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Ergucu Z, Yoruk I, Erdoğan A, Boyacıoğlu H, Hill R, Baysan A. The Use of Toothpastes Containing Different Formulations of Fluoride and Bioglass on Bleached Enamel. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:1368. [PMID: 36836998 PMCID: PMC9963374 DOI: 10.3390/ma16041368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the application of toothpaste either containing calcium sodium phospho-silicate bioglass (NovaMin) or calcium fluorosilicate bioglass (BioMinF) on the surface mineral composition and morphology of enamel after bleaching procedure. Methods: Thirty extracted noncarious human teeth were allocated into five groups (n = 6). Group 1: Bleaching using 40% hydrogen peroxide (HP) and fluoridated toothpaste containing bioactive glass (1450 ppm fluoride). Group 2: Bleaching using 40%HP and toothpaste containing calcium fluorosilicate bioglass (540 ppm fluoride). Group 3: Bleaching using 40%HP and fluoridated toothpaste (1450 ppm fluoride). Group 4: Bleaching alone using 40%HP. Group 5: Negative control with distilled water alone. The surface morphology was evaluated using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Scanning Probe Microscope (SPM). The concentration of elements as atomic percentages were determined by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS). Results: This laboratory-based study reported that SPM and SEM detected minor changes on the surfaces of all toothpaste-treated enamel samples (Groups 1-3) after 45 days. Bioactive glass deposits were observed on enamel surfaces in Groups 1 and 2, whilst the bleaching-alone samples (Group 4) had rough enamel surfaces. XPS reported that toothpaste containing calcium fluorosilicate bioglass (Group 2) had a high atomic% of calcium and phosphate, whilst silicon values were high in the toothpaste containing bioactive glass and 1450 ppm fluoride (Group 1) after bleaching procedure when compared to other groups (p < 0.05). In addition, EDS detected the highest %F in Groups 1, 2 and 5. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this laboratory-based study, there was no significant decrease in the Ca%, P% values and surface properties of enamel after the bleaching procedure following the use of different formulations of toothpastes for a period of 45 days. However, the Ca% and P% values were significantly high for the toothpaste containing calcium fluorosilicate bioglass (BioMinF) on the bleached enamel. Clinical relevance: The bleaching process can provide optimum aesthetic outcomes, but the effect of peroxides on hard tissues is still in question. Toothpastes containing different formulations of fluoride and bioactive glass might have the potential to prevent mineral loss on bleached enamel. However, further laboratory-based studies and controlled double-blind randomised clinical trials are required to interpret the effects of toothpastes with different fluoride and bioactive glass formulations on enamel surfaces following bleaching procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Ergucu
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Ege University, 35040 Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Inci Yoruk
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Ege University, 35040 Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Ayşegül Erdoğan
- Ege University Application and Research Center for Testing and Analysis (EGE MATAL), Ege University, 35040 Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Hayal Boyacıoğlu
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Ege University, 35040 Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Robert Hill
- Centre for Oral Bioengineering, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University, London E1 2AD, UK
| | - Aylin Baysan
- Centre for Oral Bioengineering, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University, London E1 2AD, UK
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KAYA S, OZEL BEKTAS O. EFFECT OF İN-OFFİCE BLEACHİNG ON THE SURFACE ROUGHNESS OF DİFFERENT COMPOSİTE RESİNS. CUMHURIYET DENTAL JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.7126/cumudj.1030957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Karatas O, Gul P, Gündoğdu M, Iskenderoglu DT. An evaluation of surface roughness after staining of different composite resins using atomic force microscopy and a profilometer. Microsc Res Tech 2020; 83:1251-1259. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ozcan Karatas
- Department of Restorative DentistryNuhNaciYazgan University Kayseri Turkey
| | - Pınar Gul
- Department of Restorative DentistryAtatürk University Erzurum Turkey
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De-Deus G, Reis C, Paciornik S. Critical appraisal of published smear layer-removal studies: methodological issues. ORAL SURGERY, ORAL MEDICINE, ORAL PATHOLOGY, ORAL RADIOLOGY, AND ENDODONTICS 2011; 112:531-543. [PMID: 21696983 DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2011.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2011] [Accepted: 01/31/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The smear layer phenomenon has been extensively addressed over the past 3 decades. However, there still are unanswered questions on this issue and the main responsible factor is the qualitative and nonreproducible character of most in vitro smear layer removal studies. The methodological reasons that led to the current lack of reliable conclusions on procedures aiming to remove the smear layer are comprehensively addressed. The limitations and outcomes related to different assessment methods are discussed as well. General speaking, the results by score-based conventional SEM studies are not trustworthy and reproducible. Computational routines able to automatically extract quantitative data of dentin morphology are necessary to minimize the human bias. An ideal experimental model should have a longitudinal observational character, in which a given dentin area can be observed at different times. The use of flat dentin samples should be avoided because of the influence of gravity as well as root canal anatomy on the final result of the chelating process. The experimental model also needs to take into consideration the amount and distribution of sclerotic dentin and irregular secondary dentin, otherwise the final results can be compromised. Inasmuch as there is a clear lack of scientific standard, simple comparative SEM evaluations are pointless at the present moment. The ideal experimental model to assess smear layer removal is not currently available. Therefore, further research efforts should be directed to the development of and testing of new methodological approaches to be used in the smear layer removal studies. The improvement of the experimental models is a requirement to draw up optimized clinical guidelines for the chemical treatment of the root dentin.
