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Zhao ML, Wang JX, Bian XK, Zhang J, Han YW, Xu SX, Lee SC, Zhao JZ. Hexavalent chromium causes centrosome amplification by inhibiting the binding between TMOD2 and NPM2. Toxicol Lett 2023; 380:12-22. [PMID: 36963620 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2023.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hexavalent chromium can promote centrosome amplification (CA) as well as tumorigenesis. Since CA can lead to tumorigenesis, it is plausible that the chromium promotes the development of cancer via CA. In the present study, we investigated the signaling pathways of the chromium-induced CA. RESULTS Our results showed that sub-toxic concentration of chromium was able to cause CA in HCT116 cells, and decrease the expression of TMOD2 and NPM2. Furthermore, TMOD2 and NPM2 interacted to each other via their C-terminal and the N-terminal, respectively, which was inhibited by the chromium. Overexpression of TMOD2 and NPM2 increased their binding and significantly attenuated the CA. Moreover, TMOD2 and NPM2 were co-localized with the centrosomes. The chromium inhibited the centrosomeal localization of NPM2, which was reversed by the overexpression of TMOD2, C-terminal of TMOD2, but not the N-terminal of NPM2. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the chromium induces CA via inhibiting the binding between TMOD2 and NPM2 as well as the dissociation of NPM2 from centrosomes. AVAILABILITY OF DATA AND MATERIALS The data and materials are available from the corresponding authors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Lu Zhao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Jiangsu 221112, PR China
| | - Jia Xin Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Jiangsu 221112, PR China
| | - Xue Kai Bian
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Jiangsu 221112, PR China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Jiangsu 221112, PR China
| | - Ya Wen Han
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Jiangsu 221112, PR China
| | - Si Xian Xu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Jiangsu 221112, PR China
| | - Shao Chin Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Jiangsu 221112, PR China.
| | - Ji Zhong Zhao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Jiangsu 221112, PR China.
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2
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Ke T, Santamaria A, Barbosa F, Rocha JBT, Skalny AV, Tinkov AA, Bowman AB, Aschner M. Developmental Methylmercury Exposure Induced and Age-Dependent Glutamatergic Neurotoxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:920-928. [PMID: 36385214 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03816-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Developmental methylmercury (MeHg) exposures cause latent neurotoxic effects in adults; however, the mechanisms underlying the latent neurotoxicity are not fully understood. In the current study, we used C. elegans as an animal model to investigate the latent neurotoxic effects of developmental MeHg exposures on glutamatergic neurons. The young larvae stage 1 worms were exposed to MeHg (0.05 ~ 5 µM) for 48 h. The morphological and behavioral endpoints of glutamatergic neurons were compared when worms reached to adult stages including the young adult stage (day 1 adult) and the old adult stage (day 10 adult). Here, we showed that C. elegans glutamatergic neurons were morphologically intact following low or medium MeHg exposures (0.05 ~ 0.5 µM). The morphological damage of glutamatergic neurons appeared to be pronounced in day 10 adults developmentally exposed to 5 µM MeHg. Behavioral assays also showed an age-dependent latent effect of MeHg. In the nose touch response assay, only day 10 adult worms exhibited a functional decline following prior 5 µM MeHg exposure. Moreover, the disruption of NaCl memory appeared only in day 1 adults following MeHg exposures but not in day 10 adults. The expression of C. elegans homologs of mammalian vesicular glutamate transporter (eat-4) was repressed in day 1 adults, while the glutamate receptor homolog (glr-1) was upregulated in day 10 adults with 5 µM MeHg. In the comparison of age-dependent changes in the insulin-like pathway (daf-2/age-1/daf-16) following MeHg exposures, we showed that the daf-2/age-1/daf-16 pathway was mobilized in day 1 adults but repressed in day 10 adults. Collectively, our data supports a conclusion that MeHg-induced glutamatergic neurotoxicity exhibits an age-dependent pattern, possibly related to the prominent changes in age-dependent modulation in the glutamatergic neurotransmission and metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Ke
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Abel Santamaria
- Laboratorio de Aminoácidos Excitadores/Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología Molecular y Nanotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, 14269, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fernando Barbosa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-900, Brazil
| | - João B T Rocha
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105900, Brazil
| | - Anatoly V Skalny
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey A Tinkov
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
- Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia
| | - Aaron B Bowman
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2051, USA
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
