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Cebolla Á, Moreno MDL, Coto L, Sousa C. Gluten Immunogenic Peptides as Standard for the Evaluation of Potential Harmful Prolamin Content in Food and Human Specimen. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1927. [PMID: 30563126 PMCID: PMC6316305 DOI: 10.3390/nu10121927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gluten is a complex mixture of storage proteins in cereals like wheat, barley, and rye. Prolamins are the main components of gluten. Their high content in proline and glutamine makes them water-insoluble and difficult to digest in the gastrointestinal tract. Partial digestion generates peptide sequences which trigger immune responses in celiac and gluten-sensitive patients. Gluten detection in food is challenging because of the diversity, in various food matrices, of protein proportions or modifications and the huge number of immunogenic sequences with differential potential immunoactivity. Attempts to develop standard reference materials have been unsuccessful. Recent studies have reported the detection of a limited number of dominant Gluten Immunogenic Peptides (GIP) that share similarities to epitopes presented in the α-gliadin 33-mer, which showed to be highly proteolytic resistant and is considered to be the most immunodominant peptide within gluten in celiac disease (CD). GIP were detectable and quantifiable in very different kind of difficult to analyze food, revealing the potential immunogenicity by detecting T-cell activity of celiac patients. But GIP were also found in stool and urine of celiac patients on a supposedly gluten-free diet (GFD), showing the capacity to resist and be absorbed and excreted from the body, providing the first simple and objective means to assess adherence to the GFD. Methods to specifically and sensitively detect the most active GIP in food and biological fluids are rational candidates may use similar analytical standard references for determination of the immunopathological risk of gluten exposure in gluten-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - María de Lourdes Moreno
- Facultad de Farmacia, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
| | | | - Carolina Sousa
- Facultad de Farmacia, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
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Bugyi Z, Török K, Hajas L, Adonyi Z, Popping B, Tömösközi S. Comparative study of commercially available gluten ELISA kits using an incurred reference material. QUALITY ASSURANCE AND SAFETY OF CROPS & FOODS 2013. [DOI: 10.3920/qas2012.0174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Z. Bugyi
- Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szent Gellért tér 4., 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - K. Török
- Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szent Gellért tér 4., 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - L. Hajas
- Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szent Gellért tér 4., 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Z. Adonyi
- Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szent Gellért tér 4., 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - B. Popping
- Eurofins CTC GmbH, Am Neulaender Gewerbepark 1, 21079 Hamburg, Germany
| | - S. Tömösközi
- Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szent Gellért tér 4., 1111 Budapest, Hungary
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Silano M, Vincentini O, Luciani A, Felli C, Caserta S, Esposito S, Villella VR, Pettoello-Mantovani M, Guido S, Maiuri L. Early tissue transglutaminase-mediated response underlies K562(S)-cell gliadin-dependent agglutination. Pediatr Res 2012; 71:532-8. [PMID: 22314661 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2012.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION [corrected] K562(S) agglutination has been used as a rapid and economic tool for the in vitro screening of the toxicity of cereal fractions and prolamins in celiac disease (CD). A strict correlation has been reported between the toxicity of cereals and cereal fractions for celiac patients and their ability to agglutinate K562(S) cells. Whether this specificity of K562(S)-cell agglutination is caused by the activation of the same pathogenic events triggered by toxic cereal fractions in CD intestine or simply represents a bystander event of gluten toxicity is, however, unknown. METHODS K562(S) cells were incubated in vitro with the peptic-tryptic digest of wheat gliadin. RESULTS The agglutination of K562(S) cells by wheat gliadin peptides is orchestrated by a cascade of very early events occurring at the K562(S)-cell surface similar to those occurring at the intestinal epithelial surface. They involve a rapid increase in intracellular calcium levels that activate tissue transglutaminase (TG2), leading to a rapid actin reorganization that is pivotal in driving cell agglutination. These specific effects of toxic cereals are phenocopied by the gliadin-derived peptide p31-43, which orchestrates the activation of innate response to gliadin in CD. DISCUSSION Our study provides the rationale for the extensive use of K562(S)-cell agglutination as a valuable tool for screening cereal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Silano
- Unit of Human Nutrition and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