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Botta SB, Ana PA, de Sa Teixeira F, da Silveira Salvadori MCB, Matos AB. Relationship Between Surface Topography and Energy Density Distribution of Er,Cr:YSGG Beam on Irradiated Dentin: An Atomic Force Microscopy Study. Photomed Laser Surg 2011; 29:261-9. [PMID: 21219230 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2010.2812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Brossi Botta
- Operative Dentistry Department, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Patricia Aparecida Ana
- Center for Lasers and Applications, Energetic and Nuclear Research Institute, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Adriana Bona Matos
- Operative Dentistry Department, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Ribeiro JC, Coelho PG, Janal MN, Silva NR, Monteiro AJ, Fernandes CA. The influence of temporary cements on dental adhesive systems for luting cementation. J Dent 2011; 39:255-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2011.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2010] [Revised: 01/07/2011] [Accepted: 01/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Quantification of dental erosion—A comparison of stylus profilometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Dent Mater 2010; 26:326-36. [PMID: 20047756 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2009.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2009] [Revised: 11/02/2009] [Accepted: 12/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Fawzy AS. Variations in collagen fibrils network structure and surface dehydration of acid demineralized intertubular dentin: effect of dentin depth and air-exposure time. Dent Mater 2010; 26:35-43. [PMID: 19766301 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2009.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2008] [Revised: 05/13/2009] [Accepted: 08/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim was to characterize the variations in the structure and surface dehydration of acid demineralized intertubular dentin collagen network with the variations in dentin depth and time of air-exposure (3, 6, 9 and 12 min). In addition, to study the effect of these variations on the tensile bond strength (TBS) to dentin. METHODS Phosphoric acid demineralized superficial and deep dentin specimens were prepared. The structure of the dentin collagen network was characterized by AFM. The surface dehydration was characterized by probing the nano-scale adhesion force (F(ad)) between AFM tip and intertubular dentin surface as a new experimental approach. The TBS to dentin was evaluated using an alcohol-based dentin self-priming adhesive. RESULTS AFM images revealed a demineralized open collagen network structure in both of superficial and deep dentin at 3 and 6 min of air-exposure. However, at 9 min, superficial dentin showed more collapsed network structure compared to deep dentin that partially preserved the open network structure. Total collapsed structure was found at 12 min for both of superficial and deep dentin. The value of the F(ad) is decreased with increasing the time of air-exposure and is increased with dentin depth at the same time of air-exposure. The TBS was higher for superficial dentin at 3 and 6 min, however, no difference was found at 9 and 12 min. SIGNIFICANCE The ability of the demineralized dentin collagen network to resist air-dehydration and to preserve the integrity of open network structure with the increase in air-exposure time is increased with dentin depth. Although superficial dentin achieves higher bond strength values, the difference in the bond strength is decreased by increasing the time of air-exposure. The AFM probed F(ad) showed to be sensitive approach to characterize surface dehydration, however, further researches are recommended regarding the validity of such approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr S Fawzy
- Dental Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
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Loyola-Rodriguez JP, Zavala-Alonso V, Reyes-Vela E, Patiño-Marin N, Ruiz F, Anusavice KJ. Atomic force microscopy observation of the enamel roughness and depth profile after phosphoric acid etching. JOURNAL OF ELECTRON MICROSCOPY 2009; 59:119-125. [PMID: 19692346 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfp042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The aim was to compare the enamel surface roughness (ESR) and absolute depth profile (ADP) (mean peak-to-valley height) by atomic force microscopy (AFM) before and after using four different phosphoric acids. A total of 160 enamel samples from 40 upper premolars were prepared. The inclusion criterion was that the teeth have healthy enamel. Exclusion criteria included any of the following conditions: facial restorations, caries lesions, enamel hypoplasia and dental fluorosis. Evaluations of the ESR and ADP were carried out by AFM. The Mann-Whitney U-test was used to compare continuous variables and the Wilcoxon test was used to analyze the differences between before and after etching. There were statistically significant differences (P <or= 0.05) among mean surface roughness and absolute depth before and after using four different phosphoric acids in healthy enamel; Etch-37 and Scotchbond Etching Gel showed higher profiles after etching (P <or= 0.05). There were statistically significant differences (P <or= 0.05) among roughness and ADP before and after using four different phosphoric acids in healthy enamel. However, consistently Etch-37 and Scotchbond Etching Gel showed the highest increase regarding the ESR and ADP after etching healthy enamel. AFM was a useful tool to study site-specific structural topography changes in enamel after phosphoric acid etching.
