS, Lin JP, Huang HY, Lien JC, Ho CC, Chiu CF, Wood W, Chung JG. Capsaicin mediates apoptosis in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma NPC-TW 039 cells through mitochondrial depolarization and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Hum Exp Toxicol 2011; 31:539-49. [PMID: 21859781 DOI: 10.1177/0960327111417269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Capsaicin, a pungent compound found in hot chili peppers, has been reported to have antitumor activities in many human cancer cell lines, but the induction of precise apoptosis signaling pathway in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells is unclear. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanisms of capsaicin-induced apoptosis in human NPC, NPC-TW 039, cells. Effects of capsaicin involved endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, caspase-3 activation and mitochondrial depolarization. Capsaicin-induced cytotoxic effects (cell death) through G0/G1 phase arrest and induction of apoptosis of NPC-TW 039 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Capsaicin treatment triggered ER stress by promoting the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), increasing levels of inositol-requiring 1 enzyme (IRE1), growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible 153 (GADD153) and glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78). Other effects included an increase in cytosolic Ca(2+), loss of the mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨ(m)), releases of cytochrome c and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), and activation of caspase-9 and -3. Furthermore, capsaicin induced increases in the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and abundance of apoptosis-related protein levels. These results suggest that ER stress- and mitochondria-mediated cell death is involved in capsaicin-induced apoptosis in NPC-TW 039 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-W Ip
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Lu HF, Chen YL, Yang JS, Yang YY, Liu JY, Hsu SC, Lai KC, Chung JG. Antitumor activity of capsaicin on human colon cancer cells in vitro and colo 205 tumor xenografts in vivo. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:12999-13005. [PMID: 21082859 DOI: 10.1021/jf103335w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Capsaicin was reported to inhibit cancer cell growth. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antitumor potential of capsaicin by studying antitumor activity in vitro as well as in vivo. The in vitro studies are to examine the effects of capsaicin on human colon cancer colo 205 cells after exposure to capsaicin. The results showed that capsaicin induced cytotoxic effects in a time- and dose-dependent manner and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Ca(2+) but decreased the level of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ(m)) in colo 205 cells. Data from Western blotting analysis indicated that the levels of Fas, cytochrome c, and caspases were increased, leading to cell apoptosis. Capsaicin decreased the levels of anti-apoptotic proteins such as Bcl-2 and increased the levels of pro-apoptotic proteins such as Bax. Capsaicin-induced apoptosis in colo 205 cells was also done through the activations of caspase-8, -9 and -3. In vivo studies in immunodeficient nu/nu mice bearing colo 205 tumor xenografts showed that capsaicin effectively inhibited tumor growth. The potent in vitro and in vivo antitumor activities of capsaicin suggest that capsaicin might be developed for the treatment of human colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsu-Feng Lu
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
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Wu LT, Tsou MF, Ho CC, Chuang JY, Kuo HM, Chung JG. Berberine inhibits arylamine N-acetyltransferase activity and gene expression in Salmonella typhi. Curr Microbiol 2005; 51:255-61. [PMID: 16086103 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-005-4569-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2005] [Accepted: 04/08/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The effects of berberine on growth, arylamine N-acetyltransferase (NAT) activity, and gene expression in Salmonella Typhi (Typhi) were described. The growth inhibition of Typhi was determined by measuring absorbance by optical density (OD at 650 nm). The NAT activity was determined by measuring the levels of 2-aminofluorene (AF) and N-acetyl-2-aminofluorene (AAF) by high-performance liquid chromatography. The results demonstrated that 24-h berberine treatment decreased bacteria growth and amounts of AAF in Typhi. Western blotting and flow cytometry were used for examining the levels of NAT after bacteria were cotreated with or without various concentrations of berberine, and results indicated that berberine decreased the levels of NAT in Typhi. Polymerase chain reaction was used for examining the gene expression of NAT (mRNA NAT), and results indicated that berberine affects mRNA NAT1 expression in Typhi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lii-Tzu Wu