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De Vita P, Ficco DB, Luciani A, Vincentini O, Pettoello-Mantovani M, Silano M, Maiuri L, Cattivelli L. A ω-secalin contained decamer shows a celiac disease prevention activity. J Cereal Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2011.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Girón-Calle J, Alaiz M, Vioque J. Effect of chickpea protein hydrolysates on cell proliferation and in vitro bioavailability. Food Res Int 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2010.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Rollán G, De Angelis M, Gobbetti M, de Valdez GF. Proteolytic activity and reduction of gliadin-like fractions by sourdough lactobacilli. J Appl Microbiol 2006; 99:1495-502. [PMID: 16313422 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2005.02730.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To characterize the peptide hydrolase system of Lactobacillus plantarum CRL 759 and CRL 778 and evaluate their proteolytic activity in reducing gliadin-like fractions. METHODS AND RESULTS The intracellular peptide hydrolase system of Lact. plantarum CRL 759 and CRL 778 involves amino-, di- (DP), tri- (TP) and endopeptidase activities. These peptidases are metalloenzymes inhibited by EDTA and 1,10-phenanthroline and stimulated by Co2+. DP and TP activities of Lact. plantarum CRL 759 and CRL 778, respectively, were completely inhibited by Cu2+. Lactobacillus plantarum CRL 778 showed the highest proteolytic activity and amino acids release in fermented dough. The synthetic 31-43 alpha-gliadin fragment was hydrolysed to 36% and 73% by Lact. plantarum CRL 778 and CRL 759 respectively. CONCLUSIONS Lactobacillus plantarum CRL 759 and CRL 778 have an active proteolytic system, which is responsible for the high amino acid release during sourdough fermentation and the hydrolysis of the 31-43 alpha-gliadin-like fragment. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This work provides new information of use when obtaining sourdough starters for bread making. Moreover, knowledge regarding lactobacilli capable of reducing the level of gliadin-like fractions, a toxic peptide for coeliac patients, has a beneficial health impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Rollán
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA), CONICET, Chacabuco, Tucumán, Argentina.
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Hamer RJ. Coeliac Disease: Background and biochemical aspects. Biotechnol Adv 2005; 23:401-8. [PMID: 16006084 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2005.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2005] [Accepted: 05/13/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Coeliac Disease has to be considered a main food related affliction, with life long consequences for the people having the disease. Coeliac Disease patients suffer from adverse effects that can be related to specific gluten peptide sequences that trigger a sequence of immune related reactions leading to damage of the intestine and related malabsorption symptoms. Recently, detailed information has come available on peptide sequences that are toxic for Coeliac Disease patients. This information is discussed in relation to prevention of the disease and the development of safe cereals for Coeliac Disease patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rob J Hamer
- Centre for Protein Technology, WUR Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Maieron R, Elli L, Marino M, Floriani I, Minerva F, Avellini C, Falconieri G, Pizzolitto S, Zilli M. Celiac disease and intestinal metaplasia of the esophagus (Barrett's esophagus). Dig Dis Sci 2005; 50:126-9. [PMID: 15712649 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-005-1289-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies on celiac patients demonstrated that exposure to gliadin alters the motility of the upper gastrointestinal tract, leading to increased acid reflux. No literature is available regarding the possible presence of specialized intestinal metaplasia of the esophagus as a consequence of chronic reflux in adult celiac patients. Our purpose was to evaluate endoscopically and histologically the esophagi of a group of untreated celiac patients. We studied 60 celiac patients, 13 men and 47 women (mean age, 40 +/- 14 [SD] years; range, 18-80 years), at their first endoscopy (following a normal diet). The distal esophagus was evaluated and multiple biopsies were taken. Hematoxylin-eosin and alcian blue stainings were performed. A group of nonceliac, age- and sex-matched patients was used as a control. We found intestinal metaplasia in the distal esophagus of 16 of 60 (26.6%) celiacs (mean age, 45 +/- 13 years; range, 27-75 years), in comparison with a control-group prevalence of 10.9% (OR, 3.9; 95% CI, 1.4-11.2%). Among the celiac group with metaplasia, only one patient had reflux-like symptoms. None had esophagitis. In conclusion, we observed an increased prevalence of esophageal metaplasia in patients with celiac disease. This finding could be the result of motor abnormalities leading to chronic acid reflux, combined with a mucosa which is sensitive to gliadin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Maieron
- Gastroenterology Unit, General Hospital S. M. della Misericordia, Udine, Italy.