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Sanches RP, Otani C, Damião AJ, Miyakawa W. AFM characterization of bovine enamel and dentine after acid-etching. Micron 2008; 40:502-6. [PMID: 19138525 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2008.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2008] [Revised: 11/27/2008] [Accepted: 12/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Teeth are constituted mainly of hydroxyapatite molecules (Ca(10)(PO(4))(6)(OH)(2)), grouped in different microstructural arrangements, depending on the dental layer considered (enamel or dentine). In the present work, these dental microstructural arrangements were characterized by atomic force microscopy. Enamel and dentine samples were cut from freshly extracted bovine incisor teeth. After metallographic polishing, the dental surfaces were etched with lactic acid (113.8 mmol/L, pH 3.3). Three etching times were tested: 1, 3 and 5 min. Atomic force micrographs showed that 1 min of etching time was effective to remove the smear layer, polishing debris and scratches, and display the characteristics of interest for both enamel and dentine. Although the bovine dental enamel rod cross-section presented keyhole-like shape, its measured dimensions (8.8 microm of major axis and 3.7 microm of minor axis) exhibited an insignificant discrepancy from human prisms diameters. Bovine dentinal tubules displayed larger mean diameters (4.0 microm) and a lower density (approximately 17,100 tubules/mm(2)) than human dentine, suggesting that the use of bovine dentine as a substitute for human dentine in resin adhesion investigations should be reconsidered. Apatite nanoparticles presented a mean radius (22-23 nm) considerably smaller than that of human teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Pizarro Sanches
- Divisão de Fotônica, Instituto de Estudos Avançados, Rod. dos Tamoios, km 5,5, CEP: 12228-001, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
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11
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Botta AC, Duarte S, Paulin Filho PI, Gheno SM. Effect of dental finishing instruments on the surface roughness of composite resins as elucidated by atomic force microscopy. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2008; 14:380-386. [PMID: 18793482 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927608080768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Roughness increases significantly after finishing procedures. The aim of this study was to assess by the atomic force microscope (AFM) the effect of finishing instruments on the surface roughness of composite resins. A nanofiller composite resin (Filtek Supreme, 3M-F) and a microhybrid composite resin (Point 4, Kerr-P) were selected. The finishing procedures were done with a 30-blade carbide bur (C) and a 30-microm finishing diamond bur (D). Standardized specimens were produced and divided into six experimental groups (n=4) according to (1) composite resin, (2) absence of finishing (Mylar matrix-M), and (3) finishing instrument (FM, PM, FC, FD, PC, PD). The mean surface roughness was evaluated by AFM in the contact mode. FM and PM groups were assessed statistically by the Student's T test, and FC, FD, PC, PD groups were submitted to variance analysis (ANOVA), both at 5% significance. The mean surface roughness values, in nanometers, were FM, 23.63 (b); FC, 283.88 (c); FD, 510.55 (d); PM, 12.52 (a); PC, 343.98 (c); PD, 531.64 (d). Microhybrid composite displayed less roughness than nanofiller composite in the absence of finishing procedures. The 30-blade carbide bur produced less roughness compared to the extra fine diamond bur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Botta
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, São José dos Campos School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Eng Francisco José Longo, 777, 12245-000, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
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12