- Department of Microbiology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Lu KH, Lue KH, Hsia TC, Chou MC, Lin KL, Chung JG. Oral administration of paclitaxel affects the distribution and metabolism of 2-aminofluorene in various tissues of Sprague-Dawley rats. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2005; 12:577-87. [PMID: 16121518 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2004.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the question of whether or not paclitaxel affects the distribution and metabolism of chemical carcinogens such as 2-aminofluorene (AF) on Sprague-Dawley rats were examined. The AF, acetylated AF and AF metabolites were determined and examined by using high performance liquid chromatography. After having received AF only, AF with paclitaxel at the same time and paclitaxel pretreated for 24 h then treated with AF for 24 h, urine, stool and tissues such as liver, kidneys, stomach, colon, bladder and blood were collected and assayed for AF and its metabolites. Compared to the control group, paclitaxel caused an increase of the metabolites excreted in urine and stool. The major metabolite excreted in urine and stool was 9-OH-AAF. The liver is the major metabolism center and the major residual metabolite of AF in the liver was also 9-OH-AAF.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Lu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Chung JG, Lu HF, Yeh CC, Cheng KC, Lin SS, Lee JH. Inhibition of N-acetyltransferase activity and gene expression in human colon cancer cell lines by diallyl sulfide. Food Chem Toxicol 2004; 42:195-202. [PMID: 14667466 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2003.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Diallyl sulfide (DAS) is one of the major components of garlic (Allium sativum) and is widely used in the world for food. In this study, DAS was selected for testing the inhibition of arylamine N-acetyltransferase (NAT) activity (N-acetylation of 2-aminofluorene) and gene expression (mRNA NAT) in human colon cancer cell lines (colo 205, colo 320 DM and colo 320 HSR). The NAT activity was examined by high performance liquid chromatography and indicated that a 24 h DAS treatment decreases N-acetylation of 2-aminofluorene in three colon (colo 205, 320 DM and colo 320 HSR) cancer cell lines. The NAT enzymes (protein) were analyzed by western blotting and flow cytometry and it indicated that DAS decreased the levels of NAT in three colon (colo 205, 320 DM and colo 320 HSR) cancer cell lines. The gene expression of NAT (mRNAT NAT) was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), it was shown that DAS affect mRNA NAT expression in examined human colon cancer cell lines. This report is the first to demonstrate that DAS does inhibit human colon cancer cell NAT activity and gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Chung
- Department of Microbiology, China Medical University, No 91 Hsueh-Shih road, 400 Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Chen YS, Ho CC, Cheng KC, Tyan YS, Hung CF, Tan TW, Chung JG. Curcumin inhibited the arylamines N-acetyltransferase activity, gene expression and DNA adduct formation in human lung cancer cells (A549). Toxicol In Vitro 2003; 17:323-33. [PMID: 12781211 DOI: 10.1016/s0887-2333(03)00020-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that N-acetyltransferase (NAT) plays an important role in the arylamine metabolism. We analysed the response of A549 human lung cancer cells for N-acetylation of 2-aminofluorene (AF) to curcumin. After curcumin treatment, the NAT activity was examined by HPLC, AF-DNA adduct formation was examined by HPLC, and NAT gene expression by polymerase chain reaction were detected. The NAT activity in the human A549 cells and cytosols was suppressed by curcumin in a dose-dependent manner. The results also demonstrated that gene expression (NAT1 mRNA) in human lung A549 tumor cells was inhibited and decreased by curcumin. After the incubation of human lung A549 tumor cells with AF with or without curcumin co-treatment, the cells were recovered and DNA was prepared and hydrolyzed to nucleotides. The adducted nucleotides were extracted into butanol and analyzation of AF-DNA adducts was done by HPLC. The results also demonstrated that curcumin decreases AF-DNA adduct formation in the human lung A549 tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Chen
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical College, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, 404, ROC, Taichung, Taiwan
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Yang CC, Chen GW, Lu HF, Wang DY, Chen YS, Chung JG. Paclitaxel (taxol) inhibits the arylamine N-acetyltransferase activity and gene expression (mRNA NAT1) and 2-aminofluorene-DNA adduct formation in human bladder carcinoma cells (T24 and TSGH 8301). PHARMACOLOGY & TOXICOLOGY 2003; 92:287-94. [PMID: 12787261 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0773.2003.920606.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Acetylator polymorphism in man results from differential expression of human liver N-acetyltransferase. N-Acetyltransferase enzyme activity has been demonstrated to be involved in some types of chemical carcinogenesis. Paclitaxel (taxol) had been shown to affect N-acetyltransferase activity of human lung cancer cells. In this study, paclitaxel was chosen to investigate the effects of arylamine N-acetyltransferase activity (N-acetylation of substrate), gene expression and 2-aminofluorene-DNA adduct formation in human bladder carcinoma cell lines (T24 and TSGH 8301). The N-acetyltransferase activity (N-acetylation of substrates) was determined by high performance liquid chromatography assaying for the amounts of acetylated 2-aminofluorene and p-aminobenzoic acid and nonacetylated 2-aminofluorene and p-aminobenzoic acid. Intact human bladder carcinoma T24 and TSGH 8301 cells were used for examining N-acetyltransferase activity, gene expression and 2-aminofluorene-DNA adduct formation. The results demonstrated that the N-acetyltransferase activity, gene expression (NAT1 mRNA) and 2-aminofluorene-DNA adduct formation in intact human bladder carcinoma cells were inhibited and decreased by paclitaxel in a dose-dependent manner. The effects of paclitaxel on the apparent values of Km and Vmax of N-acetyltransferase enzyme from intact human bladder carcinoma cells were also determined in these cell lines. A marked influence of paclitaxel was observed on the decreasing apparent values of Km and Vmax from intact human bladder carcinoma cells (T24 and TSGH 8301). Thus, paclitaxel is an uncompetitive inhibitor to the NAT enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Chiang Yang
- Department of Urology, China Medical College Hospital, No. 2, Yuh-Der Road,Taichung 404, Taiwan, Republic of China
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