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Dolfini E, Elli L, Ferrero S, Braidotti P, Roncoroni L, Dasdia T, Falini ML, Forlani F, Bardella MT. Bread wheat gliadin cytotoxicity: a new three-dimensional cell model. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2003. [PMID: 12751695 DOI: 10.1080/00365510310000088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In an attempt to clarify the role of gliadin toxicity in the pathogenesis of gluten intolerance (celiac disease), previous in vitro studies have been based on two-dimensional human cell cultures. However, the specific morphological and biochemical properties of in vivo tissue are better maintained in three-dimensional cell cultures (multicellular spheroids, MCS). The aim of this study was to develop a three-dimensional in vitro model to investigate the effects of gliadin on epithelial cells and broaden our understanding of the early tissue damage occurring in celiac disease. METHODS The three-dimensionally growing Lovo cell line was exposed to increasing concentrations of peptic-tryptic-digested bread wheat gliadin (from 125 to 1000 microg/mL) for 7 days in order to evaluate cell viability (colony-forming assay), and at the standard concentration of 500 microg/mL for 7 days in order to evaluate MCS diameters, volumes and cell morphology using light and electron microscopy. RESULTS In comparison with the controls, the cell viability of the gliadin-treated MCS was significantly reduced (20-80%), but there was no difference in size. Various degrees of cell damage (autophagic vacuoles and intra-cytoplasmic lipid-like droplets) were detected by both light and electron microscopy. CONCLUSION This is the first study investigating the effects of gliadin on MCS. Lovo MCS seem to be responsive to gliadin exposure, thus confirming previous results obtained using two-dimensional cell cultures. The data suggest that three-dimensional cell cultures may be useful in broadening our understanding of some of the early effects of gliadin peptides on epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Dolfini
- Department of Biology and Genetics, University of Milan, Italy
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Dolfini E, Elli L, Dasdia T, Bufardeci B, Colleoni MP, Costa B, Floriani I, Falini ML, Guerrieri N, Forlani F, Bardella MT. In vitro cytotoxic effect of bread wheat gliadin on the LoVo human adenocarcinoma cell line. Toxicol In Vitro 2002; 16:331-7. [PMID: 12110270 DOI: 10.1016/s0887-2333(02)00017-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of celiac disease is not completely understood but, although the initial step of the process is still unclear, an altered immune response seems to play a major role. Previous studies of the biological properties of gliadin have highlighted its cytotoxic effects, and the aim of this study was to develop an in vitro technique to study them. The LoVo (human colon adenocarcinoma) cell line grown in two-dimensional cultures was exposed to different concentrations of digested bread wheat gliadin (62, 125, 250, 500 and 750 microg/ml) for 48 h, after which cell growth and oxidative balance (the content of reduced glutathione (GSH), and peroxidase, transferase and reductase activity) was evaluated. Other food proteins were used as controls. Our data revealed a statistically significant inhibition of cell growth in proportion to the gliadin concentration (from 26 to 100%), combined with a decrease in GSH content (-38% at 500 microg/ml) and reduced enzymatic activity (-30% at 500 microg/ml). The controls did not show any noxious effect. Our results confirm the usefulness of LoVo cells in evaluating gliadin cytotoxicity and that they can be used to investigate the biological properties of gliadin.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Dolfini
- Department of Biology and Genetics, University of Milan, via Viotti 5/6, 20100 Milan, Italy
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Sen M, Kopper R, Pons L, Abraham EC, Burks AW, Bannon GA. Protein structure plays a critical role in peanut allergen stability and may determine immunodominant IgE-binding epitopes. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2002; 169:882-7. [PMID: 12097392 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.169.2.882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Hypersensitivity to peanuts is a reaction mediated by IgE Abs in response to several peanut protein allergens. Among these allergenic proteins, Ara h 2 is one of the most commonly recognized allergens. Ara h 2 is a 17-kDa protein that has eight cysteine residues that could form up to four disulfide bonds. Circular dichroism studies showed substantial changes in the secondary and tertiary structures of the reduced Ara h 2 as compared with the native protein. Upon treatment with trypsin, chymotrypsin, or pepsin, a number of relatively large fragments are produced that are resistant to further enzymatic digestion. These resistant Ara h 2 peptide fragments contain intact IgE-binding epitopes and several potential enzyme cut sites that are protected from the enzymes by the compact structure of the protein. The enzyme-treated allergen remains essentially intact despite the action of proteases until the fragments are dissociated when the disulfide linkages are reduced. Amino acid sequence analysis of the resistant protein fragments indicates that they contain most of the immunodominant IgE-binding epitopes. These results provide a link between allergen structure and the immunodominant IgE-binding epitopes within a population of food-allergic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon Sen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
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