- , Forchheimer Building, Room 209, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
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Methylmercury, Trace Metals, Organotins and Their Effects on the Qatari Mangrove Shrimp, Palaemon khori. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse10070843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The Qatari mangroves of Al-Khor are being increasingly exposed to a wide variety of anthropogenic pollutants due to land reclamation and urban expansion. In this study, we evaluated the lethal and genotoxic effects of methylmercury, trace metals, and organotins, assessing mortality and aneuploidy levels (abnormal number of chromosomes) in the endemic shrimp Palaemon khori under laboratory conditions. In the experimental design, two different concentrations were used for each family of contaminant (single or combined): an environmental concentration equivalent to the maximum value reported in the environment and a value ten times higher, for a period of eight weeks. Survival decreased significantly when pollutants were administrated in combination, even at environmental concentrations (as shown by Cox proportional hazards ratios): similar levels of mortality would be reached by individual type of pollutants only at ten times the environmental concentration. This critical result, under controlled lab conditions, highlights the importance of monitoring mixtures of contaminant types over single ones in the marine environment. Aneuploidy was reported in all treatments and control ranging from 5% to 19% at week four and from 7% to 21% at week eight. All treatments presented significantly higher aneuploidy levels when compared to the control. However, no significant difference was observed between the two time periods, even though 30% of the treatments could not be assessed at week eight, as not enough animals were still alive. In conclusion, the use of endemic species should be considered a valuable tool to determine local perturbations, representing a regional bioindicator of multiple environmental stressors from the initial stages of contamination.
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Hernández-Fernández J, Pinzón-Velasco A, López EA, Rodríguez-Becerra P, Mariño-Ramírez L. Transcriptional Analyses of Acute Exposure to Methylmercury on Erythrocytes of Loggerhead Sea Turtle. TOXICS 2021; 9:70. [PMID: 33805397 PMCID: PMC8066450 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9040070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
To understand changes in enzyme activity and gene expression as biomarkers of exposure to methylmercury, we exposed loggerhead turtle erythrocytes (RBCs) to concentrations of 0, 1, and 5 mg L-1 of MeHg and de novo transcriptome were assembled using RNA-seq. The analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) indicated that 79 unique genes were dysregulated (39 upregulated and 44 downregulated genes). The results showed that MeHg altered gene expression patterns as a response to the cellular stress produced, reflected in cell cycle regulation, lysosomal activity, autophagy, calcium regulation, mitochondrial regulation, apoptosis, and regulation of transcription and translation. The analysis of DEGs showed a low response of the antioxidant machinery to MeHg, evidenced by the fact that genes of early response to oxidative stress were not dysregulated. The RBCs maintained a constitutive expression of proteins that represented a good part of the defense against reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by MeHg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Hernández-Fernández
- Department of Natural and Environmental Science, Marine Biology Program, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Genetics, Molecular Biology and Bioinformatic Research Group–GENBIMOL, Jorge Tadeo Lozano University, Cra. 4 No 22-61, Bogotá 110311, Colombia;
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Calle 45, Cra. 7, Bogotá 110231, Colombia
| | - Andrés Pinzón-Velasco
- Bioinformática y Biología de Sistemas, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Calle 45, Cra. 30, Bogotá 111321, Colombia;
| | - Ellie Anne López
- IDEASA Research Group-Environment and Sustainability, Institute of Environmental Studies and Services, Sergio Arboleda University, Bogotá 111711, Colombia;
| | - Pilar Rodríguez-Becerra
- Department of Natural and Environmental Science, Marine Biology Program, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Genetics, Molecular Biology and Bioinformatic Research Group–GENBIMOL, Jorge Tadeo Lozano University, Cra. 4 No 22-61, Bogotá 110311, Colombia;
| | - Leonardo Mariño-Ramírez
- NCBI, NLM, NIH Computational Biology Branch, Building 38A, Room 6S614M 8600 Rockville Pike, MSC 6075, Bethesda, MD 20894-6075, USA;
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Gutiérrez J, Baraibar AM, Albiñana E, Velasco P, Solís JM, Hernández-Guijo JM. Methylmercury reduces synaptic transmission and neuronal excitability in rat hippocampal slices. Pflugers Arch 2018; 470:1221-1230. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-018-2144-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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6
