[Gain, loss and agreement between respiratory specialists and generalists in the diagnosis of asthma]

ERS/EAACI statement on adherence to international adult asthma guidelines

Guidelines aim to standardise and optimise asthma diagnosis and management. Nevertheless, adherence to guidelines is suboptimal and may vary across different healthcare professional (HCP) groups.Further to these concerns, this European Respiratory Society (ERS)/European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) statement aims to: 1) evaluate the understanding of and adherence to international asthma guidelines by HCPs of different specialties via an international online survey; and 2) assess strategies focused at improving implementation of guideline-recommended interventions, and compare process and clinical outcomes in patients managed by HCPs of different specialties via systematic reviews.The online survey identified discrepancies between HCPs of different specialties which may be due to poor dissemination or lack of knowledge of the guidelines but also a reflection of the adaptations made in different clinical settings, based on available resources. The systematic reviews demonstrated that multifaceted quality improvement initiatives addressing multiple challenges to guidelines adherence are most effective in improving guidelines adherence. Differences in outcomes between patients managed by generalists or specialists should be further evaluated.Guidelines need to consider the heterogeneity of real-life settings for asthma management and tailor their recommendations accordingly. Continuous, multifaceted quality improvement processes are required to optimise and maintain guidelines adherence. Validated referral pathways for uncontrolled asthma or uncertain diagnosis are needed.

Asthma-associated comorbidities in children with and without secondhand smoke exposure

BACKGROUND

Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure is known to trigger asthma, but asthma disease severity and comorbidities in children exposed to SHS are not very well quantified.

OBJECTIVE

To identify comorbidities and understand health care usage in children with asthma exposed to SHS (cases) compared with children with asthma but without SHS exposure (controls).

METHODS

A retrospective nested matched case-and-control study was conducted with children 5 to 18 years old who were enrolled in the Pediatric Asthma Management Program. Pulmonary function testing (spirometry, methacholine challenges, and exhaled nitric oxide) and body mass index were reviewed. Influenza vaccination rates, oral steroid usage, emergency department visits, and hospitalizations were assessed. Network analysis of the 2 groups also was conducted to evaluate for any associations between the variables.

RESULTS

Cases had significantly higher body mass index percentiles (>75%, odds ratio [OR] 1.64, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.22-2.2, P = .001). Cases were less likely to have had a methacholine challenge (OR 0.49, 95% CI 0.36-0.68, P < .001) and an exhaled nitric oxide (OR 0.6, 95% CI 0.37-0.97, P = .04) performed than controls. The ratio of forced expiration volume in 1 second to forced vital capacity and forced expiration volume in 1 second were lower in cases than in controls (P < .05). Cases were less likely to have received an influenza vaccination (OR 0.61, 95% CI 0.45-0.82, P = .001) than controls. Unsupervised multivariable network analysis suggested a lack of discrete and unique subgroups between cases and controls.

CONCLUSION

Children with asthma exposed to SHS are more likely to have comorbid conditions such as obesity, more severe asthma, and less health care usage than those not exposed to SHS. Smoking cessation interventions and addressing health disparities could be crucial in this vulnerable population.

Predictors of the persistence of childhood asthma

BACKGROUND

The factors relevant to the prognosis of childhood asthma differ from one population to another.

OBJECTIVES

To characterize the course of childhood asthma in the catchment area of our hospital, and to identify prognostic factors for this population.

METHODS

All children given a diagnosis of asthma in the paediatric pulmonology service of a tertiary hospital were followed up for 5 years.

RESULTS

Satisfactory control of asthma was achieved in 69 % of cases. The factors identified as associated with poor control were allergy to cats and pollen, a large number of crises in the year prior to diagnosis, and younger age at onset.

CONCLUSIONS

In our region, childhood asthma has a relatively favourable prognosis. The subsequent course of the disease appears to be determined in childhood. The persistence of symptoms appears to depend to a significant extent on the degree of atopy.

[Primary care physicians' and patients' degree of satisfaction with a new respiratory medicine health care program]

BACKGROUND

No ideal model for coordinating primary care and specialized respiratory medicine has been established.

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate primary care physicians' and patients' degree of satisfaction with a new program for coordinating respiratory medicine and primary care.

METHOD

A questionnaire survey of the level of satisfaction with a program combining consultation and direct patient care. The study was carried out at a primary care facility whose staff comprised 31 general practitioners. The respiratory medicine staff consisted of one physician and two nurses from the reference hospital. A questionnaire to determine the physicians' and patients' satisfaction with the program asked for a) overall evaluation on a scale of 0 to 10; b) evaluation on a scale naming five levels from "very bad" to "very good", and c) comparison of the new program with previous ones.

RESULTS

One thousand one hundred seventy patients were seen in 12 months; 663 (57%) received a first visit, 400 (34%) received a second visit, and 107 (9%) received emergency care. The level of satisfaction was 7.8 (1.2) among physicians and 8.7 (1.5) among patients (p = 0.030); 97% of the physicians and 94% of the patients described the program as "very good" or "good". According to 100% of the physicians and 64% of the patients, the new program was better than the old one (p = 0.110).

CONCLUSIONS

The coordinated care plan proposed is accepted by most physicians and patients and uses primary respiratory medicine resources more efficiently.