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De-Deus G, Reis CM, Fidel RAS, Fidel SR, Paciornik S. Co-site digital optical microscopy and image analysis: an approach to evaluate the process of dentine demineralization. Int Endod J 2007; 40:441-52. [PMID: 17374137 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2007.01235.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To introduce and explore the potential of digital optical co-site microscopy and image analysis for the observation of changes in dentine surfaces during demineralization. The effect of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) was evaluated quantitatively and longitudinally. METHODOLOGY Three maxillary human molars were sectioned transversely at the cemento-enamel junction, and the crowns discarded. Subsequently, discs approximately 3 mm thick were cut in the cervical third of the root and a standardized smear layer produced. Co-site image sequences of the dentine surface subjected to 17% EDTA were obtained over the experimental period (15, 30, 60, 180 and 300 s). Sixteen images were obtained in each dentine sample for each experimental time, thus, a total of 48 image fields were obtained. For each field, an image analysis routine automatically discriminated open dentine tubules and measured their number, area fraction and minimum diameter, thus allowing the quantification of the demineralization process. The Student t-test was used to analyse the data. RESULTS The number of open tubules remained essentially constant during the demineralization process. The area fraction increased from 9% to 32%. Tubule minimum diameter increased from 1.5 to 3.0 microm. The changes over time for the area fraction and minimum diameter were significant for comparison between all experimental times (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The methodology developed for longitudinal observation of dentinal surfaces was fast, robust and reproducible. It could be easily extended to other chelating substances, thus contributing to the understanding of the demineralization process and in establishing an optimal time-effect relationship in the clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- G De-Deus
- Department of Endodontics, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Paciornik S, De-Deus G, Reis CM, Pinho Mauricio MH, Prioli R. In situ atomic force microscopy and image analysis of dentine submitted to acid etching. J Microsc 2007; 225:236-43. [PMID: 17371446 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2818.2007.01738.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The effect of acid etching on root dentine was analyzed with Atomic Force Microscopy using a liquid cell that allowed image acquisition while the sample was kept in contact with the etching solution. The time evolution of the etching process was evaluated both qualitatively and quantitatively. Image sequences against etching time were obtained showing a clear trend of surface cleaning and opening of dentine tubules. Image analysis methods were employed to quantify the changes on the dentine surface, through the detection and morphological measurement of dentine tubules over time. The measurements indicated an overall increase in the diameter of the tubules against time, with a saturation value between 3.5 and 5.5 microm reached after approximately 300 seconds.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Paciornik
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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De-Deus G, Paciornik S, Pinho Mauricio MH, Prioli R. Real-time atomic force microscopy of root dentine during demineralization when subjected to chelating agents. Int Endod J 2006; 39:683-92. [PMID: 16916357 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2006.01128.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To explore the potential of atomic force microscopy (AFM) for the examination of changes to dentine surfaces during demineralization and evaluate qualitatively the effect of EDTA, EDTAC and citric acid. METHODOLOGY Nine canine teeth were sectioned transversely at the cemento-enamel junction, and the crowns discarded. Subsequently, each root was embedded in an epoxy cylinder and discs approximately 5 mm thick were cut. A standard metallographic procedure was then used to prepare the surfaces for observation. From the central portion of these samples, two specimens were symmetrically prepared per tooth so that a total number of 18 samples was produced. To allow the use of a liquid cell during AFM, the samples were embedded in silicone rubber and were then randomly divided into three groups, as follows: group 1: 17% EDTA (pH 7.7), group 2: 17% EDTAC (pH 7.7) and group 3: 10% citric acid (pH 1.4). Topographical images were acquired during the demineralization process, allowing real-time observation of the dentine surface. Two operators assigned scores to the AFM images using a double-blind method. anova analysis with random effects (P < 0.05) was used to compare the results. RESULTS The average scores were 6.13 +/- 0.35 for EDTAC, 7.36 +/- 0.23 for EDTA and 14.55 +/- 1.21 for citric acid. Citric acid was statistically different from EDTA and EDTAC while EDTA and EDTAC were not statistically different. CONCLUSIONS The most effective demineralizing substance was citric acid. The methodology developed for real-time observation of dentine surfaces is a valuable method to evaluate demineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- G De-Deus