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Rossnerova A, Honkova K, Pavlikova J, Skalicka ZF, Havrankova R, Solansky I, Rossner P, Sram RJ, Zölzer F. Mapping the factors affecting the frequency and types of micronuclei in an elderly population from Southern Bohemia. Mutat Res 2016; 793-794:32-40. [PMID: 27810620 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Revised: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The micronucleus assay is one of the most common methods used to assess chromosomal damage (losses or breaks) in human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) in genetic toxicology. Most studies have focused on analyzing total micronuclei (MN), but identifying the content of MN can provide more detailed information. The main aim of this study was to map the factors affecting the frequency and types of micronuclei in binucleated cells (BNC) in elderly population. Fluorescence in situ hybridization using Human Pan Centromeric Chromosome Paint was used to identify centromere positive (CEN+) or centromere negative (CEN-) MN. A group of 95 men from Southern Bohemia, Czech Republic (average age 68.0±6.8 years) was followed repeatedly, in spring and fall 2014. The study participants were former workers of the uranium plant "MAPE Mydlovary" (processing uranium ore from 1962 to 1991), and controls. The general profile of individual types of MN, and the effect of the season, former uranium exposure, age, smoking status, weight, and X-ray examination on the level and type of MN were analyzed. The results of this study showed: (i) a stable profile of BNC with MN based on the number of MN during two seasons; (ii) an increase of the number of CEN+ MN from spring to fall; (iii) a lower frequency of the total MN in the exposed group than in controls with a significant difference in the percentage of aberrant cells (%AB.C.) in the fall; (iv) no clear effect of age, smoking and BMI on DNA damage in this group; (v) lower DNA damage levels in former uranium workers who received X-ray examination later in life. In summary, the results indicate a trend of seasonal changes of individual types of MN and suggest that former exposure can have a protective effect on the level of DNA damage in case of future exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Rossnerova
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Nanotoxicology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague 4, Czechia.
| | - Katerina Honkova
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Nanotoxicology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague 4, Czechia
| | - Jitka Pavlikova
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Nanotoxicology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague 4, Czechia
| | - Zuzana Freitinger Skalicka
- Institute of Radiology, Toxicology and Civil Protection, University of South Bohemia, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czechia
| | - Renata Havrankova
- Institute of Radiology, Toxicology and Civil Protection, University of South Bohemia, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czechia
| | - Ivo Solansky
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Nanotoxicology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague 4, Czechia
| | - Pavel Rossner
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Nanotoxicology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague 4, Czechia
| | - Radim J Sram
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Nanotoxicology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague 4, Czechia
| | - Friedo Zölzer
- Institute of Radiology, Toxicology and Civil Protection, University of South Bohemia, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czechia
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Cosenza MR, Krämer A. Centrosome amplification, chromosomal instability and cancer: mechanistic, clinical and therapeutic issues. Chromosome Res 2016; 24:105-26. [PMID: 26645976 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-015-9505-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Centrosomes, the main microtubule-organizing centers in most animal cells, are of crucial importance for the assembly of a bipolar mitotic spindle and subsequent faithful segregation of chromosomes into two daughter cells. Centrosome abnormalities can be found in virtually all cancer types and have been linked to chromosomal instability (CIN) and tumorigenesis. Although our knowledge on centrosome structure, replication, and amplification has greatly increased within recent years, still only very little is known on nature, causes, and consequences of centrosome aberrations in primary tumor tissues. In this review, we summarize our current insights into the mechanistic link between centrosome aberrations, aneuploidy, CIN and tumorigenesis. Mechanisms of induction and cellular consequences of aneuploidy, tetraploidization and CIN, as well as origin and effects of supernumerary centrosomes will be discussed. In addition, animal models for both CIN and centrosome amplification will be outlined. Finally, we describe approaches to exploit centrosome amplification, aneuploidy and CIN for novel and specific anticancer treatment strategies based on the modulation of chromosome missegregation rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Raffaele Cosenza
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Molecular Hematology/Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alwin Krämer
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Molecular Hematology/Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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8
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Maiato H, Logarinho E. Mitotic spindle multipolarity without centrosome amplification. Nat Cell Biol 2014; 16:386-94. [DOI: 10.1038/ncb2958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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9
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Fuentes-Antrás J, Osorio-Martínez E, Ramírez-Torres M, Colmena I, Fernández-Morales JC, Hernández-Guijo JM. Methylmercury decreases cellular excitability by a direct blockade of sodium and calcium channels in bovine chromaffin cells: an integrative study. Pflugers Arch 2013; 465:1727-40. [PMID: 23821297 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-013-1311-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 06/02/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Methylmercury, a potent environmental pollutant responsible for fatal food poisoning, blocked calcium channels of bovine chromaffin cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner with an IC50 of 0.93 μM. This blockade was not reversed upon wash-out and was greater at more depolarising holding potentials (i.e. 21 % at -110 mV and 60 % at -50 mV, after 3 min perfusion with methylmercury). In ω-toxins-sensitive calcium channels, methylmercury caused a higher blockade of I Ba than in ω-toxins-resistant ones, in which a lower blockade was detected. The sodium current was also blocked by acute application of methylmercury in a time- and concentration-dependent manner with an IC50 of 1.05 μM. The blockade was not reversed upon wash-out of the drug. The drug inhibited sodium current at all test potentials and shows a shift of the I-V curve to the left of about 10 mV. Intracellular dialysis with methylmercury caused no blockade of calcium or sodium channels. Voltage-dependent potassium current was not affected by methylmercury. Calcium- and voltage-dependent potassium current was also drastically depressed. This blockade was related to the prevention of Ca(2+) influx through voltage-dependent calcium channels coupled to BK channels. Under current-clamp conditions, the blockade of ionic current present during the generation and termination of action potentials led to a drastic alteration of cellular excitability. The application of methylmercury greatly reduced the shape and the number of electrically evoked action potentials. Taken together, these results point out that the neurotoxic action evoked by methylmercury may be associated to alteration of cellular excitability by blocking ionic currents responsible for the generation and termination of action potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Fuentes-Antrás
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Av. Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain
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10
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Zacharaki P, Stephanou G, Demopoulos NA. Comparison of the aneugenic properties of nocodazole, paclitaxel and griseofulvin in vitro. Centrosome defects and alterations in protein expression profiles. J Appl Toxicol 2012; 33:869-79. [PMID: 22431130 DOI: 10.1002/jat.2745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2011] [Revised: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We have comparatively investigated the aneugenic activity of two anticancer drugs, nocodazole (NOC) and paclitaxel (PTX), and the antifungal griseofulvin with promising role in cancer treatment (GF), which affect microtubule dynamics in different ways. The comparison was achieved in HFFF2 human fibroblasts, MCF-7 human breast cancer cells and C2C12 mouse myoblasts, and focused on three issues: (i) induction of chromosome delay by estimation of MN frequency using CREST analysis; (ii) disturbance of spindle organization with Aurora-A/β-tubulin immunofluorescence; and (iii) alterations in the expression of Aurora-A, β- and γ-tubulin by western blotting. They induced chromosome delay, provoked metaphase arrest and promoted microtubule disorganization, reflecting their common characteristic of generating aneuploidy. In particular, NOC induced mainly monopolar metaphases, although PTX induced only multipolar metaphases. GF generated different types of abnormal metaphases, exhibiting cell specificity. Additionally, NOC decreased the expression of Aurora-A and β-tubulin, while the opposite held true for PTX and GF. γ-Tubulin expression was not modulated owing to NOC treatment, whereas PTX and GF increased γ-tubulin expression. Our findings throw a light on the manifestation of the aneugenicity of the studied compounds through centrosome proliferation/separation and protein expression, reflecting their different effects on microtubule dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polyxeni Zacharaki
- Division of Genetics, Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26 500, Patras, Greece
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Abstract
Exposure to toxic and carcinogenic metals is widespread; however, their mechanisms of action remain largely unknown. One potential mechanism for metal-induced carcinogenicity and toxicity is centrosome amplification. Here we review the mechanisms for metal-induced centrosome amplification, including arsenic, chromium, mercury and nano-titanium dioxide.
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Abstract
Aneuploidy has recently been proposed as an initiating event for carcinogenesis. There is significant evidence that carcinogenic metals induce aneuploidy. Here we review the mechanisms for how carcinogenic metals may induce aneuploidy and the evidence that carcinogenic metals induce an aneugenic effect which can destabilize the genome leading to genomic instability and cancer.