- Department of Endodontics, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Fano L, Fano V, Ma WY, Wang XG, Zhu F. Adhesiveness of dental resin-based restorative materials investigated with atomic force microscopy. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2005; 73:35-42. [PMID: 15678487 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.30180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to show that the polymerization contraction of dental methacrylate-based materials, when used as adhesives on hard substrate, produces voids at the material-substrate interface. This phenomenology is closely related with the nanoleakage and the sealing ability of these materials. One prime/bond system, three restorative composite resins, and one orthodontic bonding system were cured by using mirror-like glass slides as a compliance-free reference substrate. The adhesive surface was analyzed by atomic force microscopy, and the polymerization contraction of bulk material was tested by laser beam-scanning method. Nanoperiodic structure of three-dimensional (3D) images, section analysis, and roughness characteristics (R(a) and R(z)) indicated that polymerization contraction produced voids at the interface. When the adhesive surface was exposed to oral simulating fluids (water, ethanol, and lactic acid solutions), hydrolytic degradation involved some hundreds of nanometers in depth. In visible light-cured (VLC) materials, the interface porosity decreased when an irradiation pause ( approximately 2 min) was carried out during gelation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Fano
- Department of Public Health, Section of Physics, Istituto Nazionale Fisica della Materia, University of Parma, via Volturno 39, 43100 Parma, Italy
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Jafari GR, Mahdavi SM, Iraji Zad A, Kaghazchi P. Characterization of etched glass surfaces by wave scattering. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.2059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Lu H, Roeder LB, Powers JM. Effect of polishing systems on the surface roughness of microhybrid composites. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2004; 15:297-303; discussion 304. [PMID: 14620660 DOI: 10.1111/j.1708-8240.2003.tb00300.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was undertaken to examine the effect of three different polishing systems on surface roughness of five newly developed resin composites. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three microhybrid composites (Point 4, Kerr, Orange, CA; Esthet-X, Dentsply/Caulk, Milford, DE; Vitalescence, Ultradent, South Jordan, UT, USA), one microfilled composite (Renamel Microfill, Cosmedent, Chicago, IL, USA), and one experimental microhybrid composite (FZB, Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein) were light cured with a Mylar strip. Fifteen specimens of each composite (6 mm in diameter and 3 mm in depth) were fabricated and randomly assigned to three groups. Specimens in each group were finished with a carbide bur (16 fluted) and three polishing systems (Astropol, Ivoclar Vivadent; Diagloss, Axis Dental, Irving, TX, USA; Sof-Lex, 3M, ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA). The average surface roughness (Ra) and the mean peak spacing (Sm) were measured with a surface profilometer after polishing. Five tracings at different locations on each specimen were made. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance. RESULTS For Astropol, Ra ranged from 0.10 to 0.15 microm and Sm ranged from 24 to 40 microm for the five composites; for Diagloss, Ra ranged from 0.24 to 0.34 microm and Sm from 38 to 74 pm; for Sof-Lex, Ra ranged from 0.06 to 0.10 microm and Sm ranged from 16 to 22 microm. Significant differences between materials and polishing systems were observed. Polishing systems had the most important role in determining the surface roughness of resin composites. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Of the polished systems tested, Sof-Lex discs provided the lowest roughness for polishing microfilled and microhybrid composites, and the microfilled resin composite showed the lowest roughness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Lu
- Houston Biomaterials Research Center, Department of Restorative Dentistry and Biomaterials, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Dental Branch, Houston, TX 77030-3402, USA.