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Hu E, Fu J, Zhao P, Yao B, Qi Y, Yuan Z, Zhou Z. Diethyl sulfate induced Cdk2-dependent centrosome amplification in CHL cells. Toxicology 2010; 275:58-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2010.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2010] [Revised: 05/31/2010] [Accepted: 06/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Holmes AL, Wise SS, Pelsue SC, Aboueissa AM, Lingle W, Salisbury J, Gallagher J, Wise JP. Chronic exposure to zinc chromate induces centrosome amplification and spindle assembly checkpoint bypass in human lung fibroblasts. Chem Res Toxicol 2010; 23:386-95. [PMID: 20030412 DOI: 10.1021/tx900360w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) compounds are known human lung carcinogens. Solubility plays an important role in its carcinogenicity with the particulate or insoluble form being the most potent. Of the particulate Cr(VI) compounds, zinc chromate appears to be the most potent carcinogen; however, very few studies have investigated its carcinogenic mechanism. In this study, we investigated the ability of chronic exposure to zinc chromate to induce numerical chromosome instability. We found no increase in aneuploidy after a 24 h exposure to zinc chromate, but with more chronic exposures, zinc chromate induced concentration- and time-dependent increases in aneuploidy in the form of hypodiploidy, hyperdiploidy, and tetraploidy. Zinc chromate also induced centrosome amplification in a concentration- and time-dependent manner in both interphase and mitotic cells after chronic exposure, producing cells with centriolar defects. Furthermore, chronic exposure to zinc chromate induced concentration- and time-dependent increases in spindle assembly checkpoint bypass with increases in centromere spreading, premature centromere division, and premature anaphase. Last, we found that chronic exposure to zinc chromate induced a G2 arrest. All together, these data indicate that zinc chromate can induce chromosome instability after prolonged exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amie L Holmes
- Wise Laboratory of Environmental and Genetic Toxicology, Maine Center for Toxicology and Environmental Health, Department of Applied Medical Science, University of Southern Maine, 96 Falmouth Street, Portland, Maine 04104-9300, USA
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15
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Bošnjak I, Uhlinger KR, Heim W, Smital T, Franekić-Čolić J, Coale K, Epel D, Hamdoun A. Multidrug efflux transporters limit accumulation of inorganic, but not organic, mercury in sea urchin embryos. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2009; 43:8374-80. [PMID: 19924972 PMCID: PMC3166226 DOI: 10.1021/es901677r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Mercuric compounds are persistent global pollutants that accumulate in marine organisms and in humans who consume them. While the chemical cycles and speciation of mercury in the oceans are relatively well described, the cellular mechanisms that govern which forms of mercury accumulate in cells and why they persist are less understood. In this study we examined the role of multidrug efflux transport in the differential accumulation of inorganic (HgCl(2)) and organic (CH(3)HgCl) mercury in sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) embryos. We found that inhibition of MRP/ABCC-type transporters increases intracellular accumulation of inorganic mercury but had no effect on accumulation of organic mercury. Similarly, pharmacological inhibition of metal conjugating enzymes by ligands GST/GSH significantly increases this antimitotic potency of inorganic mercury, but had no effect on the potency of organic mercury. Our results point to MRP-mediated elimination of inorganic mercury conjugates as a cellular basis for differences in the accumulation and potency of the two major forms of mercury found in marine environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Bošnjak
- Laboratory for Biology and Microbial Genetics, Department for Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Kevin R. Uhlinger
- Hopkins Marine Station of Stanford University, 120 Oceanview Boulevard, Pacific Grove, California 93950
| | - Wesley Heim
- Marine Pollution Studies Laboratories, Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, 7544 Sandholdt Road, Moss Landing, California 95039
| | - Tvrtko Smital
- Laboratory for Molecular Ecotoxicology, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jasna Franekić-Čolić
- Laboratory for Biology and Microbial Genetics, Department for Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Kenneth Coale
- Marine Pollution Studies Laboratories, Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, 7544 Sandholdt Road, Moss Landing, California 95039
| | - David Epel
- Hopkins Marine Station of Stanford University, 120 Oceanview Boulevard, Pacific Grove, California 93950
| | - Amro Hamdoun
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92037
- Corresponding author: ; phone: (858) 822-5839
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Iarmarcovai G, Bonassi S, Sari-Minodier I, Baciuchka-Palmaro M, Botta A, Orsière T. Exposure to genotoxic agents, host factors, and lifestyle influence the number of centromeric signals in micronuclei: a pooled re-analysis. Mutat Res 2007; 615:18-27. [PMID: 17198715 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2006.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2006] [Revised: 08/01/2006] [Accepted: 09/15/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We pooled data from three biomonitoring studies using the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay in peripheral blood lymphocytes in combination with fluorescence in situ hybridization. Centromere-positive micronuclei (C+MN) were classified in two groups: those containing one centromere (C1+MN) and those with two or more (Cx+MN). The three studies evaluated untreated cancer patients, welders, and pathologists/anatomists exposed to formaldehyde. The total number of subjects included in the pooled re-analysis was 113. A higher frequency of C+MN was observed in cancer patients and exposed workers, who showed significant differences from controls in all studies. C1+MN were particularly increased in the group of pathologists/anatomists, who showed a 3.29 times higher frequency than controls (95% CI: 2.04-5.30). A borderline increase in Cx+MN was observed in welders when compared to the corresponding control group (FR: 1.31; 95% CI: 0.99-1.74). An evident effect of gender was found, with significantly increased frequencies of all endpoints measuring aneuploidy in females (C+MN, C1+MN, and Cx+MN). Alcohol consumption had a significant effect on total MN frequency and particularly on C+MN and C1+MN. In conclusion, scoring the number of centromeric signals in the micronucleus assay provides additional information about the mechanism of action of various genotoxic agents, and the role of confounding factors may be more specifically accounted for. Indeed, C+MN could be efficiently used in biomonitoring studies as an independent biomarker of exposure and early biological effect. The use of centromeric signals allows the identification of two further endpoints, representing two alternative pathways of chromosome loss, i.e., impaired chromosome migration, leading to increased C1+MN frequency, and centrosome amplification, possibly leading to Cx+MN with two or more centromeric signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Iarmarcovai
- Laboratory of Biogenotoxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis (EA 1784; IFR PMSE 112), Faculty of Medicine, Université de la Méditerranée, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France
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Iarmarcovai G, Botta A, Orsière T. Number of centromeric signals in micronuclei and mechanisms of aneuploidy. Toxicol Lett 2006; 166:1-10. [PMID: 16854538 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2006.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2006] [Revised: 05/29/2006] [Accepted: 05/30/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Genome instability or changes in chromosome structure and number are important facets of oncogenesis. Aneuploidy is a major cause of human reproductive failure and plays a large role in cancer. It is therefore important that any increase in its frequency due to occupational exposure to mutagens and carcinogens should be recognized and controlled. In recent years, the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay has emerged as a biomarker of chromosome/genome damage relevant to cancer. Fluorescent in situ hybridisation using human pancentromeric DNA probes discriminates between the presence of acentric chromosomal fragments and whole chromosomes in binucleated micronucleated lymphocytes. The separated analysis of centromeric micronuclei may improve the sensitivity of the micronucleus assay in detecting genotoxic effects and chromosome instability. Our previous findings suggest that aneugenic events leading to micronuclei (MN) containing a single centromere (C1+MN) and two or more centromeres (Cx+MN) may arise through different pathways. Chromosome migration impairment would lead to increased C1+MN frequency whereas centrosome amplification would induce Cx+MN with three or more centromeric signals. Additional studies that target cellular defects on the centrosome (microtubule nucleation, organization of the spindle poles, cell cycle progression) are required to better understand aneuploid cell production.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Iarmarcovai
- Laboratoire de Biogénotoxicologie et Mutagenèse Environnementale (EA 1784; IFR PMSE 112), Faculté de Médecine, Université de la Méditerranée, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France.