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El Feninat F, Ellis TH, Sacher E, Stangel I. A tapping mode AFM study of collapse and denaturation in dentinal collagen. Dent Mater 2001; 17:284-8. [PMID: 11356204 DOI: 10.1016/s0109-5641(00)00083-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Tapping mode atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to investigate the surface changes of collagen exposed to phosphoric acid treatment. We focus on denaturation and collapse following demineralization and exposure to air. METHODS Unpolished dentin disks, obtained from freshly extracted human molars, were etched in 37% phosphoric acid for 15s, rinsed ultrasonically and gently blotted with soft paper; the specimens were then continuously observed using tapping mode AFM. RESULTS Immediately after the removal of bulk water, the surface consisted of a porous network of banded collagen fibrils, having periodicities of 67nm. After approximately 8min of subsequent air-drying, the spacing between fibrils was lost, and the surface was observed to consist of a dense array of closely spaced fibrils. The banding periodicity was still observable. SIGNIFICANCE The air drying of etched dentin results in the collapse of the collagen network, but not in the denaturation of the collagen fibrils. This study indicates that collapse and denaturation are separate phenomena. It further shows that water loss occurs rapidly, and disrupts the native conformation of the collagen network. This would have adverse effects on adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- F El Feninat
- Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Que., Canada H3C 3J7
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Tanumiharja M, Burrow MF, Cimmino A, Tyas MJ. The evaluation of four conditioners for glass ionomer cements using field-emission scanning electron microscopy. J Dent 2001; 29:131-8. [PMID: 11239588 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-5712(00)00056-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to evaluate the GIC-dentine interface morphology using FE-SEM after four different conditioners (Ketac Conditioner, Dentin Conditioner, Cavity Conditioner, and an experimental conditioner K-930), used with two RM-GICs and one self-cured GIC, and to observe the effect with an AFM of the four different conditioners on the surface of polished human dentine. MATERIALS AND METHODS SAMPLE PREPARATION FOR FE-SEM: Twenty-four 1-mm thick dentine discs were obtained from superficial occlusal dentine of extracted human third molars, and finished with wet 600-grit SiC paper. The discs were treated for each of the GICs using the conditioners according to the manufacturers' instructions. The specimens were kept in tap water for 24 h at 37 degrees C, and then assigned for one of two observational techniques; a fractured technique and an acid-base technique. Specimens were mounted on aluminium stubs, gold sputter-coated and observed using a FE-SEM. SAMPLE PREPARATION FOR AFM: Four rectangular dentine blocks approximately 2mm(3) were prepared from two extracted human third molars, polished and finished with diamond paste down to 0.25 microm particle size. One half of each sample was treated with one of the conditioners according to the manufacturers' instructions, and the other half was not conditioned. The samples were stored in distilled water prior to AFM contact mode observation. RESULTS FE-SEM: All specimens of all materials demonstrated good adaptation to the underlying dentine. However, the specimens conditioned with K-930 showed increased demineralization and a thicker acid-base resistant layer (2.8-3.4 microm) compared with the others (1-2 microm). AFM: The images of conditioned specimens showed demineralization of peritubular dentine. Funneling of dentinal tubule orifices of specimens conditioned with K-930 was observed, and was also seen for the FE-SEM specimens. SIGNIFICANCE The use of surface conditioners resulted in similar adaptation to the non-conditioned specimens at the GIC-dentine interface. All of the GICs demonstrated intimate adaptation to the dentine surface whether it was conditioned or not.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tanumiharja
- School of Dental Science, The University of Melbourne, 711 Elizabeth Street, Melbourne 3000, Victoria, Australia
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Aspects of the physical chemistry of polymers, biomaterials and mineralised tissues investigated with atomic force microscopy (AFM). Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2000; 19:301-314. [PMID: 11064253 DOI: 10.1016/s0927-7765(00)00139-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Beyond being merely a tool for measuring surface topography, atomic force microscopy (AFM) has made significant contributions to various scientific areas dealing with physical chemistry processes. This paper presents aspects of the physical chemistry at surfaces and interfaces of polymers, biomaterials and tissues investigated with AFM. Selected examples presented include surface induced self-assembly of polymer blends, copolymer interfacial reinforcement of immiscible homopolymers, protein adsorption on biomaterials and erosion of mineralised human tissues. In these areas, AFM is a useful and versatile tool to study structural or dynamic sample properties including thermodynamically driven surface evolution of polymer surfaces, lateral surface composition of interfaces, adsorption processes, and the metrology of demineralisation phenomena.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to analyse the composition of representative dentin primers and bonding agents, and to investigate the relationship between chromatographic retention times and partition coefficient (log P) values. METHODS Dentin bonding systems (DBS) were analysed with reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The log P values were obtained computationally with the advanced chemistry development software. RESULTS The DBS were analysed and the monomers were identified. The log P values were calculated and the relationship between log P and retention times for the monomers was described by the equation: log P = 2.436R(t) - 3.636, with a correlation value (r) of r = 0.9095. SIGNIFICANCE The components of the DBS were successfully resolved and identified, thus illustrating the analytical power of HPLC regarding those systems. Also the log P values correlated with the retention times of monomers. Thus, they can be used as a prediction tool in future analysis. These findings are important for a mechanistic understanding of Primer and Adhesive actions in the bonding to the dentin.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Silikas
- University of Manchester Dental School, Higher Cambridge Street, Manchester M15 6FH, UK.
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