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Holmes AL, Wise SS, Sandwick SJ, Lingle WL, Negron VC, Thompson WD, Wise JP. Chronic Exposure to Lead Chromate Causes Centrosome Abnormalities and Aneuploidy in Human Lung Cells. Cancer Res 2006; 66:4041-8. [PMID: 16618723 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-3312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] compounds are established human lung carcinogens. The carcinogenicity of Cr(VI) is related to its solubility, with the most potent carcinogens being the insoluble particulate Cr(VI) compounds. However, it remains unknown why particulate Cr(VI) is more carcinogenic than soluble Cr(VI). One possible explanation is that particulates may provide more chronic exposures to chromate over time. We found that aneuploid cells increased in a concentration- and time-dependent manner after chronic exposure to lead chromate. Specifically, a 24-hour lead chromate exposure induced no aneugenic effect, whereas a 120-hour exposure to 0.5 and 1 microg/cm2 lead chromate induced 55% and 60% aneuploid metaphases, respectively. We also found that many of these aneuploid cells were able to continue to grow and form colonies. Centrosome defects are known to induce aneuploidy; therefore, we investigated the effects of chronic lead chromate exposure on centrosomes. We found that centrosome amplification in interphase and mitotic cells increased in a concentration- and time-dependent manner with 0.5 and 1 microg/cm2 lead chromate for 120 hours, inducing aberrant centrosomes in 18% and 21% of interphase cells and 32% and 69% of mitotic cells, respectively; however, lead oxide did not induce centrosome amplification in interphase or mitotic cells. There was also an increase in aberrant mitosis after chronic exposure to lead chromate with the emergence of disorganized anaphase and mitotic catastrophe. These data suggest that one possible mechanism for lead chromate-induced carcinogenesis is through centrosome dysfunction, leading to the induction of aneuploidy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amie L Holmes
- Wise Laboratory of Environmental and Genetic Toxicology, University of Southern Maine, Portland, Maine, USA
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Matson CW, Palatnikov G, Islamzadeh A, McDonald TJ, Autenrieth RL, Donnelly KC, Bickham JW. Chromosomal damage in two species of aquatic turtles (Emys orbicularis and Mauremys caspica) inhabiting contaminated sites in Azerbaijan. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2005; 14:513-25. [PMID: 16220359 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-005-0001-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2004] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The Caspian region and specifically the Apsheron peninsula of Azerbaijan are known to be polluted with a variety of environmental contaminants. These complex mixtures of contaminants make risk assessment difficult. We used the flow cytometry method (FCM) and the micronucleus assay (MN) to assess chromosomal damage in aquatic turtles (Emys orbicularis, the European pond turtle; and Mauremys caspica, the Caspian turtle) inhabiting contaminated wetlands in Azerbaijan. Evidence of genetic damage was found for two sites, Neftchala and Sumgayit, relative to a reference site, Ali Bairamly. Sediment samples from each site were analyzed for PAHs and mercury to evaluate potential contaminant associations with genetic damage. A significant positive correlation was documented between three-ring PAH sediment concentrations and FCM estimates of chromosomal damage in E. orbicularis. These data combine to show that the contaminated wetlands in Sumgayit and Neftchala are genotoxic and that three-ring PAHs are likely a significant influence on observed genotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cole W Matson
- Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, Texas A and M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2258, USA.
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Dopp E, Hartmann LM, Florea AM, Rettenmeier AW, Hirner AV. Environmental distribution, analysis, and toxicity of organometal(loid) compounds. Crit Rev Toxicol 2004; 34:301-33. [PMID: 15239389 DOI: 10.1080/10408440490270160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The biochemical modification of the metals and metalloids mercury, tin, arsenic, antimony, bismuth, selenium, and tellurium via formation of volatile metal hydrides and alkylated species (volatile and involatile) performs a fundamental role in determining the environmental processing of these elements. In most instances, the formation of such species increases the environmental mobility of the element, and can result in bioaccumulation in lipophilic environments. While inorganic forms of most of these compounds are well characterized (e.g., arsenic, mercury) and some of them exhibit low toxicity (e.g., tin, bismuth), the more lipid-soluble organometals can be highly toxic. Methylmercury poisoning (e.g., Minamata disease) and tumor development in rats after exposure to dimethylarsinic acid or tributyltin oxide are just some examples. Data on the genotoxicity (and the neurotoxicity) as well as the mechanisms of cellular action of organometal(loid) compounds are, however, scarce. Many studies have shown that the production of such organometal(loid) species is possible and likely whenever anaerobic conditions (at least on a microscale) are combined with available metal(loid)s and methyl donors in the presence of suitable organisms. Such anaerobic conditions can exist within natural environments (e.g., wetlands, pond sediments) as well as within anthropogenic environmental systems (e.g., waste disposal sites and sewage treatments plants). Some methylation can also take place under aerobic conditions. This article gives an overview about the environmental distribution of organometal(loid) compounds and the potential hazardous effects on animal and human health. Genotoxic effects in vivo and in vitro in particular are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Dopp
- Institut für Hygiene und Arbeitsmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany.
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